Unit 5 Nervous system ppt #4 Brain structures and functionsName:______

Terms:

Rostral : ______

Caudal: ______

3 major portions of the brain:

Cerebrum: ______

Cerebellum: ______

Brain stem: _made up of the: ______

Diencephalon is part of the brain stem that contains the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Cerebrum:

Gyri : ______

Sulci : ______

Corpus Callosum: ______

Longitudinal fissure: ______

Cerebral Cortex: ______

Gray Matter: ______

______

______

White Matter: ______

______

Forms Tracks: Projection Tracts=______

Commissural tracts = ______

Association Tracts=______

Meninges: ______

______

Dura Matter :______

Arachnoid Matter : ______

Pia Matter: ______

What are some symptoms of Meningitis?______

______

Brain Ventricles: ______

2 Lateral ventricles

Third ventricle: Single narrow median space beneath the ______

Connected to 4th ventricle via the ______

Fourth ventricle: small triangular chamber between the ______. This connects

To the ______.

Choroid Plexus—______

CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid: ______

Brain produces and absorbs ______

Produced via the filtration of ______

Ependymal cells modify the filtrate, slightly different from the plasma.

Functions of CSF:

Buoyancy: ______

Protection: ______

Chemical Stability: ______

Blood Brain Barrier—The brain is only 2% of the adult body weight but receives ______

Neurons have a ______so a constant supply of ______>

______= loss of consciousness

______= significant impairment of neural function

______= irreversible brain damage

There are 2 points of entry of the BBS that must be guarded:

1. ______

2. ______

Capillaries are protected throughout the brain tissue due to tight junctions between ______

Astrocytes:______

Endothelial cells: exclude harmful substances and allows necessary substances to pass.

BBBS is highly permeable to:______

______

BBBS is only Slightly permeable to: ______

This is problematic for delivering______

______can damage BBBS and allow pathogens to enter the brain tissue.

The Lobes of the Brain and the Cortical Regions:

Cerebrum: ______

Frontal Lobe plays an important role in:______

Frontal Lobe Cortical Regions:

Primary Motor Cortex: ______

Broca’s Area: (LEFT Frontal lobe) ______

Condition of Broca’s Aphasia- results in the ______

______

Orbitofrontal Cortex: Site of Frontal Lobotomies, were performed to produce these effects______, ______, ______

They also produced these side effects: ______, ______,

______.

Olfactory bulb______

Parietal Lobe plays a major role in ______

______

Parietal Lobe Cortical Regions:

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus): ______

Somatosensory Association Cortex; ______

______

Primary Gustatory Cortex: ______

Occipital Lobe plays a role in the processing, ______

Occipital Lobe Cortical Regions:

Primary visual Cortes: ______

Visual Association Area: ______

Temporal Lobe plays an integral role in the ______

______

Temporal Lobe Cortical Regions:

Primary Auditory Cortex: ______

Primary Olfactory Cortex: ______

Wernicke’s Area: ______

Condition of Wernicke’s Aphasia: ______

______

Arcuate Fasciculus: ______

______

Condition of Conduction Aphasia: ______

______

Cerebellum: Largest part of the hind brain

Left and Right Hemispheres connected by ______.

Cortex of gray matter with ______

*****Contains more than ______with Purkinje cells (______)

White matter arranged in branching pattern called the ______.

Cerebellum is connected to the

Brainstem by ______

______.

These consist of bundles of

______

______

Functions of the Cerebellum:

1. Monitors ______

2. Evaluates ______

3. Time keeping center______

4. Hearing______

5. Planning ______

Lesions in this are may result in: ______

Hindbrain- Medulla Oblongata Begins at the ______

Slightly wider than the spinal cord, All nerve fibers ______

4 Pair of cranial nerves begin or end in the medulla ______

Functions of the Medulla Oblongata:

1. Cardiac Center______

2. Vasomotor center______

3. Respiratory center______

4. Reflex center ______

Pons: Appears as an anterior bulge in the brainstem

Functions of the Pons:

1. Has ascending sensory tracts that carry signals to the ______

2. Has descending motor tracts that conducts signals from the cerebrum to the ______

3. Has cranial nerves ______

Plays role in sensory:______

Plays form in motor: ______

4. The reticular formations in the pons contains ______

______

Reticular Formations are ______

______

Major functions of Reticular Formation Networks:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

Midbrain: short segment that connects the ______

Contains the ______

Contains the motor nuclei of ______that control eye movement

Forebrain : also called the diencephalon

encloses the ______

it is the most ______part of the brainstem

It contains three major parts:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

Thalamus functions:

1. It is the “gateway to the cerebral cortex”______

______

2. Plays key role in Motor control by ______

______

3. Involved in the memory and emotional functions of the ______

______

Hypothalamus functions & structures

1. Is posterior to the ______

2. Mamillary bodies relay signals from the limbic system to the thalamus.

3. Has a stalk that attaches to the pituitary gland called the ______

4. Is the major control center of the ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

8. ______

9. ______

10. ______

Epithalamus: Very small mass of tissue composed of the ______.

Corpus Callosum: bridge of nervous fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres.

Amygdala ______

Hippocampus: ______

Just a bit about the limbic system: Important center of learning and emotion

Most important components are :

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

These are all connected through a loop of fiber tracts allowing for patterns of feedback.

Limbic system structures have centers for both: Gratification and Aversion

Cerebral White and Gray Matter

•Neural integration is carried out in the gray matter of the cerebrum which is found in three places:

•Cerebral cortex, Basil Nuclei, and limbic system.

Cerebrum is mostly white matter; glial and myelinated nerve fibers that transmit signals from one region to another. These are bundled into TRACKS:

Projection Tracks: ______

Commissural Tracks: ______

Association Tracks: ______

EX:

Basal Nuclei---

Types of functional areas of the Cerebral Cortex:

Sensory cortex:

Primary-----

Association areas-----

Multimodal association areas------

Motor Cortex:

Premotor cortex---

Primary Motor Cortex---

Special Motor Cortex---

Please read and search the rest of the power point to add anything to the chart.

Cognition, Memory, Sensation, Emotion, Senses, Motor Control, Language,

Lateralization---

Brain Structure
System / Region / Facts/Functions:
Cerebrum
(Also called the cerebral cortex) / Frontal Lobe
Pre-frontal Cortex
Broca area
Parietal Lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal Lobe
Wernicke area
Corpus Callosum
Insulata / Important in taste (anorexia?)
Cerebellum / 2 hemispheres
Brainstem / Medulla oblongata
(hind brain)
Pons
Reticular formation
Midbrain
Forebrain(Limbic System) / Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

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