Unit 4 Biology
Importance of DNA and RNA in Heredity
Guiding Questions
1. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
2. What is DNA?
3. What is RNA?
4. What are nucleotides composed of?
5. What is a base?
6. What are the two types of bases?
7. What is the difference between the two?
8. Why is the phosphate group important?
9. What is the difference between the sugar group in RNA and DNA?
10. What is a nucleoside?
11. What is a nucleotide?
12. What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?
13. Who devised the model for the structure of DNA?
14. What did Chargraff’s ratios tell us?
15. What is a purine always paired with?
16. What does uracil do?
17. What is mRNA and what does it do?
18. What is tRNA and what does it do?
19. What is rRNA and what does it do?
20. What is snRNA and what does it do?
21. What direction is the genetic code read in?
22. What does a group of three nucleotides code for?
23. How is the mRNA sequence read?
24. What would happen if DNA was damaged?
25. How could DNA be exposed to damage in the cytoplasm?
26. Why is RNA a suitable messenger?
27. Why must chromosomal DNA be replicated prior to cell division?
28. What are the steps in DNA replication?
29. What is a replication complex?
30. What is the origin of replication?
31. What is the job of helicase?
32. What is the job of DNA gyrase?
33. Why do we refer to a replication bubble?
34. What does DNA polymerase III do?
35. Why do we need primase?
36. How does the leading strand elongate?
37. How does the lagging strand elongate?
38. What does DNA polymerase I do?
39. What does DNA ligase do?
40. Why is DNA replication said to be semi-conservative?
41. How does the process of transcription begin?
42. What enzyme catalyzes transcription?
43. What does splicing do to pre-mRNA?
44. Why is a cap added to mRNA?
45. Why is a poly-A tail added to mRNA?
46. How is transcription in eukaryotes different to in prokaryotes?
47. How does mRNA exit the nucleus?
48. What codon begins protein synthesis?
49. What is the job of tRNA?
50. How does translation end?
51. Why are different cells in your body able to perform different functions and change throughout your lifespan?
52. What are some of the ways in which gene expression can be regulated?
53. What is a UPE?
54. What is an enhancer?
55. How can some genes be permanently inactivated?
56. What role does post-transcriptional modification play in gene regulation?
57. What role does translation play in gene regulation?
58. What role does protein activity play in gene regulation?
59. What are some other factors in environment of a cell that may influence the expression of a gene?
60. How is the lac operon (b galactosidase gene) regulated?