The Spanish Empire in the Americas

Period 1

Do Now: Match the vocabulary terms with their significance in your study so far. Place the letter next to the correct term.

Land bridge /
  1. Mixture of European and American culture and ecosystem-germs, food, animals, etc.- changed entire ways of life for both civilizations

"Three-sister" farming /
  1. Spiritual belief that center on the natural world; pay homage to spirits and spiritual forces that dwell in natural world

Matrilineal cultures /
  1. Natives of Hispaniola; population change from 1 million to 200 after the Spanish arrival, mostly due to disease

Taino /
  1. Artisan organizations that regulated trade; monarchs granted trade privileges to these organizations

Columbian Exchange /
  1. Many native Americans tribes had these; power & possessions past down the female side of family

Cahokia /
  1. Their name refers to their distinct building style found in much of modern New Mexico, Arizona, and west Texas

Iroquois Confederacy /
  1. Refers to maize, beans, and squash all grown in strategic locations yielding high population densities (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw)

Pueblo Indians /
  1. 5 Nations (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, CayugasSenecas)joined together to avoid violence; one of the most powerful Native American groups in the North East

Animism /
  1. Temporary passage due to the Ice Age that united Asia and the Americas over land; probably what first populated the Americas

Guilds /
  1. Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans

The Spanish Empire:

Carried gold & silver east to Spain, and west to the Philippines and China

Claims in New World included ______

“______”- ______

Governing Spanish America:

King  Council of Indies ______in America

Catholic Church- authority on ______

Colonists in Spanish America:

Spanish forced Indians to work in gold & silver mines, and on ______

Main agricultural crops were still corn, beans, & squash

NOT ALLOWED:

- ______

- ______(Jews & Moors)

______- European-born

______- European ancestry, born in colonies

Spanish monarchy ordered wives to join husbands in America & demanded that single men marry

______

______

Stop, Drop and Think: Why would the Spanish government approve these marriages?

______

______- person of mixed origin

- made up a ______

______: Spanish, Indian, African, with a single faith, language & gov. system

Justifications for Conquest:

“What allowed one nation to claim possession of land that belonged to someone else?”

– Hugo Grotius (Dutch legal thinker)

- ______

- ______

- ______

- ______

Treaty of Tordesillas:

In 1494, Spain and Portugal disputed the lands of the new world, so Spain went to the Pope, and he ______for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east.

Spreading Faith:

The Pope required Spain & Portugal to spread Catholicism among the natives

______

Belief in superiority of Catholicism

- “______”

- ____________

- prevent them from Protestant influence

Piety and Profit:

“______”

Goal: bring true “freedom” to Indians

Enslaving natives = ______

Applying Text:

After reading the excerpts from Sepúlveda and Las Casas, respond to the questions that follow

(see handout)