Civil War Guided Notes
The War Begins
•April 10, 1861, Major General ______leads bombardment of ______in CharlestonHarbor
•______troops and laborers inside FortSumter______on April 13
•Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia ______from the Union
•President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion and protect ______
Assembling Armies
•Most soldiers volunteered at first, but later men were conscripted (______to serve in the ______)
•Some men received ______(money) to sign up; some signed up, received the bounty, then ______
•Poorer men sometimes accepted money to fight in place of wealthier men who didn’t want to serve
Resources, North and South
•______had more ______from which to create and re-supply ______
•North had more______, better ______, and most of the nation’s ______and ______
•______had more experienced______, and were highly motivated to defend their familiar ______and to win ______
Blockade Strategy
•Union ______all______to prevent cotton ______and imports of ______from foreign countries
•Privately operated ______successfully slipped past Union ships to ship goods to and from ______during the war
•The Union Navy included many ______(armored ships)
Other Wartime Strategies
•Union: “Anaconda Plan”: To squeeze ______to death by capturing the ______and cutting off Louisiana, Texas, and ______
•Union: Capturing ______, the ______, might have ended the war early, but General ______Confederate Army prevented that for years
Late War Strategy
•______armies on the battlefield
•Lay waste to the______, so that ______would call for an ______to the _____
•General ______“March to the Sea” through ______was successful in the “lay waste to land” strategy
Southern Strategies
•Wear down the______, which would hasten the ______desire to end the ______
•Use ______to help break the Union ______
•______: Temporarily stop ______to England and France to inspire those nations to help break the Union ______; France and England instead starting ______.
Freeing the Slaves
•Lincoln issued ______on September 22, 1862
•Document gave the ______a choice: Quit the war and keep slavery alive or keep fighting and slaves would be forever free
•Deadline was January 1, 1863
•The Confederate leaders continued the______and the slaves were ______by the ______government in 1863
The Atlanta Campaign
•Late Spring/Early Summer 1864: ______fought series of battles against ______Confederate Army
•Confederates continued to ______further southward into Georgia
•June 1864: ______attacked Johnston at______; Sherman______but continued toward ______
•July 1864: ______replaced Johnston, battled Sherman, then ______defenses in ______
The Battle of Atlanta
•Sherman______the city and laid ______
•Hood wanted to______Sherman into the city to fight, but that didn’t work
•______continued during ______and ______1864
•Hood and Atlanta’s citizens finally ______the city on September 1
•Sherman______the city in mid-November then begins his ______toward ______and the______
The March to the Sea
•Sherman’s Union army ______everything in its path, ______from ______to ______-+
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•A ______area is______, destroyed, and ruined during a two-month period
•Estimated losses exceeded $100 million
•Captured, but did ______, ______in December 1864
•Loaded and shipped $28 million worth of______stored in Savannah, to the North
The Civil War Ends
•General ______Army of Virginia cannot defeat Union General ______at Petersburg; he surrenders his army at ______on April 9, 1865
•Confederate President ______flees and is eventually captured in Irwinville, ______
Civil War Prisons
•Both North and South had prisons for captured soldiers; ______
•______, in southwest______, was overcrowded, and offered poor______, contaminated ______, and poor sanitation; 13,700 Union ______are buried there
•Captain Henry Wirtz, Andersonville Prison commander, was later ______for “excessive cruelty”
•______is now home to the National Prisoner of War Museum