Name ______Block ______Date ______

The Flu: Guided Notes

Directions: Watch the 2nd half of “Body Story: Episode 1” which begins at 25:10, and follow along using these guided notes. The video can be found here:

Main Ideas / Notes
Phase 1 – Transmission & Invasion of the Influenza B Virus
Phase 2 – The Virus Clones Itself
Phase 3– The Immune System
Phase 4 – The First Symptom of the Flu Appears
Phase 5 – Interleukins and the Body’s Struggle against the Flu
Phase 6 – Full-Fledged Flu
Phase 7 – Dendritic Cells, T-Cells, and
B-Cells
Phase 8 – T-Cells Strike Back
Phase 9 – Virus Strikes Again? / When a person sneezes, about 100,000 droplets of mucus are released. Most of these droplets are ______, but some may not be.
In order to survive, viruses need to find a host. Holly’s (the girl in this story) first line of defense is her______.
How do viruses trick the host’s cell in order to enter?
______
______
“Seven hours after the infection, Holly become sick and needs bed rest.” True or false? Explain:______
______
Upon infecting one throat cell, how many viruses will be produced out of that one cell? ______
How doNatural Killer Cells (NKC) fight the virus? ______
______
Do NKC only kill the virusor do they kill both the virus and the host cells? ______
Macrophages are the clean up crew of the cell. They remove cell debris by ______
There are tiny hairs known as ______that help move remaining debris to the stomach to be digested.
Why is Holly’s throat sore? ______
Are flu symptoms the result of the virus itself, or the body’s response to fighting off the virus? ______
The macrophages release interleukins (chemical signals sent through the bloodstream to recruit more help). Theymake her ______hypersensitive, so she is very achy.
What is the purpose of her body being in pain? ______
______
Why do the interleukins turn Holly’s thermostat up? ______
______
______
When you have a fever, should you immediately take medications to lower the fever? Why or why not?
______
______
______
The immune system is responsible for all of your suffering when you have a cold. Explain/elaborate:
______
______
______
[36 hours into infection…]
Cells called dendritic cells take pieces of ______and wear them as spikey badges, hoping to find the correct cell to the match the virus.
There are millions of T-cells and B-cells in the body. However, each individual T-cell and B-cell is specific for each individual foreign invader (virus, bacteria, etc.). Once the dendritic cell finds the correct
T-cell, the T-cell begins to ______.
The correct T-cells begin targeting the virus and take them out with rapid precision. Holly’s ______is a result of damaged cilia, which means the T-cells are working to defeat the virus.
In Holly’s lymph (fluid containing white blood cells), the dendritic cells have finally found the specific B-cell for the Influenza B virus.
The B-cells begin to ______and produce antibodies.
The antibodies lock onto virus ______and paralyze them.
Holly will still have symptoms until her ______calms down.
As Holly’s T-cells finish off the virus, most of them die. But a few of them remain in her body, and become known as ______cells, because they can remember the virus and fight it off if it enters the body again.Memory cells make her ______to this virus.
The virus has one more trick though- the ability to ______, meaning it can change form and require her body to fight all over again.
Viruses can be transmitted through saliva, but do not live long on their own. Because they are not living, they need a ______in order to reproduce.