Exam 2 Topics

Exam 2 may be moved until Monday (3/3).

Topics include material covered on or before 2/24/03 (today)

Atomic Theory

·  Quantum Model:

o  Valence electrons (outer shell, ignore d electrons), atoms ionized to get to full valence/octet, noble gas configuration

o  Groups, Lewis Dot for atoms, halogen= ns2np5

Bonding

·  Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Polar Covalent Bonds

·  Lewis dot structure of elements & ions

·  Don't worry about octet exceptions

·  Electronegativity (EN) values will be given, know how to use them.

·  Know EN cutoffs for bond type. Remember H is an exception

Lewis Structures

·  Official Lewis steps (1-5). Know the steps.

·  Extra Lewis structure rules: 2+ carbons form chains, H never in center, H on O if possible

·  Similarity between ClO4- and BrO4-

Nomenclature

·  Element names, symbols (remember HONClBrIF)

·  Funny elements, e.g. Potassium (K)

·  Prefixes (mono-, di-, tri- … up to 10)

·  Naming non-metal diatomic compound:

o  Prefix-1st element <space> prefix-2nd element root-ide

o  Elements in alphabetical order

·  Element ions

o  Metals: add “ion” to name

o  Group 5A – 7A (non-metals): add –ide to element root + space + ion

Unit D

·  Molecular Geometry:

o  3-D repulsion idea, electron pairs or bonds are a “stick”

o  Linear, Trigonal planar, Tetrahedral

·  Polarity

o  Bond dipoles -> molecular dipoles

o  Draw H2O with bond dipoles, determine net dipole

Bond & molecular dipoles for CH4, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4

Unit N

·  Oxyanions:

o  5 to know

o  system {per-ate, -ate, -ite, hypo-ite, -ide}

o  system for acids

·  Ionic compounds: balance charge to make them neutral

·  Common chemicals: familiar ones from lecture examples

·  2 non-metal compounds (N2O dinitrogen monoxide)

·  Multiple charges for Cu & Fe (cuprous, cupric, copper(I), copper(II) ions, same for Fe (II, III)).

·  Procedure & bottom of pg. N.18

·  Complex Ions:

o  Cations: NH4+ = ammonium ion

o  anions: oxyanions, CN- cyanide ion, OH- hydroxide ion, CH3COO- acetate ion

Unit C

·  Measurement, dimensions, metric units

·  Scientific Notation

·  Significant Figures

·  Temperature (°C, °F, K – use formulas (given on exam) to convert)

·  Density = mass/volume, will something float?

Skills

·  Find # of valence electrons for an element.

·  Draw Lewis dots for an atom or ion.

·  Determine formula of an ionic compound (given Al & Cl, come up with AlCl3)

·  Determine polarity of a bond based on electronegativity.

·  Draw Lewis structure (follow the 5 steps)

·  Name an element, determine the elemental formula (HONClBrIF)

·  Name a diatomic compound.

·  Name metal ions, non-metal ions.

·  Calculations, etc.