Name______Date______
The Triumphs of a Crusade
Chapter 21, Section 2 Notes
Objectives
• Identify the goal of the freedom riders
• Explain how civil rights activism forced President Kennedy to act against segregation
• State the motives of the 1963 March on Washington
• Describe the tactics tried by civil rights organizations to secure the passage of the Voting Rights Act
Main Idea and Terms/Names
Name______Date______
• Civil Rights activists broke through racial barriers. Their activism prompted landmark legislation.
• Freedom riders
• James Meredith
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Freedom Summer
• Fannie Lou Hamer
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
Name______Date______
Freedom Riders
• Civil Rights activists would ride busses to test the Supreme Court decision that ______
• Provoking a violent reaction to ______
• Riders were ______
• ______and the ______provoked JFK to send federal marshals to protect the riders
• ______was banned
Integrating Ole Miss
• Air Force Veteran ______won a federal court case that allowed him to ______
• Governor Ross Barnett ______
• Kennedy ordered ______
• ______broke out and resulted ______
• Federal officials ______
Birmingham
• ______
• Reputation for ______
• Reverend Shuttlesworth, MLK, and the SCLC ______
• MLK and others were ______
– MLK wrote Letters from a Birmingham Jail
• With MLK out of jail, the SCLC planned a ______
– ______
– Later, the police met the marchers with ______
– ______captured the scene
• Birmingham officials finally ______
• Convinced JFK to ______
Kennedy Takes a Stand
• June 11, 1963 – JFK ______
• He demanded that Congress ______
• Hours later ______, an NAACP secretary, was ______
• A new militancy developed – ______
March on Washington
• To show support for JFK’s civil rights bill, ______
• Aug. 28, 1963, ______assembled in Washington
• MLK ______
– Appeals for ______and ______
Violence Persists
• Two weeks after the I have a Dream speech, ______
• Two months later______
• LBJ pledges to carry out JFK’s work
– ______
– Prohibited ______
– Gave equal access to ______
Fighting for Voting Rights
• ______worked to register as many African-American voters as possible
– Project is known as ______
– ______
• ______were trained to help the project
• Met with ______and ______
A New Political Party
• African Americans needed ______
• SNCC organized the ______
• ______spoke at the Democratic National Convention in 1964
– Support poured in for the MFDP
– ______(MFDP got two seats in Congress)
Selma Campaign
• SNCC led a ______
• After a demonstrator was shot, ______
• Mayhem broke out and ______
• Johnson presented a ______
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Eliminated ______
• Local officials could not ______
• The percentage of ______