UNIT 10 TEST REVIEW
TEKS 5.7B Recognize how landforms such as deltas, canyons, and sand dunes are the result of changes to Earth's surface by wind, water, and ice.
Recognize how landforms are the result of changes to the Earth’s surface including, but not limited to:
· Landforms
· The result of water
o Deltas
o Canyons
o Rock arches
o Sea arches
o Gorges
o Beaches
o Barrier islands
· The result of wind
o Canyons
o Sand dunes
o Rock arches
· The result of ice (glaciers)
o U-shaped valleys
o Fjords
· The result of weathering (breaking down) and erosion (movement)
o Canyon
o Mesa
· The result of deposition (dropping off)
o Delta
o Alluvial fan
· Processes of change (weathering, deposition, erosion)
o Wind
o Water
o Ice
TEKS 5.7D Identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.
Identify
Fossils as evidence of past organisms and the nature of the environments at the time including, but not limited to:
· Types of fossils
o Plant
o Animal
· Nature of environments at the time
o Marine (ocean, seas)
o Fresh water (lakes, rivers, swamps)
o Land-based environments
· Possible examples of land-based environments may include:
o Desert
o Forest
o Tundra
o Taiga
o Grasslands
o Chaparral
o Savanna
o Rainforest
o Alpine
The age of fossils can be determined by the layer of sedimentary rock that they are found in. The oldest fossils will be found much deeper than younger fossils because the oldest layers are formed first, and then newer layers are deposited on top.
MEASUREMENT:
· MASS –
A triple beam balance is the correct instrument to use to measure the mass of an object. You must add up the total of the three sliding bars to get the mass. In the example below, the mass would be 300 + 50 + 4.6 for a total of 354.6.
· LENGTH –
To calculate length, you measure from one end of an object to the other end and see where the end reaches on a ruler.
In the example below, the length is 5.1cm.
Whenever, the object is not lined up with the end of the ruler, you must use subtraction to figure out the length. You find the two endpoints of the object and where each end is on the ruler. Then, you subtract the two endpoints. In the example below, the two endpoints are 3cm and 7.4cm. If you subtract 3 from 7.4, the difference is 4.4cm which is the length of the object.
· VOLUME –
When using a graduated cylinder, the liquid will often have a curved appearance. To correctly measure the volume of the liquid, you must get eye level with it and look for the bottom part of the curve. This is the correct volume of the liquid. In the example below, the volume would be 67mL.
To find the volume of an object, you must first find the volume of the liquid without the object. Then, add the object to the liquid and see what the new measurement is in the beaker or graduated cylinder. Subtract the first measurement from the second measurement, and this will give you the volume of the object.
Volume 2 (with object added)
- Volume 1 (without object)
Volume of object
65mL- 40mL = 25mL
VOCABULARY:
· Boulder – a large rock, typically one that has been worn smooth by erosion
· Canyon – a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it
· Delta – a triangular area of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river where it meets the ocean
· Deposition– process by which weathered and eroded material is deposited by wind, water, and ice
· Elevation – height above a given level, especially sea level
· Environment– all of the living and non-living elements in a particular (geographic) area
· Erosion– the movement of weathered material by wind, water, or ice (e.g. glaciers)
· Evidence– facts or other information supporting a claim or proposition
· Extinction– death of an entire species
· Fossil– impression, track, remains, or other evidence of an ancient organism formed in sedimentary rocks
· Fossilized – preserved to become a fossil
· Glacier – a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles
· Imbedded – fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.
· Landform– a physical structure on Earth that occurs naturally
· Landscape – all the visible features of an area of countryside or land
· Model– a picture, idea, or object that represents an object, a system, or process and is used to help with understanding; models have advantages and limitations
· Organism– a living thing that grows, reproduces, responds to its environment, and can function on its own
· Prehistoric– the time (or period) prior to recorded history
· Sand dune – a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans
· Species – a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals
· Weathering– process by which exposed rock is broken down by rain, frost, wind, or other elements of weather