The First Industrial Revolution in the U.S.:
How the War of 1812 & Technological Progress Change the Country
Technology Means Progress
• Developments in technology begin to transform life in the U.S. in the early 1800’s.
• Sets U.S. on a course of ______What is it?
A Good Transportation System Promotes Industrialization
• Hamilton wants the Federal Government to fund public works, which include ______the country by building ______
• Congress funds ______from MD to Ohio River in 1803. ______road entirely funded by Federal Govt.
• Many roads are ______, chartered by the states
• Most of these failed to make profit, lower transportation cost, or increase speed of travel
• ______U.S. disconnected from ______states
Steamboat Goes Commercial
• Major means of transporting goods in 1800’s: ______
• ______steamboat, the ______, voyages up the Hudson River in August 1807. Major advance in transportation
• Now easier to travel ______
• ______transportation up the Mississippi River & the Atlantic Ocean
Second Transportation Boom: Canals
• Canals built mostly in ______
• Canal Network goes from 100 m. (1816) to 3300 m. (1840)
• Most Famous Canal: ______(“DeWitt’s Ditch”) from Albany to Buffalo, completed 1825
• ______becomes greatest commercial center in U.S.
• Western farmers now connected to eastern markets
• Canals ______costs of transporting goods
The Erie Canal
The building of the canal required hundreds of workers, who labored under ______conditions, using only hand tools. Many of these workers were newly-arrived ______.
Railroads Most Dramatic Advance
• Railroads begin to appear in U.S. in 1829
• Railroads less______to build than canals, are ______, and can carry more ______
• Railroads put an end to canal building
• By 1850, 31,000 m. of RR track, mostly in ______
The First Railways
• First railroads in USA are drawn by ______
• They are quickly replaced by steam power. First locomotive, the ______, built for the B&O RR in 1830
• First railroad track made of wood, connected to ______stones. Wooden cross-ties used later to stabilize track
• In 1843, ______, used today created, making RR travel safe
New Developments in Technology Create ______Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution changes, not only nation’s economy, but also______, ______, & ______
Samuel Slater Opens 1st Textile Mill
• ______always first to industrialize
• ______tried to prevent knowledge of textile machinery from leaving country
• Samuel Slater defies law and opens ______mill that spins thread in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1793
• Uses ______where entire families employed in mill
• Andrew Jackson called Slater “______of the American Industrial Revolution"
Francis Cabot Lowell
• Lowell organizes company called the Boston Associates
• Built ______mill to complete ______steps of textile production at Waltham MA
• Employed young single girls recruited from local farms: “______”
• Lived in closely supervised boarding houses under strict rules
Factory Work Changes Lives
• Not only changes speed & volume of production, but ______of work and ______of labor
• Reduced amount of ______& ______involved
• ______workers paid less
• Average wage: $.50 - $1 weekly
• Newly arrived ______take jobs
• Economic dislocation of skilled workers from Industrial Revolution creates ______of immigrant workers
Eli Whitney
Invented ______in 1794
Introduced the idea of ______in 1798
Samuel Morse Invents Telegraph (1837)
Agriculture Still Strong
• ______still largest industry in U.S.
• ______greatest cash crop in U.S. before Civil War
• Midwestern farmers selling about two-thirds of their crops due to technology like the ______and the ______.
The Industrial and Transportation Revolutions Create Uneven Progress
• Most of the roads, canals, and railroads are built in the Northeast and Midwest
• Most of U.S. ______takes place in the ______and ______
• The South continues to rely primarily on water power.
• The ______and capital investment in______industrial development in the South