Unit 5 Cell Reproduction Lecture GN 1 slides: 1-35Name: ______
There are differences in the ways and for what purpose organisms reproduce. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes reproduce
Differently!
Remember: Prokaryotes are ______
Eukaryotes are ______
Prokaryotes lack a ______, have a singular ______and only reproduce ______by ______.
Steps in Binary Fission, ASEXUAL: (the ONLY way prokaryotes reproduce)
1. ______
2. DNA and cell ______
3. Each cell divides into ______.
Eukaryotes: have 2 ways to reproduce: Asexually and sexually. Let’s focus on the asexual way first.
Eukaryotes contain a ______
Eukaryotic cells reproduce ASEXUALLY through______.
This type of cell division provides new cells for ______.
The CELL CYCLE OF EUKARYOTES contains many steps:
A cell grows and ______
It divides ______
It divides the cytoplasm to form______.
Please jump to slides 29-35 Lets take a close look at chromosomes before learning about the cell cycle.
Slide 29: Before a cell can divide itself into 2 cells, it must duplicate it’s DNA.
DNA needs to duplicate and ______.
Chromosomes: Are a condensed form of ______.
Chromatin is a threadlike ______
When duplicated it is always paired ______
Label me!
These are images of what chromatin is like before, during and after doubling.
1. Double ______
2. ______
3. Condensed chromatin______
4. Condensed chromatin during interphase. S PHASE where the DNA is duplicated.
5. Super coiled chromatin (now called a chromosome) (or sister chromatids) during Prophase.
Organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes totaling 46
23 from the maternal, and 23 from paternal
In Humans there are 2 types of Chromosomes: Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
Autosomes: ______
Sex Chromosomes: The 23rd pair . In females the sex chromosomes are the ______.
Males have ______
The presence of the Y chromosome is what makes a baby a BOY
Is this the karyotype of a boy or of a girl?
BACK TO CELL CYCLE !! slides 9-28.
There are three main Stages in the cell cycle:
1st Stage:______
Cell growth and ______
2nd Stage: ______
Division of the nucleus
3rd Stage: ______
Division of the cell cytoplasm
Interphase alone has 3 phases: G1, S, and G2
Interphase is 90% of the cell lifetime!!!
Interphase
G1: Growth Phase First ______
Cell increases______
Cell prepares______
S : Synthesis Phase Chromatin is______
Cell now has______
Synthesizing ______
G2: Growth Phase Cell ______
Produces needed ______
“stock piling______
There are check points along this cycle to check that all is working well. There are three main checkpoints:
G1 Cell Growth checkpoint: Occurs towards end of G1 phase
S Synthesis checkpoint: Occurs during S phase
M Mitosis Checkpoint: Occurs during Mitosis
Mitosis
Cell growth and ______.
4 stages of Nuclear Division in this sequence:
4 Stages of MITOSIS
1. ______
2.______
3.______
4.______
The steps of Prophase: chromatin coils tightly and______
Nuclear ______
Nuceolus ______
Centrioles______
Spindle______
The Steps of Metaphase: Spindle fibers form ______
Cell is preparing to ______
Cell aligns its ______
The Steps of Anaphase: Cell ______
Spindle fibers ______
The Steps of Telophase: Separation of sister chromatids completed
Cell______
Cleavage ______
Nucleus and nucleolus reform
** 2 new Nuclei form ______
Chromosomes uncoil______
Mitosis ENDS
Cytokinesis:
Cytoplasm is ______
______
Forms ______
Mitosis and Cytokinesis results in the production of ______
______
All cells undergo the cell cycle EXCEPT for Sperm and Egg cells (reproductive Cells)
Cell Cycle and Mitosis Questions
1.. Prokaryotic organisms include ______, while plants and animals are ______.
2. Describe prokaryotes.______
3. How do bacteria asexually reproduce?______
4. Name a bacterial cell that reproduces by binary fission.______
5. How do eukaryotes asexually reproduce cells?______
6. The stages in the growth and reproduction of a cell are called the ______.
7. List the 5 stages in the cell cycle.______
______.
8. What does G1 stage stand for?______
9. Name two things that happen to a cell during G1?______
10. What is the S stage of the cell cycle?
11. ______instructions are copied in the S phase as ______are duplicated.
12. ______stands for second growth stage.
13. G2 is the time between ______and ______.
14. Cells continue to ______during G2 and to make ______that will be needed for mitosis or cell division.
15. Mitosis or cell division is known as the ______stage.
16. Does a cell continue growing & making proteins in the M phase?______
17. Mitosis means division of the ______.
18. ______makes up the longest part of a cell's life cycle.
19. What happens to cells during interphase?______
______
20. Are chromosomes visible during interphase?______
Mitosis 21. Name the 4 stages of mitosis.______, ______
______, ______
21. Name 2 things that happen to a cell during prophase.______
______
22. Can chromosomes be seen during prophase?______
23. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in humans?______
24. List 3 things that occur during metaphase.______,
______, ______
25. Where are chromosomes located during metaphase of a cell?______
26. What stage occurs after metaphase?______
27 . List 2 things that happen to cells during anaphase.______
______
28. What is the last stage of mitosis?______
29. Where are the two sets of chromosomes located at Telophase?______
30. What two things reform during Telophase?______
31. ______or division of the cytoplasm follows ______, division of the nucleus, and forms ______daughter cells.
32. How do the two, new daughter cells compare to each other?______