The Rise of Mass Democracy

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Chapter 13

The Rise of Mass Democracy

Terms to Know:

Corrupt bargain spoils system Tariff of Abominations Nullification Crisis

Compromise tariff of 1833 Force Bill Indian removal Act Trail of Tears

Black Hawk War Bank War Anti-Masonic party pet banks

Specie Circular panic of 1837 Alamo Goliad Battle of San Jacinto

People to Know:

John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Denmark Vesey John C. Calhoun

Black Hawk Nicholas Biddle Daniel Webster Henry Clay

Martin Van Buren Stephen Austin Sam Houston Santa Anna

William Henry Harrison

Questions:

1. What was celebrated as necessary for the health of democracy? What changed between 1824 and 1840? (p. 256)

2. What yielded the boisterous democracy that characterized the Jacksonian Era? (p. 256)

3. What party captured the White House in 1828? What party formed in the 1830’s? (p. 256)

4. What new forms of politicking emerged in this time period? What percentage of people voted in 1824? 1828? 1840?

What does this reflect? (p. 256)

5. Who were the candidates in the 1824 election? Describe each. What party did all four say they represented? What

was the peculiar situation of John C. Calhoun? (p. 257)

6. Who won the popular vote and why was he appealing to the people of the West? Why was the election decided in the

House of Representatives? (p. 257)

7. Who presided over the House of Representatives in their decision on who would be president? Why was this a

conflict of interest? (p. 257)

8. How did Henry Clay feel about Andrew Jackson? Why William Crawford a bad choice? Who was left? (p. 257)

9. Who eventually won the election of 1824? What role did Henry Clay get after the election? (p. 257)

10. How was the Secretary of State position viewed in 1824? How did Henry Clay get this position? (p. 258)

11. Why were Jacksonians so angry? What did they call this deal? (p. 258)

12. Why did Clay and Randolph have a duel? Who won? (P. 258)

13. Is there any proof that both Clay and Adams struck a deal? What was the lasting effect of the election of 1824? (p.

258)

14. Describe John Quincy Adams. What did he like to do in the morning? (p. 259)

15. Why was it difficult for Adams to get support during his presidency? How did Adams stubbornness affect his

presidency? (p. 259)

16. How did his nationalistic views cause problems for him? What are some things he called for in his inaugural

address? (p. 259)

17. How did the public react to his observatory? Why? How did the South react? (p. 259)

18. How did his land polices vex the West? With whom did he try to deal fairly? (p. 259)

19. What two parties formed before the election of 1828? Who led each party? (p. 260)

20. How did Jackson’s supporters view him and how did they view Adams? (p. 260)

21. How did the mudslinging reach new lows in 1828? What did Adams say about Jackson and vice versa? (p. 260)

22. Who won the Election of 1828? What was the electoral count? With this election, where did the political center of

gravity shift to? (p. 261)

23. Describe Jackson. What was he like as a youth, where was he born, where did he move to etc.? (p. 261)

24. In what ways was Jackson unique? (p. 261)

25. What was Jackson’s inauguration like? (p.262)

26. What was the spoils system? How does this show some hypocrisy on the side of the Democrats? What was William

Marcy’s classic quote? (p. 262)

27. How did Jackson defend the spoils system? What questions did people ask in terms of each appointee? (p. 262)

28. What negative effect did the spoils system have? Who was Samuel Swartwout and what did he do? (p. 262)

29. What were the negative effects of tariffs? What parts of the country favored tariffs? (p. 262)

30. What political hot potato did Jackson inherit in 1828? What part of the country was hostile to tariffs and why? What

did the southerners brand the tariff of 1828? (p. 262-263)

31. Why did southerners protest the Tariff of 1828? What was happening to the Old South during this time period vis a

vis the other areas of the country? (p. 263)

32. What was at the heart of the South’s concern over tariffs? Who was Denmark Vesey and what did he do? (p. 264)

33. What was The South Carolina Exposition and who wrote it? What did the pamphlet denounce and endorse? (p. 264)

34. Who were the “nullies” and what did they try to do during Jackson’s first term? What did Congress pass in 1832?

Did this calm the southerners concerns? Why? (p. 264)

35. Who won between the Unionists and the Nullies in South Carolina’s congressional elections in 1832? What did the

Nullies do in regards to the tariffs? What did they threaten if Washington interfered? (p. 264)

36. How did Jackson respond to the Nullies and their threats? (p. 264)

37. Who organized the compromise known as the Tariff of 1833? Who opposed the tariff? Who approved of it?(p. 265)

37. What was the Force Bill or the Bloody Bill as the Carolinians called it? (p. 265)

38. Did Jackson or the nullies win? Who was the true hero? (p. 265)

39. For many whites, what was their goal in regards to the Native Americans? What was the goal of the Society of

Propagating the Gospel Among Indians? (p. 265)

40. What tribe made attempts to learn the ways of the whites? In what ways did they adopt European lifesyles? What

did Sequoyah create? What tribes made up the “Five Civilized Tribes?” (p. 265)

41. Despite its attempts towards civilization, what did the Georgia state legislature pass in 1828 in regard to the

Cherokee? How did the Supreme Court rule in the case? What did Jackson say about Marshall’s decision? (p. 265)

42. What did Congress pass in 1830? What did the act call for and what tribes were dealt the heaviest blows? What

happened to many of the Native Americans on the force march to the western reservations? (p. 266)

43. What was established in 1836? How long did the Native Americans have a permanent frontier free of whites? (p.

266)

44. What did Black Hawk and his allies resist? Who crushed their revolt? What happened in Florida with the

Seminoles? (p. 267)

45. In Jackson’s eyes, what made the Bank of America so evil? Who was Nicholas Biddle and why was he often

referred to as Czar Nicolas I? (p. 268)

46. When did the Bank War erupt? Why did Clay push to have it renewed in 1832 even though it was not due to expire

to 1836? How did Clay try to use the renewal of the bank as a means to discredit Jackson? (p. 268)

47. Did Jackson sign the renewal bill? What did he do? What affect did the Jackson’s veto have? (p. 269)

48. What two candidates campaigned for the presidential office in 1832? (p. 270)

49. What made the election of 1832 memorable? Who were the Anti-Masons? What else made the election

memorable? (p. 270)

50. Who won the election of 1832 and what was the popular vote and the electoral vote? (p. 270)

51. What did Jackson decide to do with the Bank of America in 1833? How did the Jackson’s cabinet view this move?

What did he have to do to make sure the Bank was closed? (p. 271)

52. What affect did Jacksons’s attack on the Bank of America have on the economy? What was the Specie Circular?

What was the result of the specie circular? (p. 272)

53. What was the one thing that unified the Whigs? Why did they choose this historic name? What men led the Whig

party? Who joined the Whigs? (p. 272)

54. In what ways were the Whigs progressives? How did the Whigs turn Jacksonian rhetoric on its head? (p. 272)

55. Who did Jackson support in the 1836 election? What was the Whigs strategy in the 1836 election? Who was their

favorite candidate? Who won the election in 1836 and what was the popular and electoral vote? (p. 272-273)

56. Martin Van Buren was the first president to be what? Describe him. (p. 273)

57. In what ways was Van Buren’s presidency doomed from the start? (p. 274)

58. What are the main causes of the panic of 1837? What were the results of the Panic of 1837 on the economy and

Americans ? (p. 274)

59. What remedies did the Whigs call for to control the Panic of 1837? How did Van Buren respond? What was the

‘Divorce Bill? Did the Divorce Bill have the desired effect? (p. 274-275)

60. What did the new regime in Mexico City grant Stephen Austin in1823? What were the stipulations of the

agreements? Were they followed? (p. 275)

61. How many Texan Americans were there in 1835? Who were the G.T.T.? Who were three famous Texan

Americans? (p. 275)

62. Over what issues did friction occur between the Texans and the Mexican government? What did Stephen Austin try

try to do in 1833? What did Santa Anna do in 1835? (p. 276)

63. In what year did the Texans claim their independence? What happened at the Alamo and Goliad? What affect did

the Alamo and Goliad have on the Texan war effort? (p. 277)

64. Where did Houston lure Santa Anna and his troops in April of 1836? What did Houston induce Santa Anna to sign?

What were the terms? (p. 280)

65. How did the independence of Texas put the U.S government in a sticky situation? What did Jackson do in 1837?

(p. 280)

66. What did most Texans want? What did they petition for in 1837? How did Northern abolitionists view the

annexation of Texas? Was the slavery plot plausible? (p.280)

67. Who did the Democrats nominate in 1840 for president and who did the Whigs nominate? (p. 280-281)

68. What were Harrison’s political views? How was this a benefit for him? Why did the Whigs adopt a log cabin and

hard cider as the symbols for their campaign? Was the Whig campaign successful? Was their image of Harrison

correct? (p. 281)

69. Who won the election of 1840? What was the electoral and popular vote? (p. 281)

70. How did the Whigs and Democrats plan to attack the issue of depression? (p. 282)

71. What was one major change the election of 1840 demonstrated since the Era of Good Feelings? To whom did

politicians need to pander to in 1840 that was not necessary in the Federalist era? (p. 283)

72. In 1840, who had moved to the political center stage? (p. 283)

73. What was the second major change resulting from the election of 1840? Who were the two political parties that

existed in 1840 and what party did they both claim as their predecessor? (p. 283)

74. What did each party support and stand up for? What were some aspects they had in common? (p. 284)