Unit 5: A Nation Divided and Rebuilt Pages 457-465
Chapter 15: The Nation Breaking Apart
Section 1: Growing Tensions Between North and South
Section 2: The Crisis Deepens
Before Reading:
(1) The “Main Idea” and “Why it Matters Now” on page 462: Turmoil over slaver led to acts of ______,
and violence can make ______more difficult.
North and South Take Different Paths – Page 457
In the early 1800’s the Northern economy began to develop more industry and commerce (trade). The Southern economy relied more on plantation (2)______. Because of all the immigrants, the North also had a much bigger population, Many canals and (3)______also connected the eastern states and the Northwest Territory. The South developed differently than the North. The South made their money and profits by using (4)______, so they developed very little industry.
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Antislavery and Racism – Page 458
The issue of slavery caused (6)______between the North and South. Some Northerners felt slavery should be (7)______immediately, but others were worried if slaves were freed they might come to the North and take their jobs. Even if they opposed slavery, most Northerners were (8)______. Many whites refused to go to (9)______with, work with, or live near African Americans. Many slaveholders (10)______slavery by claiming white people were superior to blacks. Some said slavery helped slaves by introducing Christianity to them, as well as giving them food, clothing, and shelter.
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Controversy over Territories – Page 459
The Compromise of 1850 – Page 460
By 1848, the nation’s leaders had begun to (12)______about how to deal with slavery in the lands gained from the war with Mexico. Adding new states threatened the (13)______in Congress between North and South. California would soon be a state, and some people even suggested dividing California in half. When California was admitted as a free state, it began to destroy the (14)______of power between the two section.
California could not become a state without the approval of Congress, and they were (15)______over the issue. Statesmen (Congressmen, led by Henry Clay) sought a (16)______. The plan was to:
Admit California as a (17)______state and abolish the slave trade in (18)______/ Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery in any territories won from (19)______There would be stronger laws to recapture (20)______slaves.
They did eventually agree on this plan and called it the (21)______.
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The Fugitive Slave Act – Page 462
The Fugitive Slave Act said runaway slaves could be held without a (23)______, and had no right to a jury trial. And, the commissioner (judge) who decided the case would make twice as much (24)______if he returned the slave to their previous owner. Southerners liked this because they considered slaves to be (25)______. It also required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves. This also meant that there would be slave (26)______roaming the north – looking for these runaway slaves.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Page 463
Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. The book was about a respected older slave named “Uncle Tom”. He had three owners – two who were kind and one who was (28)______. This book was very (29)______in the North. Southerners believed the book (30)______criticized slavery and the South.
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The Kansas – Nebraska Act – Page 463
Bleeding Kansas – Page 464
In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the NebraskaTerritory be divided into two territories – (32)______and ______. He suggested the people of each state should decide the issue of slavery. This would also mean getting rid of the Missouri Compromise, which really angered the opponents of (33)______. This new bill became known as the (34)______, and it turned Kansas into a battleground over slavery.
(35)______slavery and (36)______slavery settlers rushed into the KansasTerritory, just to vote. Five thousand Missourians came in and voted (37)______and Kansas became a proslavery state. Antislavery settlers boycotted the official government and formed their own. There ended up being several attacks between the two sides. One extreme abolitionist (38)______attacked and killed several of his pro-slavery neighbors. The territory soon became known as (39)______.
(40) Pro means: ______
(41) Anti means: ______
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Violence in Congress – Page 465 (also known as “The Sumner / Brooks Affair”)
In May of 1856, Senator Sumner (from Massachusetts) delivered a speech (43)______proslavery forces in Kansas. He even made fun of Senator Butler from South Carolina. Butlers nephew (Preston Brooks) got mad and (44)______Sumner with his own cane. Many Southerners cheered Brooks’ defense of the South. Northerners were shocked at the (45)______that came from Southerners.
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47 and 48. Answer 1 of these 2 questions.Why do you think people felt
so strongly about slavery? / Do you think debates can help solve issues, or do you believe they cause people to get more angry – and why?
Unit 5: A Nation Divided and Rebuilt Pages 466-475
Chapter 15: The Nation Breaking Apart
Section 3: Slavery Dominates Politics
Section 4: Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession
Before Reading
(1) Main Idea – 466: Disagreements over slavery led to the formation of the ______Party.
(2) Why it Matters Now – page 471: The Civil War was the only time in U.S. history that states
______from the Union.
One American’s Story – Page 466
The Republican Party Forms – Page 466
In 1854, antislavery politicians met to form a new political party and called themselves (3)______. This party grew out of problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. When there was no room for a compromise over differences in the party, the party split. These Republicans quickly gained support in the (4)______. Many people blamed the violence in Kansas on the (5)______. Although the Republicans lost the election, they accomplished two things. They showed they were a major force in the North, and they showed the nation was sharply split over (6)______.
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The Case of Dred Scott – Page 467
Dred Scott had been a slave in Missouri, but his owner took him to live in a territory where slavery was (8)______. After he moved back, he argued that he should be a (9)______man because he lived in an anti-slavery state. In a Supreme Court case, it was ruled he was not a U.S. citizen and could not sue for his freedom. It was also ruled that Dred Scott getting his freedom would violate his owners (10)______rights (legally, slaves were property, and not people).
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Lincoln and Douglas Debate – Page 468
In 1858, Abraham (12)______was chosen by the Democrats to run against Stephen Douglas for the U.S. Senate. Lincoln expressed the fear that Southerners wanted to expand slavery to the entire nation. The two men ended up having a series of (13)______across Illinois, where they addressed the nations most pressing issue – slavery. Lincoln did not want to abolish slavery – he only argued that slavery should not be (14)______. Douglas ended up winning, and Lincoln (despite his loss), became a (16)______in the Republican Party.
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John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry – Page 469
In 1859, John Brown had a plan. He wanted to inspire slaves to (16)______for their freedom. Brown and 18 followers (White and Black), captured an arsenal of weapons and tried to rally and arm local slaves. No slaves joined the fight, Brown was captured, and was tried for (17)______and ______. He was convicted and was (18)______. Southerners were enraged with Browns actions to try and arm and free the slaves.
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20 and 21. Answer 1 of these 2 questionsJohn Brown was compared to Moses (freeing his people in the Bible). Compare someone around today to someone from the past who did similar things. / What do you think Lincoln sounded like during his debates? How do you think he wanted to sound
to the people listening to him?
The Election of 1860 – Page 472
The election of 1860 turned into two different races for the presidency, one in the North and one in the South. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas were candidates with support in the North. Lincoln was considered to have an extreme views on (22)______. He opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories. It was a time where the nation was tired of (23)______. (24)______won in the North, and John Breckinridge won many states in the South. Because the North had more people than the South, Lincoln (25)______the election. Many Southerners did not trust him. Many were sure he would try to (26)______slavery. They saw this Republican victory as a threat to the Southern way of life.
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Southern States Secede – Page 473
Even before the election, many Southern states had warned that if Lincoln won, the Southern states would (28)______from the Union. They argued that states had agreed to join the Union and if they wanted to, they had the right to (29)______. By February 1861, 7 states had seceded from the Union and called themselves the (30)______. They named (31)______as their president. They also drew up a constitution, based on the U.S. Constitution. Two differences were the Confederate Constitution supported states rights. It also protected (32)______in the Confederacy. Some people believed that war between the two states could not be avoided.
(33) Secede (secession)means: ______
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The Union Responds to Secession – Page 474
Northerners considered this secession to be (35)______. President Buchanan argued that states did not have the right to withdraw from the Union. Northerners complained Southerners did not want to live by the rules of (36)______and were not willing to live with election results. Southerners complained Northerners were trying to use their majority to force the South to (37)______slavery.
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Efforts to Compromise Fail – Page 475
Some people continued to seek (39)______. But, when the hopes for compromise faded, Americans waited for Lincoln’s (40)______. Lincoln assured the South he had no intention of abolishing slavery there, and he spoke against secession. Lincoln did not want to press the South. He wanted no (41)______, but he would not abandon the government’s property there, including Ft.Sumter in South Carolina. Northerners and Southerners waited (42)______to see what would happen next.
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44/45. Answer 1 of these 2 questionsIn what ways did the beating of
Senator Charles Sumner represent
what was happening in the nation at that time? / If you lived in the South in the 1850’s and
could afford some, do you think you
would have had slaves? Why or why not?
48 and 49. Highlight Lincoln’s victories and defeats
= Victories = Defeats
Unit 5: A Nation Divided and Rebuilt Pages 478-487
Chapter 16: The Civil War Begins
Section 1: War Erupts
Before Reading:
(1) From the picture on pages 478/479, it looks like there were times people might actually ______
some of the battles during the civil war.
First Shots at FortSumter
As Southern states seceded from the Union, President Lincoln had to decide what to do about the federal (2)______that the South had taken over. One fort the North held was (3)______in South Carolina, and they needed supplies. Lincoln told leaders of the Confederacy he was going to send supplies, but they decided to (4)______the fort before the supplies could arrive. In the fighting no one was killed, but the South’s attack on FortSumter was the beginning of the (5)______.
6-8. You’re one of the people in the pictureon pages 478 and 479. Tell me whether you’re from the North or South and what you’re thinking when you see the 1861 attack on FortSumter.Lincoln Calls out the Militia – Page 482
Two days after FortSumter, Lincoln asked for 75,000 militiamen to put down the uprising in the South. In the upper South (sometimes called the border states), state leaders responded with (9)______and said they would supply no troops. As the Southern states seceded, volunteers rushed to (10)______. And, with Virginia on its side, the Confederacy had a much better chance for (11)______. Virginia was also the home of (12)______, a talented military leader. Even though Lee opposed slavery and secession, he said he could not fight against his birthplace, home, and children.
(13) Enlist means: ______
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Choosing Sides – Page 482
Both sides knew that (15)______would play a key role in the war’s outcome (because of their location and resources). Keeping Maryland in the Union was important because that’s where (16)______was located. Maryland eventually stayed in the Union. Kentucky was also important to both sides because of its rivers - which could be used for transportation and as a barrier to invasion. After every state decided, 24 states made up the (17)______and 11 states made up the (18)______.
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Abraham Lincoln – Page 482
Today, Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the (20)______men of all time. But, early in his presidency he was widely criticized and (21)______(made fun of). Critics labeled him (22)______. He eventually gained the respect and affection of Northerners. Even as a youth, Lincoln displayed a gift for public (23)______. He is also known for his writings.
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Strengths and Weaknesses – Page 483
The Union (North) / The Confederacy (South)- Had 22 million people
- Had (25)______of the nations’ factories
- More than (26)______the railroad mileage of the South
- Had almost all the Naval power and (27)______
- Had the best leader: (28)______/ - Had 9 million people
- Had the best (29)______
- Was fighting a (30)______war
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The Confederate Strategy – Page 484
At first, the Confederacy took a (32)______position. It didn’t want to conquer the North – it only wanted to be (33)______. They hoped the North would soon get tired and accept Southern Independence. Because the South had cotton that other countries might be depending on for their own textile mills, the South hoped to get the countries of (34)______and ______to help them, but they didn’t want to get involved. As the war heated up, the South moved away from its cautious plans and began to take the (35)______and try for big victories that would wreck Northern morale.
(36) In a war, the offensive is: ______
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The Union Strategy – Page 484
The North had a plan they called the (38)“______”, where they’d try to smother the Southern economy. This plan called for a (39)______of the South’s coastline. The plan also called for the Union to take control of the Mississippi River, which would split the Confederacy in two. One of the drawbacks of this plan was that it would take time to work. Lincoln also called for an attack on (41)______(the Confederate Capital). The Civil War did take a long time. The side that could hold out the longest was probably going to win. Because of this, the Civil War is sometimes referred to as a (41) ______
Battle of Bull Run – Page 485
One of the first battles to try and take the city of Richmond was near WashingtonD.C. This battle was called The First (42)______. At this battle, a Southern General named Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname (43)______Jackson. The (44)______won the First Battle of Bull Run, and many in the South thought the war was won. The North realized it had (45)______its opponent. Lincolnsent home the militia and called for a real army of (46)______volunteers to fight for 3 years.
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48/49. Discuss with a partner: In the North, people think quite highly of Abraham Lincoln. What might some people think of him in the South (either today or in the 1860’s)?
Unit 5: A Nation Divided and Rebuilt Pages 488-497
Chapter 16: The Civil War Begins
Section 2: Life in the Army
Section 3: No End in Sight
Before Reading
(1) Main idea – page 488: The sides endured many ______serving in the Civil War.
(2) Main idea – page 493: In the first two years of the war, ______side gained a decisive victory
over the other.
Those Who Fought – Page 488
The majority of soldiers in the Civil War were between 18 and 30 years old, but they both had some younger and some older soldiers. About half the soldiers on each side came from (3)______, and many saw this as a possible exciting adventure. There were also some immigrants from other countries. At the beginning of the war, (4)______wanted to fight, but neither side accepted them. Later on, the (5)______did accept African Americans. Native Americans served on (6)______sides. There were several reasons 2 million Northerners and 1 million Southerners signed up to fight.
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Turning Civilians into Soldiers – Page 489
Volunteers were sent to camps for training. Soldiers lived in (8)______. The soldiers training had a set schedule, with several (9)______every day. New recruits were given uniforms: (10)______for the Union and usually (11)______for the Confederates. Early in the war soldiers received clothing and shoes of very poor (12)______. Because they didn’t always get supplies, they sometimes would take clothing and shoes from the dead after a battle. At first, most soldiers received plenty of food, but later in the war and while they were in the field, many soldiers went (13)______.
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15 and 16. Answer 1 of these 2 questionsWhat would be 2 similar characteristics between someone wanting to fight in the Civil War and someone wanting to fight in a war today? / Even if they heard it was horrible at times to be a soldier, why would so many men volunteer to fight in the Civil War?
Hardships of Army Life – Page 490
Civil War camps were filthy, and so were the soldiers. They often went (17)______without bathing or washing their clothes. Poor hygiene resulted in widespread (18)______. Most soldiers had chronic (19)______caused by contaminated water or food. At that time people did not know that (20)______cause diseases. Doctors wouldn’t even wash their hands or their instruments.
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Changes in Military Technology – Page 491
While camp life was rough, military technology (22)______. Battle tactics changed and casualties soared. New bullets were used that could shoot further and more accurately. There were even warships covered with iron, called (23)______that were improvements over wooden ships. Despite this new technology, (24)______side gained a decisive victory in the first two years of the war.
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One American’s Story– Page 493