Lab 1

The Language of Anatomy Text Chapter 1

Introduction

This lab is designed to introduce you to some of the terminology used in Anatomy and Physiology and give you general overview of the organization of the body and the location of some of the major organs.

In the course materials in Canvas under Lab Exam IReview Sheetis the complete Review Sheet for the first lab exam.It lists what you are responsible for on the lab exam from each laboratory exercise. Use the Review Sheet as a guide as you study the lab material in this class. The review items are also listed at the end of each lab packet.

Some of the terminology you will have to learn on your own. For example, the terms in Figure 1.05 in the text are important parts of the vocabulary and are not covered completely in this review exercise. You will see which terms are required by looking at the Review Sheet.

As you begin your study of Anatomy and Physiology, you will be using many drawings, photographs, and models. In order to describe body parts and their relationship to each other accurately you will need to learn the standard body position, called anatomical position. In anatomical position the body is erect, face forward, feet together, arms at the side and palms forward. It is basically standing at attention with the palms forward.

No matter what way the body or a body part is drawn, the description is always based on anatomical position. For example, if you stand in a relaxed position with your arms at your side, your thumb is still described as lateral to your pinky finger, even if in the relaxed position it seems to be medial.

How to Proceed

Some parts of this are called Activity Sheetsand should be handed in at the end of lab. Some parts of the exercise are Review ExercisesinCanvas and should be done at home. The Review Exercises in Canvasare due 5 days after you come to lab. It might be helpful to complete the Review Exercises before coming to lab.

  1. Do at Home

Watch the MCC video on using the microscope in Canvas. There will be questions relating to the video in the online lab assignment.

2. Major Organs and Cavities of the Body – Nothing to turn in.

There are two torso models in the lab. The same company made them, but at different times, so the numbering is not the same on both of them. The newer torso looks a bit more purple than the older torso. There are keys to the torsos in the drawers of the torso carts. Please do not remove the torsos from the carts. There is also a torso in the ARC, which is identical to the older torso in the lab.

Using your text and the keys, identify the following organs on the torso. Figures in the chapters or exercises on blood vessels will help with the aorta and venae cavae (vena cavas). You do not need to turn this in.

  • brain
  • descending aorta
  • esophagus
  • heart
  • inferior vena cava
  • kidneys
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • lungs
  • small intestine
  • stomach
  • superior vena cava
  • trachea
  • urinary bladder

Name______Lab Section ______

Turn in these 4 pages at the end of lab.

1. Planes and Sections. Observing Sectioned Specimens. ( Use pages 5 and 6 in the lab manual as a reference.) This will help you understand how important it is for you to know what type of section you are looking at in order to understand what you are seeing.

1. Use the Pla-Doh and the cookie cutter to make three sample shapes for your group, each about ½ inch thick. (One for each member of the group) Use the tip of a pen or pencil to indicate eyes, nose and mouth on each.

2. Using the scalpel, cut the first model along the frontal plane.

4. Using the scalpel, cut the second model along the median or midsagittal plane.

5. Using the scalpel, cut the third model along a transverse plane.

6. Illustrate how you made the cut and draw the appearance of the cut surface of each kidney model.

7. When you are finished, return the Pla-Doh to the container and put it on the front desk.

8 Wash and dry the scalpel and return it to the dissecting instruments box.

Look at the sample below to understand what cut surface means.

Here is an example using an apple and a transverse cut.

How the cut is made.The shape of the cut surface.

Note: this is different from how the cut is made

Arrows – Use to indicate how you made the cut.

Transverse Sagittal Frontal

Frontal Plane

Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.Draw the shape of the cut surface.

Transverse Plane

Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.Draw the shape of the cut surface.

Median or Midsagittal Plane

Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.Draw the shape of the cut surface..

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, Microscope Review and Organ Systems Overview

2. Microscope Review – Turn in at the end of lab

Label at the ends of the leader lines: (Print the labels)

Arm

Base

Coarse adjustment knob

Fine adjustment knob

Iris diaphragm

Light switch

Mechanical Stage

Mechanical stage controls

Objective lens

Ocular lens

Rotating nosepiece

3. Identifying Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity - Turn in at the end of lab

a. Label the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity. Print the labels in the margins at the ends of the leader lines.

b. Place these organs in the correct quadrant. Some may be used more than once.

Liver

Large Intestine

Small Intestine

Stomach

Urinary Bladder

Appendix

Upper right______

Upper left ______

Lower right______

Lower left______

Review For Lab Exam 1

Terminology and Organ Identification: Identify on Figures. This is Figure 1.05 from the Martini text.

Locate on figures in the text or lab manual:

  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Dorsal
  • Ventral
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Distal
  • Proximal

  • Frontal plane
  • Median plane
  • Midsagittal plane
  • Transverse plane
  • Ventral body cavity
  • Vertebral cavity
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Abdominopelvic cavity
  • Abdominal cavity
  • Pelvic cavity

  • Left upper quadrant
  • Right upper quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Right and left hypochondriac regions
  • Right and left lumbar regions
  • Right and left iliac or inguinal regions
  • Epigastric
  • Umbilical
  • Hypogastric

Locate on human torso model:

  • brain
  • descending aorta
  • esophagus
  • heart
  • inferior vena cava
  • kidneys
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • lungs
  • small intestine
  • stomach
  • superior vena cava
  • trachea
  • urinary bladder