Tim S Bio 17 Homework Assignments

Tim’s Bio 17 Homework Assignments

Assignment #1 (Chapters 4&5)

Chapter 4 – Learning

1) What is phenotypic plasticity?

2) What is the difference between sensitization and habituation?

3) Explain what Classical Conditioning is? Who is it named after?

4) Explain how blocking, overshadowing, and latent inhibition effect learnability?

5) What is Operant Conditioning? Who is it named after?

6) Why might it be important for animals to be able to learn?

7) What type of things might an animal learn and why?

Chapter 5 – Cultural Transmission

8) What is Imo and why is she important in animal behavior?

9) Why is cultural transmission important?

10) What is the difference between local enhancement and social facilitation?

11) Describe the three modes of Cultural Transmission and how they are different.

Unit 1 – Study Guide

Be sure to study the figures and diagrams presented in lecture. Know what behavior is demonstrated and the animal involved. Make sure you can answer the homework questions. Essay questions will be very similar (but not necessarily exact) to homework questions. Be sure to know these words/terms!: Ethology, Proximate analysis, Ultimate analysis, xenophobia, artificial selection, natural selection, phenotype, genotype, allele, fitness, adaptation, Phenotypic Plasticity, San Diego Wild Animal Park, sensitization, habituation, Pavlov, Skinner, Thorndike, Classical Conditioning, Conditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response, appetitive stimulus, aversive stimulus, excitatory conditioning, inhibitory conditioning, blocking, overshadowing, latent inhibition, operant conditioning, Imo, Cultural Transmission, Local Enhancement, Social Facilitation, Social Learning, Bandura, “Bobo” doll, imitation, copying, Teaching, Vertical Cultural Transmission, Horizontal Cultural Transmission, Oblique Cultural Transmission, Beaching, Sponging

Assignment #2 (Chapters 8&9)

Chapter 8 - Kinship

1) What is the difference between fitness and inclusive fitness?

2) Explain the equation (Hamilton’s Rule) on page 268.

3) Calculate the coefficient of relatedness between a nephew and their uncle. Show your work and circle your final answer.

4) Explain why superb fairy wren’s act as helpers-at-the-nest.

5) What is the parent-offspring conflict? Explain why it exists in terms of the coefficient of relatedness.

6) What is sibling rivalry and when is most likely to exist?

Chapter 9 – Cooperation

1) What is cooperation?

2) What are the four pathways to cooperation? Briefly explain each.

3) Describe the prisoner’s dilemma. What characteristics have to be in place for it to exist (explain T>R>P>S)?

4) Explain what Tit-for-Tat is?

5) Explain what a coalition is and give an example.

Unit 2 – Study Guide

Be sure to study the figures and diagrams presented in lecture. Know what behavior is demonstrated and the animal involved. Make sure you can answer the homework questions. Essay questions will be very similar (but not necessarily exact) to homework questions. . Be sure to know these words/terms!: Kinship, Altruism, Group Selection, Wynn-Edwards, Hamilton, Hamilton’s Rule, Inclusive Fitness, rb-c > 0, Stephen Emlen, Haplodiploid, Parent-Offspring Conflict, Parental Investment, Monogamous, Polyandrous, Sibling Rivalry, Kin Recognition, Cooperation, Reciprocity, Reciprocal Altruism, Prisoners Dilemma, Tit-for-Tat, Always Defect, Alternate, Game Theory, Robert Trivers, T,R,P,S, Evolutionary Stable Strategy, Byproduct Mutualism, Group Selection, Coalitions, Alliances, First-order, Second-order, Interspecific mutualism

Assignment #3 (Chapters 13)

Chapter 13 – Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Migation

1) What is the difference between a home range and a territory?

2) What is the ideal free distribution? In the real world, what might be some problems with the ideal free distribution?

3) Why do animals defend territories? Is it always food related?

4) Why do some animals migrate?

5) When migrating, how do animals “know” what direction to go?

Assignment #4 (Chapters 17)

Chapter 17 – Animal Personalities and Sociobiology

1) In animal behavior, what do the terms “boldness” and “shyness” mean?

2) Explain what is being demonstrated in figure 17.7 of your textbook.

3) How many personalities traits do Hyenas have?

4) Explain the use of the terms “fast” and “slow” in describing great tit birds.

Other Chapters (Sociobiology)

5) (Chapter 9) What is the field of neuroeconomics? What do fMRI studies show of people playing the prisoner’s dilemma?

6) (Chapter 8) Explain figure 8.13 in your text book.

7) (Chapter 8) Examine figure 8.20 in your text book. Why do you think both studies show a large drop off in victims after the age of 4 or 5?

Unit 3 – Study Guide

Bio 17 – Study Guide for FINAL

This study guide should help prepare you for the final exam. This is not a list of everything on the final; you should really look over everything as EVERYTHING is fair game. This study guides is meant to assist you to make sure you understand at least the basic concepts in class.

Tim’s Topics:

1) Make sure you understand what the prisoner’s dilemma is what the tit-for-tat strategy is in relation to the prisoner’s dilemma.

2) Be sure that you understand Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. Make sure you know people like Pavlov, Skinner, Thorndike and Garcia and how they contributed to learning. Make sure you know what an appetitive stimulus is and what an aversive stimulus is.

3) Why do young male Superb Fairy Wrens act as "helpers-at-the-nest" and will help feed their younger brothers and sisters?

4) Who are the Yomybato and the Yanomamo? Who are the Yanomamo most likely to engage in negative reciprocity with?

5) Why might Pied Wagtails allow satellites onto their territories?

6) How do the following animals migrate: Sea Turtles, Monarch Butterflies, and Indigo Buntings?

7) Make sure understand what reciprocity, kin selection, byproduct mutualism, and group selection are. Make sure you can identify each from an example (either one given in class or a hypothetical one).

8) Be able to recognize examples of imitation, copying, local enhancement, and social facilitation are.

9) What factors are important in home range size of side-blotched lizards?

10) Make sure you know which examples of animal behavior are due to cultural transmission, artificial/natural selection, and individual learning.

11) What affects the migration behavior of: Red-eyed Vireos, European Blackbirds, and Fox Sparrows?

12) What’s the difference between an ultimate and proximate answer or explanation (make sure you can recognize them from an example)?

13) What did we learn about Pumkinseed fish personalities?

14) Be sure to review the meaning and purpose of the exercises we did in class. Make sure you are familiar with the names and behaviors of the monkeys in the video we watched.

15) How do human mate choices differ in terms of what females are looking for and what males are looking for?

16) How does kin selection theory explain child abuse and whether you will get money to go to college or not from a step parent?

17) How does “wealth” affect family ties in humans and in acorn woodpeckers?

Mark’s Topics:

Neurobiology: Proximate causes, Ultimate causes, Hormones, target cells, Activational effects, organizational effects, ectysone, juvenile hormone, neuron, cell body, dendrite, axon, reflex, action potential, resting potential, threshold potential, chemical synapse, know the parts of the brain, limbic system, short term and long term memory, neural plasticity, unihemispheric sleep, single genes, knockout genes

Communication: What is communication? True communication, eavesdropping, manipulation, ignoring, alarm calls, discrete signal, graded, pseudopenis, honest signal, illegitimate receiver, mob call, seet call, illegitimate signalers, Food bonanzas in Ravens, Honeybee dancing, deception

Sexual Selection and Mating Systems: Intrasexual and intersexual relations, Bateman’s principle, Know the four evolutionary models for mate choice: direct benefits, sensory exploitation, good genes, and runaway selection. Parasite resistance hypothesis, symmetry and good genes, sexual imprinting, Red deer assessment, interference, cuckoldry, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygynandry, male assistance hypothesis, lek, female defense, PTM (what is it?)

Foraging: search image, optimal foraging theory, Reto Zach and the northwestern crow, Marginal value theorem, risk-sensitive foraging, specific nutrient restraints, public information models, producers, scroungers, camouflage, cryptic coloring, aposematic coloring, dilution effect, Why approach a predator?

Aggression and Play: dominance hierarchies, (rhesus monkeys, vultures, gorillas), costs, benefits of the hierarchy, bourgeois, reverse bourgeois, sequential assessment, corticosteroids, serotonin, bystander effects, role reversal , play behavior, ESS