The First Industrial Revolution in the U.S.:

How the War of 1812 & Technological Progress Change the Country

Technology Means Progress

• Developments in technology begin to transform life in the U.S. in the early 1800’s.

• Sets U.S. on a course of ______What is it?

A Good Transportation System Promotes Industrialization

• Hamilton wants the Federal Government to fund public works, which include ______the country by building ______

• Congress funds ______from MD to Ohio River in 1803. ______road entirely funded by Federal Govt.

• Many roads are ______, chartered by the states

• Most of these failed to make profit, lower transportation cost, or increase speed of travel

• ______U.S. disconnected from ______states

Steamboat Goes Commercial

• Major means of transporting goods in 1800’s: ______

• ______steamboat, the ______, voyages up the Hudson River in August 1807. Major advance in transportation

• Now easier to travel ______

• ______transportation up the Mississippi River & the Atlantic Ocean

Second Transportation Boom: Canals

• Canals built mostly in ______

• Canal Network goes from 100 m. (1816) to 3300 m. (1840)

• Most Famous Canal: ______(“DeWitt’s Ditch”) from Albany to Buffalo, completed 1825

• ______becomes greatest commercial center in U.S.

• Western farmers now connected to eastern markets

• Canals ______costs of transporting goods

The Erie Canal

The building of the canal required hundreds of workers, who labored under ______conditions, using only hand tools. Many of these workers were newly-arrived ______.

Railroads Most Dramatic Advance

• Railroads begin to appear in U.S. in 1829

• Railroads less______to build than canals, are ______, and can carry more ______

• Railroads put an end to canal building

• By 1850, 31,000 m. of RR track, mostly in ______

The First Railways

• First railroads in USA are drawn by ______

• They are quickly replaced by steam power. First locomotive, the ______, built for the B&O RR in 1830

• First railroad track made of wood, connected to ______stones. Wooden cross-ties used later to stabilize track

• In 1843, ______, used today created, making RR travel safe

New Developments in Technology Create ______Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution changes, not only nation’s economy, but also______, ______, & ______

Samuel Slater Opens 1st Textile Mill

• ______always first to industrialize

• ______tried to prevent knowledge of textile machinery from leaving country

• Samuel Slater defies law and opens ______mill that spins thread in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1793

• Uses ______where entire families employed in mill

• Andrew Jackson called Slater “______of the American Industrial Revolution"

Francis Cabot Lowell

• Lowell organizes company called the Boston Associates

• Built ______mill to complete ______steps of textile production at Waltham MA

• Employed young single girls recruited from local farms: “______”

• Lived in closely supervised boarding houses under strict rules

Factory Work Changes Lives

• Not only changes speed & volume of production, but ______of work and ______of labor

• Reduced amount of ______& ______involved

• ______workers paid less

• Average wage: $.50 - $1 weekly

• Newly arrived ______take jobs

• Economic dislocation of skilled workers from Industrial Revolution creates ______of immigrant workers

Eli Whitney

Invented ______in 1794

Introduced the idea of ______in 1798

Samuel Morse Invents Telegraph (1837)

Agriculture Still Strong

• ______still largest industry in U.S.

• ______greatest cash crop in U.S. before Civil War

• Midwestern farmers selling about two-thirds of their crops due to technology like the ______and the ______.

The Industrial and Transportation Revolutions Create Uneven Progress

• Most of the roads, canals, and railroads are built in the Northeast and Midwest

• Most of U.S. ______takes place in the ______and ______

• The South continues to rely primarily on water power.

• The ______and capital investment in______industrial development in the South