• CHAPTER 19 WORLD WAR II, 1939-1945
• SECTION 1
• THE GERMAN PATH TO WAR
• ______BELIEVED THAT GERMANY NEEDED MORE LAND TO SUPPORT MORE GERMAN PEOPLE.
• HITLER WANTED TO REVISE THE “______” PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES.
• FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND ITALY ______HITLER’S MOVES.
• DUE TO PROBLEMS AT HOME CAUSED BY THE______, THEY WERE NOT PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION.
• HITLER BECAME CONVINCED THAT THE ______WOULD NOT STOP HIM FROM BREAKING THE PROVISIONS OF THE______.
• IN MARCH OF 1936, HITLER SENT GERMAN TROOPS INTO THE______, WHICH WAS SUPPOSED TO BE A______.
• FRANCE WOULD NOT OPPOSE ______FOR THIS ACTION WITHOUT ______HELP.
• GREAT BRITAIN SAW HITLER’S ACTIONS AS ______.
• THIS WAS THE BEGINNING OF THE ______, ONE BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT IF EUROPEAN STATES SATISFIED ______DEMANDS OF DISSATISFIED STATES, THE DISSATISFIED STATES WOULD BE ______AND PEACE WOULD BE PRESERVED.
• IN 1936, BOTH ITALY AND GERMANY SENT TROOPS TO SPAIN TO SUPPORT GENERAL ______.
• LATER IN THE YEAR, HITLER AND MUSSOLINI BECAME ALLIES AND FORMED THE ______.
• GERMANY ALSO SIGNED THE ______WITH JAPAN FORMING AN ALLIANCE AGAINST COMMUNISM.
• LATER ITALY, GERMANY, AND JAPAN JOINED FORCES TO FORM THE ______.
• IN 1938, HITLER PURSUED A LONG-HELD GOAL, UNION WITH AUSTRIA, OR ______WHICH WAS ______BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES.
• IN 1938, HITLER DEMANDED THAT THE ______IN NORTHWESTERN ______BE GIVEN TO GERMANY.
• ______OF GREAT BRITAIN, ______OF FRANCE, ______OF ITALY, AND ______OF GERMANY MET IN MUNICH.
• THE LEADERS OF THESE COUNTRIES GAVE IN TO ALL OF HITLER’S DEMANDS AND GERMAN TROOPS SOON ENTERED CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
• AFTER THE______, BRITISH PRIME MINISTER, NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN, ANNOUNCED THAT THE SETTLEMENT MEANT “______.”
• HITLER HAD PROMISED GERMANY WOULD MAKE ______IF HE WAS GRANTED THIS TERRITORY.
• MARCH 1939, HITLER INVADES WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA.
• FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN BEGAN TO REACT.
• GREAT BRITAIN SAID IT WOULD PROTECT ______IF HITLER INVADED.
• FRANCE AND BRITAIN BEGAN NEGOTIATIONS WITH______, THE SOVIET DICTATOR.
• THEY KNEW THEY WOULD NEED THE SOVIET UNION TO HELP CONTAIN THE NAZIS.
• HITLER WAS AFRAID OF AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN ______AND THE ______.
• IN AUGUST OF 1939, GERMANY AND THE SOVIET UNION SIGNED THE ______.
• THEY PROMISED NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER FOR ______AND HITLER OFFERED STALIN EASTERN ______AND THE ______.
• ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1939, GERMANY INVADED ______AND WWII HAD BEGUN. (GB&FRANCE)
• THE JAPANESE PATH TO WAR
• IN SEPTEMBER 1931, JAPANESE SOLDIERS SEIZED______.
• THE JAPANESE CLAIMED THAT THE CHINESE HAD ATTACKED THEM.
• IN FACT THE JAPANESE HAD ______THEMSELVES DISGUISED AS CHINESE SOLDIERS. (MUKDEN INCIDENT)
• WHEN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS INVESTIGATED AND CONDEMNED THE ATTACK, ______WITHDREW FROM THE LEAGUE.
• BY THE MID-1930’S, ______HAD GAINED CONTROL OF JAPANESE POLITICS.
• THE U.S. OPPOSED THE TAKEOVER OF ______, BUT DID NOTHING TO STOP IT.
• ______TRIED TO AVOID A WAR WITH JAPAN.
• HE WAS MORE CONCERNED WITH THE THREAT FROM THE ______.
• THE JAPANESE PLANNED TO SEIZE SOVIET SIBERIA.
• DURING THE 1930’S, JAPAN BEGAN TO COOPERATE WITH ______.
• THE JAPANESE THOUGHT THAT THEY AND GERMANY COULD DEFEAT THE ______AND DIVIDE IT RESOURCES.
• THE NAZI-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT FORCED THE ______TO RETHINK THEIR GOALS.
• JAPAN NEEDED ______AND WAS LOOKING TO EXPAND INTO SOUTHEAST ASIA.
• THEY KNEW THAT THEY RISKED STRONG RESPONSE FROM ______.
• AFTER DEMANDING RIGHTS IN FRENCH INDOCHINA, THE U.S. RESPONDED BY IMPOSING ______, UNLESS JAPAN WITHDREW TO ITS BORDERS OF 1931.
• THE JAPANESE BADLY NEEDED ______FROM THE U.S.
• IN THE END, AFTER LONG DEBATE, JAPAN DECIDED TO LAUNCH A ______ON U.S. AND EUROPEAN COLONIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
• SECTION 2
• EUROPE AT WAR
• THE INVASION OF POLAND TOOK JUST FOUR WEEKS.
• THE ______OF THE GERMAN ARMY STUNNED THE WORLD.
• CALLED ______OR “LIGHTNING WAR”, THE GERMANS USED ______DIVISIONS THAT WERE SUPPORTED BY AIRPLANES.
• THE FRENCH HAD FORTIFIED THEIR BORDER WITH GERMANY ALONG THE ______, BUT THE GERMANS SURPRISED THEM BY GOING AROUND IT.
• THE GERMANS TRAPPED THE ENTIRE BRITISH ARMY AND FRENCH FORCES ON THE ______.
• THE BRITISH NAVY AND PRIVATE BOATS WERE ABLE TO EVACUATE ______ALLIED TROOPS.
GERMANY NOW OCCUPIED THREE-FIFTHS OF FRANCE.
• AN______FRENCH REGIME UNDER GERMAN CONTROL WAS SET UP TO GOVERN THE REST OF THE COUNTRY.
• LED BY ______, IT WAS NAMED ______FRANCE.
• GERMANY NOW CONTROLLED WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE.
• ONLY ______REMAINED UNDEFEATED.
• THE BRITISH ASKED THE U.S. FOR HELP.
• THE U.S. HAD A STRICT POLICY OF ______.
• A SERIES OF ______PASSED IN THE 1930’S (‘35, ‘37, ‘39) PREVENTED THE U.S. FROM INVOLVEMENT IN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.
• OVER TIME, THE LAWS WERE SLOWLY RELAXED AND THE U.S. SENT ______TO BRITAIN. (DESTROYERS FOR BASES DEAL AND THE LEND-LEASE ACT)
• IN AUGUST 1940, THE ______—GERMAN AIR FORCE—BEGAN A MAJOR BOMBING OFFENSIVE AGAINST MILITARY TARGETS IN BRITAIN KNOWN AS THE______.
• IN SEPTEMBER, HITLER RETALIATED TO A BRITISH ______(RAF) ATTACK ON BERLIN BY SHIFTING ATTACKS FROM ______TO ______.
• THE SHIFT IN STRATEGY ALLOWED THE BRITISH TO REBUILD THEIR AIR POWER AND INFLICT ______ON THE GERMANS.
• HAVING LOST THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN, HITLER ______THE INVASION OF BRITAIN INDEFINITELY AT THE END OF SEPTEMBER.
• HITLER THOUGHT THE BRITISH WERE RESISTING ONLY BECAUSE THEY WERE EXPECTING ______.
• HE ALSO THOUGHT THE SOVIETS COULD BE ______.
• IN JUNE 1941, HITLER INVADED THE SOVIET UNION BREAKING THE ______.
BY NOVEMBER, THE GERMANS WERE WITHIN 25 MILES OF MOSCOW.
• THE ______CAME EARLY AND COMBINED WITH FIERCE RESISTANCE THE GERMANS WERE FORCED TO HALT.
• THIS MARKED THE ______IN THE WAR THAT THE GERMANS HAD BEEN______.
• THE GERMANS WERE NOT EQUIPPED FOR THE HARSH RUSSIAN WINTER.
• IN DECEMBER, THE SOVIET ARMY COUNTERATTACKED.
• JAPAN AT WAR
• ON DECEMBER 7, 1941, THE JAPANESE ATTACKED THE U.S. NAVAL BASE AT ______IN HAWAII.
• THEY LATER ATTACKED THE PHILIPPINES, MALAYA, AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES AS WELL AS OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE PACIFIC.
• BY THE SPRING OF 1942, THE JAPANESE CONTROLLED ALMOST ALL OF ______AND MUCH OF THE ______.
• THE JAPANESE CREATED THE ______, WHICH INCLUDED THE ENTIRE REGION UNDER JAPANESE CONTROL. (NATURAL RESOURCES)
• THE JAPANESE THOUGHT THAT THEIR ATTACKS ON THE U.S. FLEET WOULD ______THE U.S. NAVY AND LEAD THE AMERICANS TO ACCEPT ______DOMINATION IN THE PACIFIC.
HOWEVER, THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR HAD THE ______.
• IT ______THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND ______THE NATION THAT IT SHOULD ENTER THE WAR AGAINST JAPAN.
• FOUR DAYS AFTER PEARL HARBOR, ______DECLARED WAR ON THE U.S. (WHY?)
• WORLD WAR II HAD BECOME A ______.
• THE ALLIES ADVANCE
• A NEW COALITION WAS FORMED CALLED THE ______THAT INCLUDED GREAT BRITAIN, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE U.S.
• THEY AGREED IN 1943 TO FIGHT UNTIL THE AXIS POWERS—GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN—SURRENDERED______.
• THE GERMANS WERE ALSO FIGHTING IN NORTH AFRICA.
• THE ______UNDER GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (DESERT FOX) BROKE THOROUGH BRITISH LINES IN EGYPT.
• BY THE FALL OF 1942, THE WAR HAD TURNED AGAINST THE GERMANS.
• ON THE EASTERN FRONT, HITLER DECIDED TO ATTACK ______, A MAJOR SOVIET INDUSTRIAL CENTER.
• BETWEEN NOVEMBER 1942 AND FEBRUARY 1943 THE SOVIETS ______.
• THEY SURROUNDED THE GERMANS AND CUT OFF THEIR ______.
• IN MAY, THE GERMANS WERE FORCED TO ______.
• THE GERMAN ARMY LOST SOME OF THEIR BEST TROOPS, THE ______, AND HITLER REALIZED THAT HE ______DEFEAT THE SOVIET UNION.
IN 1942, THE ALLIES HAD THEIR FIRST SUCCESSES IN THE ______.
• IN THE BATTLE OF THE ______IN MAY, AMERICAN NAVAL FORCES STOPPED THE JAPANESE AND SAVED ______FROM INVASION .
• IN JUNE, THE ______WAS THE ______IN THE WAR IN THE ______.
• U.S. PLANES DESTROYED FOUR JAPANESE ______AND ESTABLISHED NAVAL SUPERIORITY.
• ONE MAJOR OPERATION OF ALLIED FORCES LED BY GERNERAL ______, WOULD MOVE ACROSS THE PACIFIC CAPTURING SOME OF THE JAPANESE-HELD ISLANDS AND ENDING UP IN JAPAN.
• THIS WAS CALLED THE “ISLAND ______CAMPAIGN”.
• LAST YEARS OF THE WAR
• IN SEPTEMBER 1943, THE ALLIES MOVED NORTH AND INVADED ITALY.
• ______CALLED ITALY THE “SOFT UNDERBELLY” OF EUROPE.
• ______WAS REMOVED FROM OFFICE.
• HOWEVER, THE GERMANS RESCUED MUSSOLINI AND SET HIM UP AS DICTATOR OF A ______IN NORTHERN ITALY.
• THE ALLIES HAD LONG BEEN PLANNING A “______” IN WESTERN EUROPE.
• THEY PLANNED TO INVADE FRANCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN ACROSS THE ______.
• ON JUNE 6, 1944 (______), THE ALLIES UNDER U.S. GERNERAL ______LANDED ON THE BEACHES IN ______.
• BECAUSE THE GERMANS THOUGHT THE INVASION WAS A ______, THEY WERE SLOW TO RESPOND.
• THIS GAVE THE ALLIES THE CHANCE TO SET UP A ______.
• BY LANDING TWO MILLION MEN AND A HALF-MILLION VEHICLES, THE ALLIES EVENTUALLY BROKE THROUGH THE GERMAN LINES.
• ______WAS LIBERATED BY THE END OF AUGUST.
• IN MARCH OF 1945, THE ALLIES CROSSED THE ______.
• IN THE NORTH THEY LINKED UP WITH THE ______THAT WAS MOVING FROM THE EAST.
• BY JANUARY 1945, HITLER HAD MOVED INTO AN______IN BERLIN.
• IN THE END HE BLAMED THE ______FOR THE WAR.
• ON ______, 1945, HE COMMITTED SUICIDE.
• TWO DAYS BEFORE, ______—RESISTANCE FIGHTERS—HAD SHOT MUSSOLINI.
• ON ______, GERMAN COMMANDERS SURRENDERED, AND THE WAR IN EUROPE WAS OVER. (V-E DAY)
• THE WAR IN ASIA CONTINUED.
• AS THE ALLIES CAME CLOSER TO THE JAPANESE HOME ISLANDS IN 1945, U.S. PRESIDENT ______DECIDED TO DROP ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPANESE CITIES.
• HE HOPED THAT THIS WOULD AVOID AN______OF JAPAN.
• THE FIRST BOMB WAS DROPPED ON THE CITY OF ______ON AUGUST 6, 1945.
• THREE DAYS LATER, AUGUST 9, 1945, A SECOND BOMB WAS DROPPED ON ______.
• BOTH CITIES WERE COMPLETELY DESTROYED.
• THE JAPANESE SURRENDERED ON AUGUST 14, 1945.
• HOWEVER, THE ______DID NOT TAKE PLACE UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2, 1945, ON BOARD THE ______. (V-J DAY)
• SECTION 3
• THE NEW ORDER IN EUROPE
• ______, THE SS LEADER, WAS PUT IN CHARGE OF GERMAN RESETTLEMENT PLANS IN THE EAST.
• THIS MEANT TO MOVE SLAVIC PEOPLE OUT AND REPLACE THEM WITH______.
• HIMMLER STATED THAT GERMAN PLANS COULD INVOLVE KILLING ______SLAVS.
• THE HOLOCAUST
• HITLER DIRECTED THAT JEWS IN EUROPE BE ______COMPLETELY.
• HIS PLAN WAS CALLED ______.
• THE _____UNDER HIMMLER WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR CARRYING OUT THE FINAL SOLUTION.
• THE FINAL SOLUTION WAS ______, OR THE PHYSICAL EXTERMINATION, OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE.
• ______WAS THE HEAD OF THE SS’S SECURITY SERVICE.
• HE WAS IN CHARGE OF ______.
• HE CREATED SPECIAL FORCES, CALLED ______, TO CARRY OUT NAZI PLANS.
• IN JUNE 1941, THE EINSATZGRUPPEN BEGAN ACTING AS MOBILE KILLING UNITS.
• THEY FOLLOWED THE ARMY, ROUNDED UP ALL JEWS, AND EXECUTED THEM.
• THE NEXT STEP WAS TO BUILD ______.
• SIX DEATH CAMPS WERE BUILT IN ______.
• THE LARGEST WAS ______.
• ABOUT 30% OF THE ARRIVALS WERE SENT TO WORK IN LABOR CAMPS. MANY WERE STARVED OR WORKED TO DEATH.
• THE REST WAS EXTERMINATED IN MASS ______.
• OVER 3 MILLION JEWS WERE KILLED IN THE DEATH CAMPS.
• IN ALL, THE GERMANS KILLED BETWEEN ______JEWS.
• THE HOLOCAUST WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEATHS OF NEARLY ______EUROPEAN JEWS.
• THE NAZIS WERE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEATHS OF AT LEAST NINE TO TEN MILLION NON-JEWISH PROPLE.
• THIS MASS SLAUGHTER OF EUROPEAN CIVILIANS, PARTICULARLY EUROPEAN JEWS, IS CALLED THE ______.
• IN MANY PLACES, ______(PEOPLE WHO ASSISTED THE ENEMY) HELPED THE NAZIS FIND JEWS.
• THE NEW ORDER IN ASIA
• THE JAPANESE USED THE SLOGAN “______.”
• THEY CONTACTED ______FORCES AND PROMISED THEM THAT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WOULD BE SET UP UNDER JAPANESE CONTROL.
• HOWEVER, EACH TERRITORY WAS ACTUALLY RUN BY THE ______.
• LIKE THE GERMANS, THE JAPANESE HAD ______FOR THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN OCCUPIED COUNTRIES.
• IN ______, CHINA, THE JAPANESE SOLDIERS LOOTED THE CITY AND KILLED AND RAPED ITS PEOPLE.
• BY THE END OF THE WAR, FEW PEOPLE IN OCCUPIED ______SUPPORTED THE JAPANESE.
• SECTION 4
• THE MOBILIZATION OF PEOPLES
• EVEN MORE THAN WWI, WWII WAS A ______.
• ECONOMIC ______WAS MORE EXTENSIVE.
• THE WAR HAD AN ENORMOUS IMPACT ON ______IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD.
• IN THE ______INITIAL DEFEATS LED TO DRASTIC EMERGENCY MEASURES.
• LENINGRAD WAS UNDER SIEGE FOR ______.
• OVER A MILLION PEOPLE DIED THERE DUE TO ______.
• PEOPLE HAD TO EAT DOGS, CATS, AND MICE.
• IN 1943, THE U.S. WAS BUILDING ______A DAY AND NINETY-SIX THOUSAND ______PER YEAR.
• ______WERE PROFOUNDLY IMPACTED BY THE WAR.
• OVER A MILLION AFRICAN AMERICANS MOVED FROM THE SOUTH TO CITIES IN THE NORTH AND WEST TO WORK IN ______.
• AFRICAN AMERICANS JOINED THE MILITARY AND SERVED IN ______.
• JAPANESE AMERICANS ON THE WEST COAST WERE MOVED TO ______AWAY FROM THE OCEAN.
• THEY WERE THE ______TO BE TREATED IN THIS MANNER.
• SIXTY-FIVE PERCENT OF THEM HAD BEEN BORN IN THE ______.
• FOR THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF THE WAR HITLER REFUSED TO CUT ______PRODUCTION, A DECISION THAT MAY HAVE COST GERMANY THE WAR.
• EARLY IN 1942, HITLER INCREASED ______AND THE SIZE OF THE ARMY.
• ______BECAME MINISTER FOR ARMAMENTS AND MUNITIONS.
• SPEER TRIPLED ARMAMENT PRODUCTION BETWEEN 1942 AND 1943.
• IN JULY 1944, THE GERMAN ECONOMY WAS ______.
• IN THE FINAL YEARS OF THE WAR, YOUNG JAPANESE VOLUNTEERED TO SERVE AS ______AGAINST U.S. SHIPS.
• THEY WERE CALLED ______(“DIVINE WIND”) PILOTS.
• THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT OPPOSED EMPLOYING______.
• ______, THE JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER FROM 1941 TO 1944, ARGUED THAT EMPLOYING WOMEN WOULD WEAKEN THE FAMILY SYSTEM AND THE NATION.
• THE JAPANESE MET LABOR SHORTAGES BY USING ______LABORERS.
• FRONTLINE CIVILIANS: THE BOMBING OF CITIES
• BOMBING WAS USED AGAINST MILITARY TARGETS, ENEMY TROOPS, AND CIVILIAN POPULATIONS.
• WWII WAS THE FIRST WAR IN WHICH LARGE MASSES OF ______WERE BOMBED.
• THE FIRST SUSTAINED CIVILIAN BOMBING WAS DONE BY THE GERMANS AGAINST ______.
• FOR MONTHS, THE GERMANS BOMBED THE CITY NIGHTLY.