Name WMAN 445 - 12/10/02

FINAL EXAM

There are 17 questions on 5 pages worth a total of 110 points. The point value of each question is indicated. Graduate students will be graded on the basis of all 110 points (i.e., no extra credit). Undergraduates will be graded based on 100 points (i.e., 10 extra credit points possible). Read each question very carefully, answer each question fully, and allocate your time accordingly. If you need more space for your answer, use the back of the page.

TRUE OR FALSE

(20 points total)

  1. T or F. All anadromous fishes are semelparous.
  1. T or F. Most fish populations should be modeled using models that make the assumption of No Age Structure.
  1. T or F. The likelihood that a harvested population will crash increases with increasing levels of environmental variability.
  1. T or F. A population in which juvenile survivorship varies from year to year will not reach a Stable Age Distribution.
  1. T or F. To ensure the sustainability of a variable fishery, the “Targeted” Harvest rate should be set higher than the theoretical Maximum Sustainable Yield.
  1. T or F. A “Coldwater” stream tends to have a maximum 7-day average daily maximum temperature (i.e., 7-day Avg. Max.) that is less than 220C.
  1. T or F. A stream that does not classify as a “Coldwater” stream necessarily classifies as a “Warmwater” stream.
  1. T or F. Water depth, water velocity, and drift density interact to influence energy gain by drift-feeding stream fishes.
  1. T or F. Only intolerant fish species affect the IBI score of a particular stream.
  1. T or F. The best way to treat Acid Mine Drainage from deep mines is by applying limestone sand directly to the impacted stream.

SHORT ANSWER

  1. Construct a Leslie Matrix for a fish population with the following fecundity and survivorship schedules.(6 POINTS)

Age / Fecundity / Survivorship
0 / 0 / 0.1
1 / 10 / 0.5
2 / 10 / 0.8
3 / 80 / 0.8
  1. The following graph illustrates the results of applying an age-structured model of brook trout population dynamics to set optimal harvest rates. The first number represents the proportion of the Age 2 adults that are harvested, and the second number is the proportion of Age 3 adults harvested. If the objective of the harvest plan is to maximize the total number of trout harvested over a 50 year period, what is the optimal harvest rate for each age class? What about if the objective is to maximize harvest over a 10 year period?(6 POINTS)

  1. List the five stages of salmonid reproduction and describe how increased sedimentation can negatively affect each stage. (15 POINTS)
  1. The four “famous” acid mine drainage equations are below, followed by some situations. State which equation corresponds to each of the situations.(12 POINTS)

A.FeS2 +7/2 O2 +H2O  Fe2+ + 2H+ + 2SO42-

B.Fe2+ + ¼ O2 + H+ Fe3+ + ½ H2O

C.Fe3+ + 3 H2O  Fe(OH)3 + 3 H+

D.FeS2 + 14 Fe3+ + 8 H2O  15 Fe2+ + 2 SO42- + 16 H+

Situation 1: We have an underground mine full of mining waste and water. We tried to turn the iron from ferrous to ferric, but we are still just getting ferrous iron out.

Situation 2: A bunch of mine water is dumping into a well-buffered stream, and we are seeing some depletion in the dissolved O2.

Situation 3: In the same stream as situation 2, the streambed is being coated with red stuff.

Situation 4: Many small streams in WV have sulfate concentrations that are much much higher than we can account for by taking the sulfate in acid rain, and increasing its concentration according the amount of water that is evapotranspired.

  1. Riparian Management Zones are highly touted as an easy, effective means for improving instream conditions and improving the value of resident fisheries. Describe how RMZ’s can affect a) stream flow regime, 2) sedimentation, 3) channel morphology, and 4) eutrophication. (20 POINTS)
  1. Defend or dispute the following statement: “Fisheries managers should focus their management actions on controlling harvest, stocking fish and directly managing water and habitat quality. Fisheries managers should not concern themselves with activities occurring within the watershed at large because it is outside the domain of their authority or concern.” (21 POINTS)
  1. Extra Credit (for undergrads). In a completely undeveloped watershed, what % of water that falls as precipitation flows out of the watershed as surface runoff? What happens to the rest of the water? What happens when a watershed is developed? (10 POINTS)

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