THE MOST EXACT CHECK OF CPT INVARIANCE
FOR THE (ud) QUARK MASSES
Antonino Zichichi
INFN and University of Bologna, Italy
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Enrico Fermi Centre, Rome, Italy
World Federation of Scientists, Beijing, Geneva, Moscow, New York
In the field of mass measurements the best check of CPT invariance is taken to be the ratio
(1)
This “best check” is not as straight forward as generally believed and could even be wrong. In fact
could be exactly zero despite a strong CPT breaking in the intrinsic quark masses. The reason being in the nature of a meson which is composed by a quark-antiquark pair. There are in fact three sources of masses:
1The one which produces the intrinsic quark masses which is unknown and certainly not due to QCD.
2The QCD confining forces which produce positive masses.
3The QCD induces nuclear binding effect wich produce negative masses. The equality of the binding energy for D and have been established at the 10% level [...... ].
The extremely small value of (1) has its origin in the accuracy of
which is determined from the time-dependent “oscillation” between two particle states (KL, KS) whose “oscillation” depends on
.
From this “oscillation” is determined the mass-difference between the long-lived KL and the short-lived KS,
This result needs to be translated into the mass difference between the K0 and the 0 in order to have
But the K0 meson is a mixture of a quark-antiquark () system and its antiparticle 0 is again a mixture of () system.
The mass difference between the quark (i) and its antiquark (i) could cancel with the mass difference between qj and .The search for an asymmetry between quarks and antiquarks states must have as best source those particle states which consist only of quarks (such as the baryons) and not those particle states which consist of quark-antiquark mixtures (such as the mesons).
The simplest example of a baryon is the proton, whose mass is the result of the following parts:
where
i), md are the intrinsic masses of the elementary constituents, the quarks;
ii), is the mass produced by the QCD colour forces acting between quarks and gluons and confining them within the proton radius.
The same parts appear in the mass of an antiproton
.
If the interaction responsible for the intrinsic mass of a quarkis CPT invariant, if the QCD confining effects and the radiative effects are all CPT invariant the result is
= zero
The experimental value is
(23 ± 42)
The experimental value for the Deuteron-antiDeuteron masses is the purpose of the present work. The mass of the Deuteron is given by
and for the antiDeuteron
.
1