Middle East Review Test
Do Not Write On This Paper Please- Use Your Answer Sheet
1- E6aThe United States and Saudi Arabia are partners in International Trade due to specialization. Choose the type of specialization trading taking place between the two countries?
A. Heavy equipment from the United States is traded for agricultural products from Saudi Arabia
B. Oil from the United States is traded for agricultural products from Saudi Arabia
*C. Oil from Saudi Arabia is traded for agricultural products from the United States.
D. Heavy equipment from Saudi Arabia is traded for agricultural products from the United States.
2- E5a In this type of economic system, the production of goods and services is controlled by the concept of supply and demand, businesses are operated for profit, and the role of the government is very minimal.
A. Command
*B. Market
C. Mixed
D. Traditional
3- E5a In a command economy, how is it determined what goods and services will be produced?
A. Businesses decide what to produce on the basis of market conditions.
B. Consumers decide through their behavior in the marketplace.
*C. Central government planning decides what will be produced.
D. Supply and demand control production and price.
4- E6bIn 1973 OPEC limited the amount of petroleum available to the United States. Which term refers to one nation or group of nations isolating another nation by stopping trade?
A. blockade
*B. embargo
C. quota
D. tariff
5- E6c If OPEC decided to cut oil production for the coming year, what would be the MOST LIKELY effect?
A. prices would not change
*B. oil prices would most likely rise
C. oil prices would probably decline
D. the price for substitute products would decline
6- E6c Many oil-rich countries cooperate with each other in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. How does this help them play a major role in world affairs?
A. They share a common language and history
B. They share a common form of government
*C. They influence the price of oil on the world market.
D. They maintain a military force in the Middle East
7- E6c One reason the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is so powerful is that
A. oil is available in all nations
B. six OPEC nations are in the Middle East
*C. OPEC nations control 2/3 of the world’s oil reserves
D. the official language of the majority of the OPEC nations is Arabic
8- E5c The primary cause of the rapid economic development of Saudi Arabia since the 1960s is
*A. petroleum exports
B. machinery imports
C. commercial shipping
D. industrial chemical production
9- E6a Natural resources are not evenly distributed among countries. Which of the following correctly shows how SW Asia is an example of uneven distribution?
*A. abundance of oil, but a scarcity of water
B. abundance of coal, but a scarcity of copper
C. abundance of natural gas, but a scarcity of oil
D. abundance of water, but a scarcity of phosphates
10- E5b Why do most economies in the world today operate somewhere in between a market economy and a command economy?
A. Most consumers want government control of the economy.
B. Government control makes a market economy more profitable.
C. Government control of some aspects of the economy has never been successful in the modern world.
*D. Most economies have found they need a mix of free market and some government control to be successful and protect consumers.
11- G8d The split into Sunni and Shiite divisions of Islam can be traced to
A. the failure to defeat invading forces from Persia.
B. a loss of territory to religious rebels in Arabia.
*C. a dispute over the question of Muhammad’s successor.
D. the reluctance of kings to submit to the will of Islam.
12- G8c Which statement represents one of the beliefs of Judaism?
*A. Abraham is the father of the faith.
B. Jesus is held to be the Son of God.
C. The Qur'an is the main religious text.
D. The Four Noble Truths guide followers.
13- G8e What can BEST be concluded from the information in this chart?
A. East Asia is the poorest region in the world.
B. Latin American education is constantly improving.
*C. Education and economic success are closely linked.
D. People in the Middle East and North Africa are illiterate.
14- G5a The arrows on this map are pointing to the
*A. Red Sea
B. Persian Gulf
C. Arabian Sea
D. Strait of Hormuz
PER CAPITA GDP:
India: $2,563
China: $5,325
Japan: $34,296
15- G8e Based on the relationship between literacy rates and per capita GDP, which nation has the LOWEST literacy rate among its citizens?
*A. India
B. China
C. Japan
D. Vietnam
16- G8d Shia and Sunni Islam were both founded because of
*A. disputes over who would succeed Muhammad as head of the faith
B. invasions by European Crusaders trying to retake the Holy Land
C. the quest to control trade routes between Arabia and China
D. the failure to win wars against Hindu armies from the East.
17- G8b What is the religion of most of the Arabs in Southwest Asia?
A. Christianity
B. Judaism
C. Shia Muslim
*D. Sunni Muslim
18- G8e How do literacy rates in Southwest Asia differ for men and women?
A. Women have higher literacy rates in at least half of the countries.
B. There is very little difference in the literacy rates for men and women.
*C. In nearly all the countries, women have a lower literacy rate than men.
D. Women’s literacy rates are highest in the countries with large oil reserves.
19- H2b Many people around the world agreed with the formation of the state of Israel because of the events associated with
A. D-Day
B. Pearl Harbor
*C. the Holocaust
D. Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
20- H2c Since the creation of Israel in 1948
A. the nations of the Middle East have worked together peacefully.
*B. there have been ongoing conflicts between Israel and the Arab world
C. the United Nations has acted as the central government in the region
D. Israel has helped the nations in the region form democratic governments.
21- H2c After the formation of Israel on May 14, 1948, what was the reaction of surrounding Arab nations?
*A. Five surrounding nations immediately attacked the new nation.
B. The Arab nations signed a peace treaty with the new nation of Israel.
C. The Arab nations built up their militaries in preparation for an attack the following year.
D. A coalition of Arab nations introduced the Partition Plan for Palestine to the United Nations.
22- H2c In 1948, the United States angered Arab nations by
A. authorizing the Marshall Plan.
B. interfering in China’s political affairs.
*C. recognizing Israel as an independent Jewish state.
D. using the United Nations to monitor international trade
23- H2c Which statement best describes developments in the Middle East since World War II?
A. Manufacturing has become the region’s main economic activity.
*B. Religion has played a major role in creating conflict in the region.
C. Most citizens in the region have come to enjoy a high standard of living.
D. A majority of counties in the region have adopted constitutions that guarantee equal rights for all citizens.
24- H2d Why did the United Nations try to stop Iraq from taking over Kuwait in 1990?
A. The United Nations wanted to destroy the country of Iraq.
B. The only job of the United Nations is military action around the world.
C. The economies of many countries depend on oil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supply.
*D. The United Nations has to intervene whenever any member nation has a conflict with another country.
25- H2d Why did the United States bomb and invade Afghanistan in 2001?
A. Afghanistan invaded the country of Kuwait and threatened the United States supply of oil.
B. The UN asked the US to overthrow the Taliban government of Afghanistan.
C. The US was afraid that Afghanistan was working to develop nuclear weapons and they wanted to put a stop to the program.
*D. They believed the government was offering safety to al-Qaeda, the organization that attacked the US on September 11, 2001.
26- H2d Why did the United States go to war against Iraq in 2003?
A. Iraq was threatening Afghanistan with nuclear weapons.
B. The UN believed Iraq was about to invade Kuwait a second time.
C. Iraqi troops launched an attack on Saudi Arabia, a close ally of the US.
*D. The US government saw the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, as a threat to peace and the US interests in the region.
27- CG4b What is a difference between an autocratic government and a democratic government?
*A. In autocratic governments, the people have no power.
B. In autocratic governments, many have power.
C. In democracies, the power of the government is limited.
D. In democracies, government officials gain power through force.
28- CG5a The government of Israel can be classified as a parliamentary democracy. Which statement provides the BEST definition of this type of government?
*A. a government ruled by an elected legislature and a prime minister
B. a government ruled by the wealthiest, upper-class elite in society
C. a government ruled by a small group distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, or military powers
D. a government ruled by people who have been selected by talent, ability, and good leadership skills
29- CG4c What is the main difference between a parliamentary democracy and a presidential democracy?
A. A parliamentary democracy does not have a judicial branch
B. A parliamentary democracy does not have an individual executive but a presidential democracy does.
C. A presidential democracy does not have an equivalent to Parliament, the parliamentary democracy's legislative branch.
*D. A presidential democracy allows the population to choose the executive, but a parliamentary democracy allows the legislature to choose the executive.
30- CG5a In which Southwest Asian country does the leader inherit power?
A. Islamic Republic of Iran
B. State of Israel
C. Lebanon
*D. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
31- CG5a The government of Iran can be classified as a theocracy. Which statement provides the best definition of theocracy?
A. A government ruled by a wealthy, upper class elite.
*B. A government ruled by priests or religious leaders claiming a direct link to god.
C. A government ruled by a small group distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, or military powers.
D. A government ruled by people who have been selected by talent, ability, and good leadership skills.
32- CG5a Which type of government has no distinct separation between the powers of the legislative branch and the executive branch, is headed by a prime minister, and is practiced by both Israel and Turkey in the Middle East?
A. oligarchic
B. federation
*C. parliamentary democracy
D. presidential democracy
33- G5a Which nation has no political parties, no voting rights for its citizens, and is ruled by a king?
A. Iran
B. Iraq
C. United Arab Emirates
*D. Saudi Arabia
34- CG4a In a unitary government, most of the power is in the hands of the
A. individual voters
B. king and advisors
C. local governments
*D. central government
35- CG4b Who makes most of the important government decisions in an oligarchy?
A. the king
B. the people
C. the legislature
*D. a small group of powerful leaders
36- CG4c Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary system of government?
A. executive
B. judicial
*C. legislative
D. the monarch
37- CG5a What is Shariah law?
A. laws made by the king alone
B. laws based on parliamentary democracy
*C. laws based on the teachings of the Quran
D. laws calling for a separation of church and state
Define: Remember—do not write on this paper
38- E6b In economics, often a nation has one product or industry that becomes better developed than other products or industries. Over time, that nation may become known for being a reliable producer in that industry.
This is passage is describing ____specialization__
39- E6a Which nation leads the Middle East region in the production and export of oil? _Saudi Arabia
40- G8c The revelations of Muhammad form the basis of which religion? ___Islam_____
41- G8b Which ethnic group is most numerous in Southwest Asia? ___Arabs______
42- H2b What was the name of the political movement dedicated to establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine? ____Zionism_____
43- H2c Which territory was controlled by Great Britain in the years following World War I and lost land when the nation of Israel was created in 1948? ___Palestine____
44- H2b "His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." --Arthur James Balfour, 1917
By what name was the movement commonly known which worked for the establishment of this national home? ___Zionism______
45- H2d What is the United States’ main economic interest in SW Asia? ___oil_____
46- CG5a Which Middle Eastern nation is governed by a parliamentary democracy? ___Israel____
47- CG5a Which nation's government is classified as a monarchy, with a king as chief of state and head of government? __Saudi Arabia___
Define: Remember—do not write on this paper
Governance:As a society becomes more complex, the government becomes more complex.
Movement/migration:The movement/migration of people affects not only the place that they go to but the place that they leave as well.
Time, Change, Continuity:While change occurs over time, there is a basic continuity to the base structure of the society.