THE VIRGINIA CONSORTIUM OF ASIAN STUDIES

(VCAS)

VCAS is a scholarly, nonprofit and academic organization designed to promote the study of Asia throughout Virginia and the Southeast. VCAS promotes conferences, this annual journal and workshops for teachers, scholars, students and the public.

VCAS: OFFICERS

President: Michael Smitka, Washington & Lee University

Vice-President: Len Schoppa, University of Virginia

Past Presidents Ed Pratt, College of William & Mary; Elizabeth Freund Larus, Mary Washington College; Marge Klayton-Mi, Mary Washington College; Tomoko Hamada, College of William & Mary, Daniel Metraux, Mary Baldwin College and others

Virginia Review of Asian Studies: Vol. 15, 2012

Editor of THE VIRGINIA REVIEW OF ASIAN STUDIES

Daniel A. Métraux, Mary Baldwin College

Production Editor Dustin Yoxall

Board of Editors:

Jan Bardsley, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Thomas Burkman, SUNY Buffalo

William Head, USAF

Amy Miller, Mary Baldwin College

Paul Rodell, Georgia Southern University

Gilbert W. Roy, University of Virginia

Mike Smitka, Washington & Lee University

Jim Wolf Yoxall, Mary Baldwin College

THE VIRGINIA REVIEW OF ASIAN STUDIES (VRAS) is an annual publication of the Dept. of Asian Studies at Mary Baldwin College and VCAS appearing in the Fall semester designed to promote advanced scholarship on Asia in Virginia and the Southeast. VRASinvites material on any aspect of Asian Studies for editorial review. Because VCAS especially encourages research and study on Asia in the classroom, work from graduate or advanced undergraduate students is very welcome. Faculty are also invited to submit high quality papers by advanced students. We are unique in that while we publish the work of established scholars, we are especially open to high quality work by students and young scholars. Scholars are especially encouraged to submit research or work “in progress” for the sake of eliciting comments from colleagues with the full understanding that improved versions of that work may be published elsewhere later.

SEND SUBMISSIONS FOR EDITORIAL CONSIDERATION FOR VOLUME XV (2012) by 15 May 2013to: Daniel A. Metraux, Dept. of Asian Studies, Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, VA 24401. Send electronic submissions to: dmetraux @mbc.edu dmetraux @hotmail.com. Each article/review © its author. No reproduction of any article without author’s written permission. VRAS replaces The Occasional Papers of the Virginia Consortium of Asian Studies (Vol. 1-6). VRAS is on line at virginiareviewofasianstudies.com