Unit 2: Classical Greeks

Complete the following:

1)Label the following - Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Crete, Egypt, Italy, Sicily, Persia, Macedonia, Thrace.(p.137)

2)What was “Greece” NOT in ancient times? (p.123)

3)Why were the sea and trade so important to the Greeks?(p.124)

4)Because the Greece lands were not able to support a large population, what were the Greeks motivated to do?

There are four early Greek Cultures we want to focus.

5)The Mycenaean’s capital city was ______and was located on steep ridge surrounded by a______, which is also known as a ______city. It was ruled by a ______-king.

6)The Mycenaean’s learned the value of ______from the ______, as well as the adapted their ______and influenced things like ______. (p.125)

7)Another culture on the Anatolia peninsula, ______, was thought to be a myth. The tale stated that a woman, ______, was kidnapped by the Mycenaean’s fought a ten year war with them and won with the use of a surprise attack. The story was confirmed from the help of archeologist ______in the 1870’s.

8)Not long after the Trojan War, another group the ______, came into the war-torn countryside and seized control. Under this group the ______collapsed, ______came to a stand still and there are no ______for 400 years.

9)Hundreds of years later, we learned of the story of the Trojan War from ______who is considered the greatest storyteller. He composed epics like ______and the Odyssey. Jason and the Argonauts is believed to have been written at the same time.

10)The Greeks loved stories and developed a rich set of ______about ______through which they sought to understand ______. To the Gods, they attributed human qualities like ______and they also ______and ______with each other. (p.126)

11)By 750 BC, the fundamental or basic political unit was the polis which made up ______

12)Representative governments started to take root especially in ______.

This process took several steps. (p.128)

13)The first step was a nobleman named ______that set up a legal code that ______

______.

14)Next step was with Solon who outlawed ______, organized four ______

______, all citizens could participate in ______, and introduced the legal concept that ______.

15)Lastly was ______who organized citizens by where ______,

allowed all citizens to submit ______, all together his reforms allowed all Athenian citizens to participate in a ______.

16)Another city-state, Spartabuilt a ______. Sparta conquered a neighboring region called Messina and forced them be become helots.

17)Spartan government had several branches. An assembly composed of all ______. A council of Elders proposed laws and the laws were voted on by ______. Five elected officials ______the laws and there were two ______that ruled over ______.

Two city-states stand out during this time period. Complete the chart below comparing the two.

Complete the following:

Athens / Sparta
Education Men / Education Men
Education for Women / Education for Women
Social Classes /Society / Social Classes /Society
Dailey life for Male Citizen / Dailey life for Male Citizen
Dailey life for Female Citizen / Dailey life for Female Citizen
Main Focus of Athenian Society / Main Focus of Spartan Society

The Persian Wars (490-479B.C.) (p.131-133)

The Prosperity of theGreek city-states brought the attention of thefar-reaching Persian Empire.

  1. One important change during this time was the shift from Bronze to ______. It became more common and cheaper therefore making it possible for ordinary citizens to defend themselves and created a new kind of army.
  2. The foot soldiers were called ______. They fought in a fearsome formation called a ______.
  1. The Persian Wars began in ______on the coast of ______. Athens sent ______and ______to help the fight the Persians but the Persian King ______defeated them and vowed to destroy Athens.
  1. In the year ______, a Persian fleet landed with 25,000 men at ______. The 10,000 Athenians charged and in a few hours defeated the ______who lost 6,000 with less than 200 casualties.
  1. Ten years later another Persian force led by ______, sought to destroy Athens.But7000 Greeks including 300 Spartan at the ______pass held off the Persian forces.
  1. Xerxes army pressed on to Athens. Athens evacuated the city in favor of a sea battle. The Persians burnedAthens but Athenian warships were able to defeat the Persian fleet at the battle of ______. Later the Persian army was defeated at the Battle of ______.
  1. As individuals they could not survive but as a combined force the Greeks were to defeat the Persians. The following year the several Greek city-states set up the______.
  1. Later it grew to _____ members and ______emerged as the Delian Leagues leader.The Leagues headquarters moved to Athens and Athens used its military force against ______.
  1. With this new power and wealth Athens had a burst of ______that allowed Athens to enter its ______.

Greek Democracy has a close relationship to the United States

Compare and Contrast with the chart below. (p.134)

Athenian Democracy BothUS Democracy

Complete the following:

  1. In what areas did the Greeks reach new heights during its golden age?
  1. Athens’s leader during much of this time was ______, who lead Athens for ______years by being a skillful ______, inspiring ______, and respected______.

He had three goals as leader of Athens:

Pericles Goal / How was this accomplished;

Athens became known for many great individuals and achievements (p.135-9)

  1. Greatest architectural achievement-
  1. Sculptor who captured the grace and beauty of human body in motion
  1. Great tragedy of Medea was written by
  1. Great comedy of Lysistrata written by
  1. The first history was written by

Philosophy also made advances during this period.

  1. One group, the Sophists led by ______questioned unexamined beliefs and values, as well as existence of the Greek gods and said there was no universal standard of truth.
  1. ______, the most famous Greek said that there was an absolute standard for truth and justice and argued for his life that forcing people to think about their own values and actions was good for them.
  1. One of his students ______, wrote The Republic, started his own school know as the ______which lasted 900 years and was attributed with the quote “Philosophy begins with ______”.
  1. Plato’s student ______questioned the nature of ______invented a method for arguing the ______which provides the basis for ______.
  1. He also taught a famous prince, ______who was the son of King Phillip II of Macedonia.

Peloponnesian Wars431 B.C.-404 B.C.(p.137)

  1. Define/explain the Peloponnesian War-

Even as Athens wealth, prestige and power grew, so did the resentment of other city-states.The two great city-states Sparta and Athens pressed for war because each believed they had the advantage.

  1. The advantage of the Athenians was ______and for Sparta it was ______. ______declared war and Pericles wanted to wait to fight Sparta as sea.
  2. Sparta marched on Athens burning its food supply. Pericles brought all the residents into the city and counted on ______to come from the colonies and foreign states.
  3. But in the second year a ______swept the city killing ______of the population, and a truce was signed.
  4. A few years later, Athens sent a huge fleet to ______that was an ally of Sparta. Athens not only lost but its navy and army.
  5. Although Athens held out a few more years, Athens and its allies finally ______in 404 B.C., thus ending the Golden age of Greece.

Complete the following: (p.142)

1)After the Peloponnesian War, Greek city-states were severely weakened and had lost much of their ______and ______power.

2)A northern mountain kingdom______used its important resource to transform their rugged peasants into ______.

3)Under the leadership of a young King ______, Macedonia was able to defeat ______and end Greek independence under Macedonian rule.

4)Although he had always planned to invade Persia, Phillip II was ______and his son ______proclaimed himself King of Macedonia.

5)Explain why Alexander was well prepared to become the King. (3 things)

6)How did the young king handle the city-state of Thebes’s rebellion?

7)How did Alexander show his skill as a leader at the battles of Granicus River and Issus?

8)Although the King of Persia to negotiate a peace, Alexander chose to conquer Egypt where he was

9)What two military devices did Alexander use against the Persians?

10)What battle ended Persia’s power?

11)How did Hellenistic Scholars made great advances? (who and what)(p.146)

Science and technology / Philosophy and Art

The Roman Republic

Complete the following –

Identify and label the following on the map provided – Europe, Asia, Africa, Egypt, Spain, Britain, Egypt, Italy, Sicily, Macedonia, Athens, Anatolia, Crete, Syria, Judea, Corsica, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Nile River, Tigris River, Euphrates River

The Roman Republic(p.155-)

  1. The Legend of Rome time it’s founding in the year ______by twin sons named ______and ______by the god Mars and a Latin princess. The boys were abandoned and raised by a she-wolf.
  2. Rome the city was built on the hills by the ______River in the middle of the ______Peninsula and was chosen for its ______location and fertile soil.
  3. Three groups inhabited the area and battled for control. These were the ______, ______and the ______. Both Greeks and Etruscans influenced the Latin’s, but it was an ______who became king of the Roman. A series of Etruscan kings constructed many of Rome’s temples and public centers including the famous ______, which is the heart of Roman ______.
  4. In the year ______, Rome drove the last king from power and declared they would never again be ruled by a king and instead established a ______.
  1. At first Rome had two groups struggle for power, the ______and the ______.
  1. Slowly changes were made and the plebeians set up their own assemblies called ______toprotect the rights. One important victory for them was the written law code the ______.
  1. Rome’s government was divided into branches similar to the United States.

Complete the following chart

Branch? / What did it do? / Who was in charge?
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Times of Crisis
  1. Rome sought to expand its territories through ______and ______.(p.158-)
  1. One city, ______, that was former colony of Phoenicia and located on he Northern coast of Egypt, interfered with Rome’s goals.
  1. Rome fought three wars with Carthage collectively known as the ______between the years 264 and 146 BC.
  • First Punic War-______Lost
  • Second Punic War- fought by ______ the Carthaginian general, famous for using elephants to go over Alps but was defeated by the brilliant Roman general ______.
  • Third Punic War- Rome ______to Carthage and won, enslaved its people, set its city on fire, and established Rome’s dominance in the area.

Complete the following: (p.160-)

As the empire grew so did its instability. They had problems with social class struggles and military order.

  1. The republic of Rome became a ______empire.
  2. Slaves made up about ______part of the population who were used as labor on farms and made it difficult for small farmers (many of whom were former ______) to compete.
  3. They were then forced to sell their land and became ______and ______. Although many stayed in countryside to work as seasonal farm help, many went to ______where the others were and became known as the ______, which made of ______of the society of Rome.
  4. Two brothers, ______and ______tried to make changes but were both ______and the country went into a ______.
  5. During the unstable period, military leaders were able to gather troops loyal to their ______and not to Rome.
  6. Three of generals (______, ______, and ______) were able to gain control by becoming the first ______with one ______serving as ______and then as the governor of ______
  7. On his way back from Gaul, ______was told to stop and disband his army by the senate and his rival ______. ______defied the senate and marched his troops across the ______and into Rome. He defeated his rival and with the support of his troops and the ______he was appointed ______for ______.
  8. As ruler, Julius Caesar started many reforms, such as:
  • Granted ______to people in the provinces
  • Created ______for the poor
  • Started ______for people to own land
  • Increased ______

_

  1. Many concerned with his growing ______,______and ______plotted his ______in the senate, where he was brutally ______to death, when he uttered these last words…“______”.
  2. Again ______broke out and a new ______was set up with ______, ______and ______.
  3. They ruled for ten years until jealously and violence ended with Lepidus being forced out, ______siding with his girlfriend ______to take over and rule both Rome and Egypt.
  4. Another civil war resulted in ______defeated the combined forces of ______and ______who both later committed ______.
  5. Octavian became the unchallenged ruler of Rome and accepted the title of ______, and Rome was ruled by one man and ushered in the time known as ______.
  6. He was able to stabilize the ______, glorify Rome with ______, and set of a ______that lasted for centuries.
  7. How did people become slaves in the Roman world?
  1. What role did Roman gods and goddesses’ play?
  1. What was Roman society like?
  1. What did the government do to distract and control the masses?
  1. What ”new” religion spread through Rome during this time? (p.168-)
  1. How did the Romans persecute Christians?
  1. What ruler ended Christian persecution with the Edict of Milan?
  2. What ruler made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire?
  1. Whose rule ended the Pax Romana? (p.173)

Complete the following: (p.174-)

  1. Two rulers tried to make reforms to heal the ailing government:

Complete the chart below with the rulers’ names, reforms and results.

1) Ruler / 2) Ruler
Reforms / Reforms
Results / Results
  1. Complete the chart on the causes of the fall of Rome: (p.174)
  1. How was the Huns part of the immediate cause of the fall of Rome?
  1. Who was Attila The Hun?
  1. ______was the last emperor of the Western Empire.
  2. The ______or eastern empire continued to flourish until taken over by the ______in 1453.

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