The Transport System (6.2) and Gas Exchange (6.4) Review
Fill in the blanks
1. Blood returning from all parts of the body (except lungs) enter the ______atrium via the vena cava - this blood is relatively deoxygenated/oxygenated (choose one).
2. The blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then via the ______to the lungs (where blood is reoxygenated)
3. The blood returns to the left atrium via the ______and passes through the left ventricle to the ______, where it is pumped around the body
4. When the atria contract, ______open.
5. When the ______contract, the AV valves close and semilunar valves open
6. The ______node initiates contraction of the cardiac muscle and acts as a ______, regulating normal sinus rhythm.
7. Match each description with its appropriate type of blood vessel.
I. Involved with material and gas exchange with the surrounding body tissue. Blood pressure is relatively low (~15 mm Hg) and they have a very small diameter (~5 micrometers wide). Their wall is made up of a single layer of cells to allow for ease of diffusion. They may contain pores to aid the transport of material.
II. They carry blood under low pressure (<10 mm Hg). They have a very wide lumen (keeps pressure low and allows greater flow of blood). The walls of tissue surrounding them are thin (blood is not travelling in rhythmic pulses). They have valves to prevent blood pooling at extremities
III. They carry blood at high pressure (80 - 120 mm Hg). They have a narrower lumen (to maintain high pressure) surround by a thick wall made of two layers. The middle layer (tunica media) contains muscle and elastin to help maintain pulse flow (it can contract and stretch). The outer layer (tunica adventitia) contains collagen prevents rupturing due to the high-pressure blood flow.
a. Arteries ____
b. Capillaries _____
c. Veins _____
8. Complete the crossword puzzle.
9. Which of these are features of the alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange?
I. Rich capillary network
II. Thick walls
III. Moist surfaces
a. I only
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II and III
10. Match each description with its appropriate term.
I. Diaphragm muscles relax and diaphragm curves upwards, the pressure of air in the lungs is increased above atmospheric pressure and air flows out of the lungs to equalize the pressure.
II. The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere; it is achieved by the physical act of breathing.
III. The release of ATP from organic molecules; it is greatly enhanced by the presence of oxygen.
IV. Diaphragm muscles contract and flatten downwards, the pressure of air in the lungs is decreased below atmospheric pressure and air flows into the lungs to equalize the pressure.
V. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and the bloodstream; it occurs passively via diffusion.
a. Ventilation ____
b. Gas Exchange _____
c. Inspiration/Inhalation ______
d. Expiration/Exhalation ______
e. Cellular respiration _____
Key:
1. right, deoxygenated
2. pulmonary artery
3. pulmonary vein, aorta
4. atrioventricular (AV) valves
5. ventricles
6. sinoatrial, pacemaker
7. a. III, b. I, c. II
8. 1. Antibodies, 2. Carbon, 3. (down) Hormones, 3. (across) Heat, 4. Oxygen, 5. Nutrients, 6. Urea
9. b.
10. a. II, b. V, c. IV, d. I, e. III