The Industrial Revolution:
Life before and the how and why of the changes

  1. Life Before
  1. Rural ______farmers
  2. public lands = “______”
  3. ______upper class, ______lower class, small ______class
  4. life expectancy = ______
  1. Where the Revolution Began
  2. England circa ______
  3. Begins with Agricultural Rev.
  4. ______– common lands taken over for large estates
  5. = ______
  6. No work, villagers go to ______
  7. = ______
  8. Why the Revolution Began
  9. Population = ______in 1700, ______million, 1900
  10. British movement toward ______.
  11. ______companies
  12. ______= TECH stuff (most based on water or ______)
  13. England = ______:
  14. ______to run water mills
  15. ______and ______
  16. Production Changes
  17. ______– making lots of identical stuff
  18. Interchangeable Parts – ______, not individually crafted
  19. Division of ______- repetitive tasks in factories
  20. ______ – machines do what was done by hand (bulky machines, move to ______)
  21. Questions to Think About

In ______coal mines were close to factories and cities.
In ______coal mines were far from factories and cities.
How might history have been different if the closest sources of coal available to Britain were, say, in the Carpathian Mountains of southeastern Europe?

  1. Problems
  2. ______growth of cities=______
  3. Low ______; child labor; no gov’t ______(WHY NOT???)
  4. ______conditions
  5. No labor ______
  6. Business cycles – wild swings of ______, economic ______, and recovery
  7. Benefits
  8. Europe more dominant ______
  9. Middle class had ______standard of living increases
  10. ______of goods goes ______, so people have access to great stuff
  11. ______, communication, ______all revolutionized

Primary Source Investigation
Directions: Read the two sources below and answer the accompanying questions.

Source #1: Robert Southey, English Romantic poet, after visiting Manchester in 1807, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society, 1829.

A place more destitute than Manchester is not easy to conceive. In size and population it is the second city of the kingdom. Imagine this multitude crowded together in narrow streets, the houses build of brick and blackened with smoke: frequent buildings among them as large as convents, without their antiquity, without their beauty, without their holiness, where you hear from within, the everlasting din of machinery; and where, when the bell rings, it is to call the wretches to their work instead of their prayers.

Source #2: Wheelan and Co., preface to a business directory on Manchester, 1852.

Perhaps no part of England, not even London, presents such remarkable and attractive features as Manchester, the Workshop of the World. It is to the energetic exertions and enterprising spirit of its population that Manchester is mainly indebted to its elevation as a seat of commerce and manufacture, which it has recently attained and for which it is distinguished beyond any other town in the British Dominions, or indeed the world. There is scarcely a country on the face of the habitable globe into which the fruits of its industry have not entered.

1.What is the main point of the author of #1?

2.What is the main point of the author of #2?

3.Despite the fact that both of these documents have opposite perspectives, they can both be considered useful information and true to some extent. What can we learn about cities that industrialized like Manchester, England, based on these two sources?