Unit 3 Lesson 2 the Rock Cycle Notes
UNIT 3 LESSON 2 – THE ROCK CYCLE NOTES
(PAGES 154 – 165)
1. ______– is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals that may also include organic matter.
2. Rocks are always changing. People study rocks to learn how areas have ______through time.
3. Natural processes make and destroy rock. They change each type of rock into other ______of ______.
4. The processes that change rock:
a. ______– breaks down rock into fragments
b. ______- fragments of rocks
c. ______– sediment is moved from one place to another.
d. What are the four most common erosion agents?
1.______2.______3. ______4.______
e. ______– sediment comes to rest
f. Temperature and pressure – As pressure increases with depth beneath Earth’s surface, so does
______
5. Buried rock under high temperature and pressure can change into a ______rock.
6. If a rock gets hot enough it will turn into ______( or magma).
______– molten rock deep under the surface
______- molten rock that reaches the surface
7. Rock is classified based on how and where it forms.
1.______- formed from molten rock that cools
2. ______- formed from solutions or sediments that get presses and cemented.
3. ______- formed when pressure, temperature or chemical processes change rock.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
8. Sedimentary rock are composed of ______formed from ______or
______from older rock.
9. Sedimentary rock forms in two ways.
a. The weight from ______presses down on the layers of minerals or sediment.
b. When ______dissolved in ______solidify between sediment pieces
and ______them together.
10. Sedimentary rocks are named according to the ______and ______of fragments they contain.
Sandstone is made of ______.
Limestone – made primarily of the mineral ______.
Conglomerate – made form rounded pebbles cemented together.
Shale – made form clay particles cemented together.
IGNEOUS ROCK
11. Igneous rock forms from cooling ______and ______.
12. As the magma or lava ______and becomes ______, the minerals ______
and ______
13. The ______the cooling takes the ______time the crystals have to grow and the bigger they will get.
a. ______– rock that forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface (example: granite – most common intrusive rock, coarse- grained)
b. ______– rock that forms more quickly when lava cools on Earth’s surface (example: basalt – most common extrusive rock, fine- grained)
14. Rock that cools the fastest on the surface cool so quickly that crystals do not form. They are called glassy or no crystals rocks. (examples: obsidian, glassy or pumice, no grained)
METAMORPHIC ROCK
15. Metamorphic rocks form when ______and
______change the ______and
______content of the rock.
16. Metamorphic rock can be changed in four ways.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Example: Gneiss - forms at very high temperature and pressure and made from bands of light and dark minerals
THE ROCK CYCLE
17. Any of the three rock types can be ______into another of the three
______.
18. Rocks may follow ______pathways in the cycle.
19 The four factors that could change the identity of the rock.
1.
2.
3.
4.
20. Where the rock is ______on the tectonic plate and weather the rock is at Earth’s
______also influence how it ______and
______.
21. Tectonic plate motions can ______rock around.
22. Rock that was ______Earth’s surface may become ______to
wind and rain. ______or ______may be ______.
Rock can also be changed into ______rock by ______
plate collisions because of increased ______and ______.
What motions can tectonic plates make?
23. There are two types of vertical movement in Earth’s crust.
______is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations. This increases the erosion rate.
______is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevation.
24. There is also a pulling apart motion.
______is an area where a set of deep cracks form. This is common between tectonic plates that are pulling apart.
As they pull apart, blocks of crust in the center of the rift zone fall and the pressure on the buried rock is less.
This decrease in ______allows rock below Earth’s surface to ______.
As the ______rises, it is partially ______and forms
______.
The molted rock can cool below or above Earth’s surface.