Titration of Strong Acid with Strong Base:

Answer the following questions in complete sentences….

  1. Explain the relationship in the graph….explain what is going on in the graph.
  2. Where is the area of highest [H+]?
  3. Where is the area of lowest pH?
  4. Where is the area of lowest [H+]?
  5. Where is the area of highest [OH-]?
  6. Draw a point on the graph. Calculate the [H+], [OH-], and pOH.
  7. As the pH increases, what happens to the [H+]?
  8. Why is the pH going up at the beginning?
  9. Write the reaction: NaOH + HCl….What kind of reaction is this?

Titrations: Acid-base reactions involve the neutralization of acidic solutions with basic solutions. A titration is a technique used by chemists to determine the concentration of unknown acids. Using a basic solution of known concentration, chemists can experimentally determine the concentration of a sample of unknown strong acid.

Experiment: Standardized NaOH is added slowly to the solution until the indicator just begins to turn and remain pink. A good titration should leave a solution with a very light pink color.

  1. What is the main purpose of a titration?
  2. The indicator, phenolphthalein, turns pink when a solution is acidic or basic?
  3. Why is it important to stop a titration when the solution is only beginning to change color?
  4. What is one way you could get a solution to return to its colorless state?
  5. What does “equivalence point” mean?
  6. Place a circle on the equivalence point on the graph.
  7. What is the pH at the equivalence point?
  8. Is the solution acidic or basic after the equivalence point? How do you know?
  9. Why do you think the pH “levels off” at the end? (Or, why does the pH stop changing at the end?)
  10. Predict what a titration curve would look like if you were adding a strong acid to a strong base. Think about where the pH would start and end.

Weak Acid with Strong Base

Answer the following questions in complete sentences….

  1. How is a Strong Acid different than a Weak Acid?
  2. What is the initial pH of the Strong Acid (first graph)? What is the initial pH of the Weak Acid?
  3. Write the reaction for what is happening at the initial pH for each reaction.
  4. Are conjugate bases more important in this graph or the first graph?
  5. What do conjugate bases do in the solution? (Hint: Look at the beginning of the graph)
  6. Write the balanced chemical reaction: NaOH + HC2H3O2
  7. At the equivalence point, we made H2O and what….(from #5)
  8. How does the answer to #6 break into ions?
  9. What happens when C2H3O2- is added to water? (write the reaction)
  10. Is C2H3O2- an acid or a base? How do you know?
  11. At the equivalence point, is the pH acidic or basic? Why?

ACID RAIN

1. What gases causes acid rain? Where do these gases come from?

2. What are the effects of acid rain on the environment?

3. Name at least 2 ways of lowering our amount of acid rain.

Let’s Practice!

1. Find the [H+] for solutions having the following [OH-]

a)[OH-] = 1x10-13Mb) [OH-] = 2.7x10-4Mc) [OH-] = 1x10-3Md) [OH-] = 6.3x10-10M

2. Find the [OH-] for solutions having the following [H+]

a) [H+] = 1x10-13Mb) [H+] = 3.6x10-5Mc) [H+] = 1x10-2Md) [H+] = 7.8x10-8M

3. A solution contains 0.635 g NaOH in a 236 mL solution.

a) Write the equation for the dissociation of NaOH into ions.

b.) What is the [OH-]?

c.) What is the [H+]?

4. A solution contains 0.737 g HNO3 in 934 mL solution.

a) Write the equation for the dissociation of NaOH into ions.

b.) What is the [H+]?

c.) What is the [OH-]?

5. Classify each of the following as acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of each item is also listed.

a) tomatoes: 4.2b) eggs: 7.8c) soil: 5.5d) milk: 6.4

e) ammonia: 11.0f) bleach: 12.0g) tap water: 7.2h) lye (NaOH):14

6. Are the following solutions acidic, neutral, or basic? (Find the pH)

a) [H+] = 1x10-8Ma) [H+] = 7.3x10-1Ma) [OH-] = 4.9x10-6M

7. Name each of the following acids and bases:

a) HClb) HNO3c) H2SO4d) H2CO3

e) NaOHf) KOHg) HC2H3O2i) Mg(OH)2

Answers: 0.1 8.7 3.7x10-11 0.14 1.0x10-11 0.0125 1.6x10-5 0.1 8x10-13 2.8x10-10 1.0x10-12 8 1.3x10-13 0.067 1.5x10-13

Let’s Practice!

1. Find the [H+] for solutions having the following [OH-]

b)[OH-] = 1x10-13Mb) [OH-] = 2.7x10-4Mc) [OH-] = 1x10-3Md) [OH-] = 6.3x10-10M

2. Find the [OH-] for solutions having the following [H+]

a) [H+] = 1x10-13M b) [H+] = 3.6x10-5M c) [H+] = 1x10-2Md) [H+] = 7.8x10-8M

3. A solution contains 0.635 g NaOH in a 236 mL solution.

a) Write the equation for the dissociation of NaOH into ions.

b.) What is the [OH-]?

c.) What is the [H+]?

4. A solution contains 0.737 g HNO3 in 934 mL solution.

a) Write the equation for the dissociation of NaOH into ions.

b.) What is the [H+]?

c.) What is the [OH-]?

5. Classify each of the following as acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of each item is also listed.

a) tomatoes: 4.2b) eggs: 7.8c) soil: 5.5d) milk: 6.4

e) ammonia: 11.0f) bleach: 12.0g) tap water: 7.2h) lye (NaOH):14

6. Are the following solutions acidic, neutral, or basic? (Find the pH)

a) [H+] = 1x10-8Ma) [H+] = 7.3x10-1Ma) [OH-] = 4.9x10-6M

7. Name each of the following acids and bases:

a) HClb) HNO3c) H2SO4d) H2CO3

e) NaOHf) KOHg) HC2H3O2i) Mg(OH)2

Answers: 0.1 8.7 3.7x10-11 0.14 1.0x10-11 0.0125 1.6x10-5 0.1 8x10-13 2.8x10-10 1.0x10-12 8 1.3x10-13 0.067 1.5x10-13

Extra Credit

In complete sentences, answer the following questions. Please do not forget to give a citation for where you got the information. This is due with your Composition Book Round 3.

pH TESTING

1. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a swimming pool?

2. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a fish aquarium?

3. What types of chemicals/supplies come with pH test kits?

4. How does one adjust the pH of a pool or aquarium if it's too basic or acidic?

CAVE FORMATION

1. What type of mineral (rock) are Missouri caves made of?

2. How are caves formed?

3. How do stalagmites form?

KIDNEY STONES

1. How are kidney stones formed in the body?

2. What is the most common chemical that kidney stones are made of?

3. What is the treatment for kidney stones?

4. What is the range of sizes of kidney stones?

Extra Credit

In complete sentences, answer the following questions. Please do not forget to give a citation for where you got the information. This is due with your Composition Book Round 3.

pH TESTING

1. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a swimming pool?

2. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a fish aquarium?

3. What types of chemicals/supplies come with pH test kits?

4. How does one adjust the pH of a pool or aquarium if it's too basic or acidic?

CAVE FORMATION

1. What type of mineral (rock) are Missouri caves made of?

2. How are caves formed?

3. How do stalagmites form?

KIDNEY STONES

1. How are kidney stones formed in the body?

2. What is the most common chemical that kidney stones are made of?

3. What is the treatment for kidney stones?

4. What is the range of sizes of kidney stones?

Extra Credit

In complete sentences, answer the following questions. Please do not forget to give a citation for where you got the information. This is due with your Composition Book Round 3.

pH TESTING

1. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a swimming pool?

2. Why is it necessary to test the pH of a fish aquarium?

3. What types of chemicals/supplies come with pH test kits?

4. How does one adjust the pH of a pool or aquarium if it's too basic or acidic?

CAVE FORMATION

1. What type of mineral (rock) are Missouri caves made of?

2. How are caves formed?

3. How do stalagmites form?

KIDNEY STONES

1. How are kidney stones formed in the body?

2. What is the most common chemical that kidney stones are made of?

3. What is the treatment for kidney stones?

4. What is the range of sizes of kidney stones?