The Illinois Open 2007: Spite of the Long Knives
Round 2
Lafer/Westbrook (Lafer, Westbrook)
Tossups
1. This territory became famous for producing sisal, a crop introduced to it from Mexico by agronomist Richard Hindorf. It was the site of an uprising led by the prophet Kinjikitile Ngwale, who convinced people that they could turn bullets into water with a holy liquid potion – this uprising, the Maji-Maji rebellion, was quashed here in 1905. It was governed by Sir Donald Cameron after being founded by Karl Peters and its administrative centers included Tabora, the site of its railway station. A schoolteacher founded its nationalist party, TANU, in 1959; that man Julius Nyerere soon after proposed that this initially German colony unite to form a modern-day nation with Zanzibar. FTP, name this colony which is now part of Tanzania.
ANSWER: Tanganyika (or German East Africa before Cameron)
2. Falke and Sitte discovered the “ledge irregularity” which appears at the edge of this formation. It’s often detectible in many species as a small dot appearing after the initiation of phi thickening; Steudle and Peterson proposed that it is semipermeable. It acts to prevent apoplastic transport, through the ECM and wall spaces, and forces material to take the symplastic route, across plasmodesmata, in order to reach the stele. Composed mostly of suberin, it extends along the radial and transverse walls of the endodermal cells. FTP, name this waxy layer between the endodermis and pericycle in plants which blocks passive flow of water and minerals, a type of strip named for some dude.
ANSWER: Casparian strip
3. Many societies of artists of this school were formed, including OBMOKhU and UNOVIS. Neville Brody has recently used this style in graphic design, and the theater director Meyerhold adapted its forms to the stage. At the Bauhaus this style was taught by Oskar Schelmmer and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Among its most famous members were El Lissitzky, who created its famous propaganda piece “Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge”, Liubov Popova, Alexander Rodchenko, and the brothers Naum Gabo and Antoine Pevsner, all Russians. FTP, identify this art movement best exemplified by Vladimir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International, whose works were often styled to resemble engineering designs or other technological advances.
ANSWER: Constructivism
4. His mother, Emily, died while giving birth to him, although he has seen her in visions since then. His earlier teachers include Olivia and her husband, Horace, a mathematician, and his greatest friendship was with a girl named Annie, who carved a doll in his likeness that he has kept to this day. His father, Roger, was a workman who was prone to forgetting his birthday. In his first appearance he was caught in a net by Rousseau, after which he assumed the identity of an African-American balloonist, Henry Gale. Originally a member of the Dharma Initiative, he was a leader of the purge on that group. In his most recent appearance he was beaten by Jack after shooting Locke. Portrayed by actor Michael Emerson, FTP identify this character onLost, the series' current primary antagonist.
ANSWER:Benjamin Linus (prompt on “Henry Gale”)
5. In minor sub-plots, the nobleman Villuppo betrays his friend Alexandro, and the old man Bazulto relates a story to the protagonist that mirrors his own predicament. The plot is framed around a journey to the Underworld and meeting with Persephone of Andrea, a nobleman who was killed by the prince of Portugal, Balthazar, over a woman, Bel-Imperia. The second half of the play focuses on Lorenzo and Balthazar's murder of Bel-Imperia's lover Horatio, and the subsequent revenge by the protagonist, Horatio's father, during a “mock play” where nearly every named character in the play is stabbed. Said to be one of the inspirations of Hamlet's plot, FTP name this play featuring the possibly-mad Knight-Marshal Hieronimo, the best-known work of Thomas Kyd.
ANSWER: The Spanish Tragedyor Hieronimo is Mad Againe
6. This theory was conclusively confirmed by Neil Opdyke of the Lamont group. Its formulator was inspired by a phrase used by Bruce Heezen; work done by Arthur Raff and Ronald Mason the previous year had lent support to this theory and paved the way for the Vine-Matthews hypothesis. Coined in name by Robert Dietz, it was confirmed by the discovery of irregular bands or stripes of alternately strong and weak magnetism in a pattern, supporting what had been first proposed by Harry Hess at Princeton University - that new crust was constantly being generated. For ten points, name this theory which explained continental drift and held that new crust was formed from cooling magma at mid-ocean ridges.
ANSWER: seafloor spreading
7. This structure's roof was pyramidal and held up a sculpture of a quadriga chariot. Sculptural reliefs on its sides were created by Leochares, Bryaxis, Timotheus and Scopus, who were hired by the queen Artemisia II of Caria, and they were specifically instructed only to create sculptures of humans or animals rather than of gods. Its main architects were Satyrius and Pythis, who covered brick with Proconnesian marble, a construction copied by Alexander the Great for his own tomb. Before it was destroyed by earthquake and then razed to make way for the Templars' Bodrum Castle, it was included in a list created by Antipater of Sidon. FTP, identify this now-lost tomb once located at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
ANSWER: Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus
8. This work ends with a chapter entitled “Elements of Anti-Semitism,” after which are some “Notes and Drafts.” An earlier chapter is an “Excursus” on the Marquis de Sade’s Juliette, in which the character Juliette is described as a Cartesian dualist. The preface explains that the work is meant to explain why humanity is sinking into a new kind of barbarism, and the famous chapter “The Culture Industry,” describes the effects of the mass media of the 20th century. Earlier there is an excursus on Odysseus, which relates to this work’s central thesis that myth is already present in the title idea and that idea is “reverting to mythology.” For ten points, name this classic of the Frankfurt School written by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno.
ANSWER: Dialectic of Enlightenment
9. The filters named for this man have a steeper roll-off than Butterworth filters, and are so named because his namesake polynomials appear in the expression for the transfer function. Those polynomials are also used in Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature and their roots are useful in polynomial interpolation. He was the first to prove Bertrand’s postulate that there always lies a prime between n and 2n, and his namesake arithmetic function is equal to sum of the logarithms of the primes less than a given number. For ten points, identify this Russian mathematician whose inequality gives an upper bound for the probability that a random variable is at least a certain distance from the mean.
ANSWER: Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev
10. This man put forth a theory on the formation of sentences intended to refute Hermann Paul’s theory, using the example that, in the sentence “Grass is green,” our representation of grass contains our representation of green. He was given a typewriter as a gift by his student James Mckeen Cattell; he posited that the mind constructs “psychic resultants” which are formed by associations or apperceptive combinations. His first publication was Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception, after which he formulated his theory of introspection, and then wrote Lectures on the Mind of Humans Animals. Another important idea of his is the tridimensional theory of feeling, discovered while employing physiological techniques in his famous laboratory. FTP, name this German-born “Father of Experimental Psychology.”
ANSWER: Wilhelm Wundt
11. This city includes the neighborhoods of Hipódromo, Villa Morra, and Sajonia. Its adjacent cities include Luque, which is home to its major airport, as well as Areguá and Lambaré. It represents the southeast terminal of the Pilcomayo River, which joins another river very shortly before getting to this city. To its immediate southwest, in another nation but on the same river, lies the large city of Formosa. This city, which sits at the eastern edge of the Gran Chaco, is now the seat of government for President Nicanor Duarte. FTP, name this city which was for many years the seat of Alfredo Stroessner’s government, since it is the capital of Paraguay.
ANSWER: Asunción
12. The genesis of this work can be seen in the author's earlier “Genealogy of my Hero” and “Yezersky” and it is often seen as a reply to “Digression”, the third portion of Adam Mickiewicz's “Forefather's Eve”. It remains unclear whether the author's sympathy lies with the protagonist and his wife Parasha, who is killed, or with the state, symbolized both by the work of E.M. Falconet in the poem's title and the uncontrollable flooding of the Neva River that causes the poem's central tragedy. The spiteful protagonist, Yevgeny is chased by the spirit of Peter the Great, embodied in the title equestrian statue, in FTP what poetic work of Alexander Pushkin?
ANSWER: “The Bronze Horseman” (“Medny vsadnik”)
13. During the negotiation of this treaty, one side suggested a possible triple alliance could be formed by it and the Peace of Basilea, which was just about to be signed, but that was refused. The diplomat William Short was a key figure on one side; the other featured a man who was dubbed the “Prince of the Peace” for his work at Basilea. There was dispute for a few years as to whether it would be enforced, especially since Governor Carondelet insisted on continuing his money-making “western scheme.” It was signed by Manuel de Godoy and its namesake, established the 31st` parallel as a boundary, and was officially dubbed the “Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation.” FTP, name this 1796 treaty between the US and Spain.
ANSWER: Pinckney’s Treaty (or the Treaty of San Lorenzo)
14. The sequel to this work, titled American Hunger, was originally not published because the Book of the Month Club did not like its pessimistic ending. The narrator of the work describes many figures from his past, such as Uncle Hoskins, who is killed when his saloon becomes too successful; Ella, a schoolteacher who introduces the narrator to literature with Bluebeard, and his mother Ella and cowardly father Nathan. His problems increase in adolescence after Pease and Reynolds cause him to be fired from his job at the optician's, though he meets a few friendly people like Falk, who gives him his whites-only library card, and the Hoffmans, who employ him after he moves to Chicago and joins the John Reed Society. FTP, identify this autobiography written in the form of a novel by Richard Wright.
ANSWER: Black Boy
15. This man's favorite dance choreographer was Josias Priest, and Thomas Betterton wrote many of his libretti, including Dioclesian His early career consisted mainly of music for plays, such as Tyrannick Love, The Virtuous Wife, and Epsom Wells, most of which he did under the tutelage of John Blow. He is known for a genre sometimes called “semi-opera”, among which are versions of The Tempest and Timon of Athens and an adaptation of a story by Robert Howard and John Dryden, The Indian Queen. One of his most famous works includes the arias “Ah, Belinda” and “When I am Laid in Earth” and another is based off of A Midsummer Night's Dream. FTP, name this English composer of Dido and Aeneas and The Faerie Queen.
ANSWER: Henry Purcell
16. This justice wrote the majority opinion in Leary v. United States, holding that the Marijuana Tax Act violated the Fifth Amendment. He also wrote the majority in Cohen v. California, in which he defended the words “Fuck the Draft” printed on a jacket by famously saying that “one man’s vulgarity is another man’s lyric.” His concurrence in Griswold rejected the penumbra doctrine and declared that the Due Process Clause “stands on its own bottom.” Nominated to replace Robert Jackson, he has been described as the “great dissenter of the Warren court.” His grandfather was himself the lone dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson and shared the same name. FTP, name this justice whose first two names are the same as the third Chief Justice.
ANSWER: John Marshall Harlan (II)
17. In the 19th century, JA Wylie wrote a history of this religious people; they’ve also been chronicled by Emilio Comba and John Leger, a pastor belonging to this group. Their coat of arms features a candle with seven stars and they employed traveling teachers known as barba. A splinter group of them returned to orthodoxy after the Council of Pamiers, including their nominal leader at the time Durand of Huesca. They are sometimes known as insabbati, perhaps for their link with wooden sandals, and claimed descent from the pure church of Sylvester, but most historians today simply trace them to a wealthy merchant from Lyons. FTP, name this heretical sect which preached extreme poverty in the late 12th century and was named for a man later called Peter.
ANSWER: Waldensians (Waldenses)
18. A recently discovered exciton-polariton system may have the properties of one of these combined with those of a laser. The transition from this to a normal state in thin films is modeled by Kosterlitz-Thouless theory, and a geometric pattern caused by a monopole singularity in one of these is called a boojum. One property of these is infinite thermal conductivity, which results in the fountain effect, and a thin layer known as the Rollin film creeps along the walls of a container. Anthony Leggett and Douglas Osheroff have won Nobel prizes for work on them, and they were first discovered by Kapitsa, Allen, and Misener. Helium transitions to this state around 2.17 K, a temperature known as the lambda point. For ten points, identify this phase of matter, exemplified by helium-3 and helium-4, which occurs when viscosity reaches zero.
ANSWER: superfluid(s) or superfluidity
19. A semi-fictional account of this man’s life was written in 1844 by Charles Fenno Hoffman, portraying him as a hero. Once captured by Moorish pirates, he became well-respected after purchasing the freedom from slavery of a family of French Huguenots and then buying a tract of land from John Pell known today as New Rochelle. After his most famous action, he appointed his son-in-law Milbourne to manage a defense against the Indians and refused to accede to the demands of Richard Ingoldsby. He did draft a letter of resignation once Henry Sloughter arrived, after the departure of the previous governor Francis Nicholson, but he was still sentenced to death for treason. FTP, name this German immigrant who led a rebellion in 1689 in colonial New York.
ANSWER: Jacob Leisler
20. In the opening scene one character wants another to tell a story that begins with the words “Then at last we arrived”; after the man complains that he has told the same story for 75 years, the woman admits that she eats salt every night to erase her memory. The first guest to arrive on the scene is the Lady, and the second, the Colonel, spills his cigarettes on the floor and is yelled at by the female protagonist. Sexual tension is introduced with the entrance of Belle and her husband, a photo-engraver, who blatantly flirt with the two main characters until the arrival of the Emperor. The only visible characters in the play are the Orator, who turns out to be deaf-mute, and the Old Man and Old Woman, who set up the title objects for a party of invisible guests. FTP, identify this play by Eugene Ionesco concerning furniture.
ANSWER: The Chairs or Les Chaises
21. The High Authority was its central governing body, but the lack of checks on its power by the lesser members led to the formation of a Council of Ministers and a Court of Justice and the refusal of England to join, and some of its chairmen included Rene Mayer, Rinaldo del Bo and Albert Coppe. Its formulator and first president was Jean Monnet, who headed the group from Luxembourg, though the major public plea for this alliance was by the French foreign minister, Robert Schuman, who wished to pool the resources of the Ruhr and Saar valleys. FTP, identify this union formed in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris of six Western European nations, which later joined with the Atomic Energy and Economic communities, and was based upon two natural resources.
ANSWER: European Coal & Steel Community (ECSC)
22. This man was in constant revolt against his father, having joined the Praguerie and conspired against his father's mistress Agnes Sorel. His own closest advisors included his former barber, Olivier Le Daim, Cardinal Balue and Tristan L'Hermite. He had no shortage of enemies even in his own country, as the comte de Dunois, the duke of Alencon, and Francis II, duke of Brittany, were at constant war with him and even pooled their resources with his greatest rival in a group called the League of the Public Weal. Abroad, he tolerated the presence of the exiled Henry VI and allied with him against Edward IV in the Wars of the Roses. FTP, name this son of Charles VII, the king of France from 1461 to 1483, whose frequent machinations earned him the nickname “The Spider”