Today We Are Going to Be Looking at the Formation of Earth and the Oceans, Information

Name:

Period:

CP- Chapter 1

DO NOW #1

•Today we are going to be looking at the formation of earth and the oceans, information about each ocean, and where the major oceans and seas are located.

•From the first day, what areas of science are we using today? (biology, chemistry, physics, geology, geography, astronomy)

EQ: 1. ______

2. ______

Oceanography

•Oceanography is the ______

•To do this, we need to use many different sciences.

•Often times, the knowledge of multiple sciences is needed to see how each aspect works together.

•______

–Marine life, Adaptations, fisheries

•______

–Seawater composition, Pollutants, Density, temperature changes

•______

–Waves, currents, pressure changes, light, sound

•______

–Plate tectonics, sediments, coastlines

•______

–World climates, wind belts, current systems

•______

–Formation of earth, origins of oceans, tidal cycles and forces

Formation of Earth and the Solar System

•Nebular hypothesis – all bodies in the solar system formed from nebula

–______= cloud of gases and space dust

•Mainly hydrogen and helium

–______concentrates material at center of cloud (Sun)

–Protoplanets form from smaller concentrations of matter (eddies)

•______- our early earth

–Larger than Earth today

–______composition

–Bombarded by meteorites

•Moon formed from collision with large asteroid

–Radioactive heat

•Spontaneous breaking apart of ______

•Releases heat ______

•Means protoearth was HOT HOTHOT!

–Gravity pulls matter towards the center of the earth, contracting the matter

–Earth is heated from the extra pressure from contraction

–This makes Protoearth partially melt (lots of lava)

•______(layered Earth)

–High density = heavy for its size

–Early Earth experienced gravitational separation.

•______density materials (Iron and Nickel) settled in ______.

•Less dense materials formed concentric spheres around core.

•Least dense gases left the earth to begin to form the ______

Earth’s Internal Structure

Layers defined by:

•Chemical composition

•Physical properties

•Layers by Chemical Composition

–______

•Low-density, mainly silicate minerals

–______

•Mainly iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) silicate minerals

–______

•High-density, mainly iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni)

Origin of Earth’s Atmosphere

•______– occurred during density stratification

•Less dense gases drift up into the atmosphere

–Water vapor

–Carbon dioxide

–Hydrogen

–Other gases

•Earth’s early atmosphere different from today

–Lacks ______, would be toxic to us now

Origin of Earth’s Oceans

•Outgassed water vapor fell as rain.

•The first permanent oceans formed ______years ago.

•Salinity developed from dissolved rock elements.

–Early ______dissolved more crustal minerals than today.

Life’s Possible Ocean Origins

•Earth’s earliest known life forms are 3.5-billion-year-old bacteria fossilized in ocean rocks.

•These are the building blocks for life on early Earth.

•There is no direct evidence of early Earth’s environment.

The Beginning….

•The world ocean is the most prominent feature on Earth.

•Oceans cover ______% of Earth’s surface.

•The origin and development of life on Earth is connected to the ocean.

•The oceans have a long history on Earth.

Earth’s Oceans

•Earth has ______ocean.

•It is divided into four principle oceans, and one other ocean zone .

–Pacific Ocean- Atlantic Ocean

–Indian Ocean- Arctic Ocean

–Southern, or Antarctic Ocean

•Ocean Info
a) oceans cover 70.8% of the earth
b) of the major oceans, the ______is the biggest
c) the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are around the same ______. The Arctic is much ______.
d) the oceans are deeper than the land is tall.

Comparing Oceans to Continents

•Average ocean depth is ______(12,234 feet)

•Average continental elevation is 840 meters (2756 feet)

•Deepest ocean trench is the Mariana Trench at 11,022 meters (36,161 feet)

•Highest continental mountain is Mt. Everest at 8850 meters (29,935 feet)

Earth’s Oceans

•Pacific Ocean

–World’s largest ocean

•Accounts for more than ______of Earth’s ocean space

–World’s ______ocean

–Earth’s largest geographic feature

–Named in 1520 by Ferdinand Magellan for his peaceful journey across it.

•Atlantic Ocean

–______the size of the Pacific Ocean

–Shallower than the Pacific Ocean

–Named after Atlas, the Greek Titan

•Indian Ocean

–Smaller than the Atlantic Ocean

–Similar depth as the Atlantic Ocean

–Primarily in the ______Hemisphere

•Arctic Ocean

–Seven percent the size of the Pacific Ocean

–______world ocean

–______layer of sea ice a few meters thick

•Southern Ocean or Antarctic Ocean

–Circumnavigates Antarctica

–Is really the parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans that lie south of 50° S latitude

The Seven Seas

•______and ______than oceans

•Salt water

•Usually enclosed by land

–Exception: Sargasso Sea defined by surrounding ocean currents

•Directly connected to the ocean

•Before the 15th Century, Europeans considered the seven seas to be the following:

–Red Sea

–Mediterranean Sea

–Persian Gulf

–Black Sea

–Adriatic Sea

–Caspian Sea

–Indian Ocean

•Now that the oceans have been explored further (and we know we are not going to fall off the edge of the earth) there are many more than 7 seas.

Homework Questions:

1. What ocean is the:

–Deepest? ______

–Shallowest?______

–Largest?______

–Smallest?______

2. Name the 5 major ocean basins.

3. What is the difference between an ocean and a sea?

4. Collections of gas and dust in space are called a ______.

5. The oceans were formed from thousands of years of ______.

6. The oceans became salty from dissolving rock because they were ______.

7. The two ways to divide the earth are through ______and ______.

8. The earliest life on earth was ______.

9. The rate of geologic changes (geologic time) is ______.