UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE – Cells and Cell Transport

CELL TRANSPORT:

PASSIVE TRANSPORT (NO ENERGY needed):

  • Diffusion: movement of molecules from HIGH to LOW concentrations
  • Osmosis: diffusion of WATER through SEMI-PERMEABLE membrane
  • Facilitated Diffusion: needs a PROTEIN

ACTIVE TRANSPORT (requires ENERGY)

  • Endocytosis: Large materials moving INTO the cell
  • Exocytosis: Large materials moving OUT of the cell

CELLS AND ORGANELLES:

  • Prokaryotes: have NO NUCLEUS
  • Prokaryotes are BACTERIA
  • Eukaryotes: have a nucleus (and membrane organelles)
  • Eukaryotes are animal, plant, fungi and protista (unicellular eukaryotes) cells
  • Plant cells: have a cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplast and a rectangular shape.
  • ORGANELLES: Know their picture, name and function! See your table in your notes or use your flashcards made in class.
  • Cell Theory:
  • All living things are made of cells
  • All cells must come from cells
  • The smallest living thing is a cell

CELL TRANSPORT THROUGH THE MEMBRANE:

ORGANELLE /

STRUCTURE

/

FUNCTION

/ PICTURE
Cell Membrane / outer boundary that surrounds the cell
Bi-layer of proteinsphospholipids / SELECTIVELY permeable:
CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL /
Cell Wall / RIGID STRUCTURE
Structure outside plasma membrane
Made of cellulose (in plants) / STRUCTURE and SUPPORT /
Nucleus / Large membrane bound organelle /
  • Controls cell activities
  • Contains the genetic code
/
Nuclear membrane/ Envelope / Lipid bilayercontaining many openings (pores) / Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
Pores allow material to enter and leave the nucleus /
Chromatin / “Unwound” chromosomes (DNA) / Instructions “genetic code”
for producing all of the body’s proteins /
Nucleolus /
  • Spherical body found in the nucleus
/
  • Produces RIBOSOMES
/
Cytoplasm / Made up of the CYTOSOL
(jelly/liquid within the cell) and all of the organelles / Site of chemical reactions
(breaking down organic molecules) /
Cytoskeleton /
  • Network of protein filaments
/
  • Support and SHAPE
/
Ribosome / Tiny ”Packets” of mRNA
Made up of a large and a small subunit / Site of protein synthesis
“protein factory of the cell” /
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER) / Connects to nuclear membrane
Membrane vesicles covered with ribosomes / Adds materials to the forming protein /
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER) / Vesicles NOT covered with RIBOSOMES / synthesis of LIPIDS and CARBOHYDRATES
transports large molecules around the cell /
Golgi Apparatus / stacks of membranes and sacs
Found near R.E.R. / PACKAGES protein for export
“post office”, labeling directions /
Lysosome / found in cytoplasm of cells / Storage of DIGESTIVE enzymes (for digesting food or worn out cell parts)
RECYCLES/CLEANS cells /
Mitochondria / Double membrane / Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
PRODUCTION OF ENERGY /
Centrioles / Barrel-shaped made up of 9 microtubules / Helps with cell division /
Vacuole / Membrane bound organelle
Large in PLANTSvery small in animals / STORAGE of digestive enzymes, wastes and water /
Chloroplast / Found plants / Site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS /
Cilia/
Flagella / Short/long projections of microtubules / Cell Movement /