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Exploring the Past
There are lots of people who explore the past. This helps scientists to understand what is happening on Earth today.
How Earth Was Made
Geologists are scientists who study rocks to learn how Eaeth was made and how it has changed. They discovered that Earth is made of hot liquid rock that is covered by big pieces of solid rock called plates. The plates can move, and when they crash into each other, they can push up and make amountain or avolcano, or they can cause an earthquake. Scientists study how the plates move to try to tell when earthquakes will happen or when volcanoes will erupt.
Plants and animals in the Past
When anicient plants and animals died, they were buried under sand and mud. After along time, they went hard and changed into fossils. Palentologists are scientists who study fossils to learn which plants and animals lived on Earth in the past. They have discovered fossilized plants adn bones, teeth, eggs, and shells from fish, birds, insects, and other animals that live up to 500 million years ago. These discoveries give us information about animals that lived along time ago-like dinosaurus!
Discover!
Scientists have found fossils of ocean animals at the top of Mount Everest. This means that the rocks on Mount Everest were once under the ocean and were pushed up.
How people Lived in the Past
Archaeologists study ancient places, buildings, bones, or objects, to learn about how people lived in the past. These things tell us what skills and materials people had, what they believed, and what cothes they wore.
Some old buildings , like the Great Wall of China, are easy to see. Sometimes, the things that archaeologists look for have been buried for along time, and they have to dig them up very carefully.
Important Discoveries
Many ancient buildings and objects have been found in Centeal America, for example, in Mexiko. By studind these discoveries, archaeologists have learned alot about how the Mayan people lived abourt 2,000 years ago, and how the Aztec people lived about 500 years ago.
At Mohenjo Daro, now in Pakistan, archaeologists have found houses from 4,500 years ago with toilets and bathrooms!
Many importand discoveries have also been found in caves. In 2009, an archaologist called Quirino Olivera found cave paintings more than 6,000 years old in the Andes. Cave paintings at Kakadu National Park in Australia tell archaeologists about people and animals who lived there up to 23,000 years ago.
Activities
1 Write the words. Then complete the sentences.
sitoglgo geologist filsos ______
ruinsado ______lonvoca ______
itennac ______ekhearquat ______
1 Ageologist is ascientist who studies rocks.
2 Scientists study plates to try to tell when a ______will erupt.
3 The ground moves there is an ______.
4 When aplant or anomal dies, it can change into a ______after along time.
5 Archaeologists study ______buildings and objects.
6 A ______is an animal that lives millions of years ago.
2 Order the words.
1 people / There / lots / are / the past. / who / explore / of
There are lots of people who explore the past.______
2 rock / covered / Earth / is / big pieces / by / plates. / of / called
______
3 move, / an earthquake. / plates / cause / they / When / can
______
4 buried / When / mud. / died, / they /under / ancient animals / were
______
3 Match the halves of sentences.
1 Sometimes, the things that archaeologists for... ___
2 The Rosetta Stone... ___
3 Many ancient buildings... ___
4 In Pakistan, archaeologists... ___
5 Quirino Olivera... ___
6 Cave paintings in australia... ___
a have found houses from 4,500 years ago.
b tell us about people who lived there 23,000 years ago.
c have been found in Central America.
d helped people to learn about life in Ancient Egypt.
e have been buried for along time.
f found ancient paintings in acave in the Andres.
4 Complete the sentences.
discoveres believed million objects fossilized
clothes information past
1 Paleontogists have discovered fossilized plants and animals that lived up to 500 ______years ago. These ______give us ______about things that lived along time ago.
2 Archaeologists study ancient ______to learn about how people live in the ______. These things tell us what skills people had, what they ______, and what ______they wore.