Sentence Structures
Type of Sentence / Number of Independent Clauses
(Main Clause) / Number of Subordinate Clauses
(Dependent) / Connector
1. Simple / (1)
subj. and verb / 0 / none
2. Compound / (2)
S/V and S/V / 0 / ,and ,or ,but ,nor ,so ,yet ,for ;
3. Complex / At least (1) / At least (1) / Signal word
*Real sentence with a subject and a verb that can stand alone.
(Makes sense) / *Has a subj./verb, butcannot stand on its own.
Signal Words
*Words that start subordinate clauses *Used with Complex sentences
Relative Pronouns
Start Adjective
Subordinate Clauses / Adverb Conjunction
Start Adverb
Subordinate Clauses / Words that
Begin Noun
Subordinate Clauses
that / after / than / how / when
which / although / though / that / whatever
who / as / unless / what / whose
whom / because / until / where / whichever
what / before / whenever / which / whom
whose / if / where / who / whomever
whoever / since / whereas / whoever
what / before / wherever / why
however / whereas / however
Simple Sentences

Examples:

Tim and Jim played ball and ran laps.

Jim ran more laps around the track.

Compound Sentences

Examples:

Mark went to the track to run laps, and Nick went to the movies.

Judy likes to go to the mall to shop, but Mandy likes to read at Barnes and Noble.

Complex Sentences

Examples:

The desert is a place where most animals are not able to live or work.

Camels are useful because they cross the desert easily.

Until the sun sets, camels maintain a 105-degree temperature.

S=SubjectV=Verb/P=PredicateC=Complement

Sentence Trees
*Simple Sentence Trees*

SentenceSentenceSentenceSentenceSentence

S V C

S P S S P S P P S S P P

S S V V C C

*Compound Sentence Trees*

Comp. Sent.Comp. Sent.Comp. Sent.Comp. Sent.

,and ; ,but ,or

S P S P S P S P S S P S P P S S P P S S P P

Comp. Sent.Comp. Sent. Comp. Sent.

,but ,and ;

S P P S S P S S P S P S S V V C C S S V V C C

*Complex Sentence Trees*

Compl. Sent.Compl. Sent. Compl. Sent. Compl. Sent.

S P S P S S P S S P P

(ind.) S P (sub.) S P (ind.) S P (ind.) S P

(sub.) (ind.) (sub.) (sub.)

Definitions p. 501 - 509
1. simple sentence / Has one complete subject and one complete predicate.
2. compound sentence / Is a sentence that contains two or more connected simple sentences. Each simple sentence in a compound sentence is called a main clause.
3. main clause / Has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence.
4. subordinate clause / Is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. A subordinate clause is always combined with a main clause in a sentence.
5. complex sentence / Is a sentence that has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
6. adjective clause / Is a subordinate clause that modifies, or describes, a noun or pronoun in the main clause of a complex sentence.
7. adverb clause / Is a subordinate clause that modifies, or describes, the verb in the main clause of a complex sentence.
8. noun clause / Is a subordinate clause used as a noun.