Theme- Formation of Civilization and Rivervalleys

Name:______Due Date______

A.P. WORLD HISTORY

Theme-“Formation of Civilization and RiverValleys”

Unit #1-Technological & Environmental Transformation (8000-600 BCE)

OVERVIEW:

The Neolithic Revolution led to the rise of small villages and towns based around agriculture and the domestication of animals. Humans now had more time to develop characteristics that led to the rise of the first civilizations the world’s history. This theme will explore how the Neolithic Revolution was truly revolutionary. Over time, large and complex civilizations and cultures developed in the Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

THEMATIC SUB-TOPIC: After mastering this theme, you should be able to satisfactorily describe, analyze, and discuss the following topics:

Mesopotamia
Egypt/Nile
Indus
Yellow River/China
Olmec/Zapotec/Chavin

KEY TERMS:

Define each of the following terms in your spiral notebooks in your own words. Include for each term the “Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How?” You may not type your definitions… they must be hand-written in your spiral notebook!! Google is your friend!!

Neolithic

Irrigation

Fertile Crescent

Innovation

Diffusion

Ziggurat

Sargon of Akkad

Bas Reliefs

Pictograms

Cuneiform

Ideogram

Epic of Gilgamesh

Polis

Hieroglyphics

Rosetta Stone

Book of the Dead

Pyramid

Harappan Civilization (IndusRiverValley)

Mandate of Heaven

Dynastic Cycle

Oracle Bone

Hegemony

Dominance

MULTIPLE CHOICE/TRUE-FALSE:For each of the questions below, choose the answer that best fits.

______1. The Neolithic Age:

A. preceded the Paleolithic Age

B. is named for the characteristics of its tools

C. began substantially prior to the founding of the first cities

D. was a time in which trade was virtually nonexistent

______2. Which of the following empires was organized first?

A. Persian

B. Hittite

C. Neo-Babylonian

D. Assyrian

______3. Most experts think that innovative primary urbanization:

A. could not have happened without diffusive urbanization

B. occurred only in the Fertile Crescent

C. occurred only in Asia

D. must have begun after the practice of agriculture

______4. As cities became more developed:

A. new class hierarchies emerged

B. the need for armies diminished

C. decision making became much more egalitarian

D. contact with other communities became less common

______5. The world’s first system of writing evolved in:

A. the IndusValley

B. southeast Asia

C. Sumer

D. Khmer

______6. T-F The earliest cities evolved along major river systems as a result of diffusion rather than innovation.

______7. T-F As cities became larger, their organization became more complex.

______8. In Sumer after about 2800 B.C.E., members of this group ruled in conjunction with kings:

A. temple priests

B. large landowners

C. rich artisans

D. peasants’ representatives

______9. Scholars know the least about this civilization:

A. Greek city-states

B. Indus valley

C. Nile valley

D. Tigris-Euphrates valley

______10. The early twentieth century excavations of the Harappan civilization in the Indus valley reveal that it likely:

A. was originated by Aryan immigrants from Persia

B. began around 4500 B.C.E.

C. developed independently from civilizations in Mesopotamia

D. had many small towns, but no cities

______11. The art and craftwork of the IndusValley indicates:

A. that the civilization was not very well developed

B. they participated in active interregional trade

C. they did not possess metallurgical skills

D. they were a nomadic people

______12. T-F Archeological evidence reveals the mutual trade of goods between the Indus valley and Mesopotamia.

______13. We know less about ancient Egyptian cities when compared with ancient Mesopotamian cities primarily because the Egyptian cities were:

A. destroyed by war

B. few and far between

C. destroyed by the NileRiver

D. changed so drastically by the British in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

______14. The economies of the villages that developed along the NileRiver were based on:

A. commercial trade

B. cereal agriculture

C. fishing

D. warfare

______15. Chinese oracle bones:

A. have been useful to archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians for at least three centuries

B. first came to the attention of scientists after they were found at excavation sites

C. have provided useful information about the rulers of the Shang dynasty

D. were usually made from human bones

______16. T-F The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were all located around the Huang He (Yellow River) valley.

______17. T-F There is some evidence that women could wield power in the earliest Chinese dynasties.

______18. What did the first cities in the Americas have in common with the first cities of Asia?

A. use of pack animals

B. use of the wheel

C. use of metal tools

D. use of draft animals

______19. T-F By 5000 B.C.E., the early inhabitants of the Americas were cultivating maize.

______20. Empires:

A. usually grow through conquest

B. by definition share rule with conquered peoples

C. have been few and far between in human history over the last five millennia

D. exist primarily to enrich conquered areas

______21. Usually the most important administrative function of an empire is to:

A. provide uniformity of language to ensure good communication with conquered peoples

B. efficiently collect taxes from all peoples in the empire

C. enforce a just and comprehensive legal code

D. create and enforce a good system of weights and measures

______22. Of the following, which is NOT a major cause of the decline and fall of empires?

A. overextension of the administration

B. fanatical belief in the ideology of the empire

C. economic collapse

D. failure of leadership

______23. The Hittite empire was centered in:

A. Mesopotamia

B. Palestine

C. the upper Nile

D. Anatolia

______24. Under Sargon, the Mesopotamian empire connected which of the following bodies of water?

A. the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea

B. the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf

C. the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea

D. the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea

______25. T-F By 650 B.C.E., the Assyrian Empire included Egypt.

SHORT ANSWER:Answer the below questions in complete sentences. Remember to restate the question. Refer to pages in Spodek’s The World’s History that were referenced when defining the above “Key Terms.”

•Compare and contrast the toolkit used by hunter-gatherers with that used by farmers.

•Explain why written language was one of the most revolutionary inventions in human history.

•Compare the probable rights and powers of women in the typical pre-urban village with those of women living in the typical urban Sumerian city. Did the establishment of cities help women overall, or did it hurt them? Explain

•Describe the power of the pharaohs that ordered the construction of the Great Pyramids. Also discuss what the pyramids represented.

•Which of the many theories concerning the decline of the Indus civilization do you find most convincing? Explain your reasoning.

•Describe how modern investigators of early Chinese history used texts, oracle bones and archaeological techniques to gain information.

•Describe the factors that contributed to the decline of the Mesopotamian empire.