The Economic Impact of Hospitals in Washington State in the Year 2001
William B. Beyers
Department of Geography
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195-3550
July 2003
Prepared for the Washington State Hospital Association
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Hospitals are one of the largest industries in the Washington economy, rivaling in employment aerospace and computer services—two of the key industries popularly regarded as fundamental to the success of our state economy. In the year 2001, hospitals employed a full time equivalent of 64 thousand people in Washington State. They were located in 35 of the state’s 39 counties.
The hospital industry had expenditures of $7.3 billion in the year 2001, of which $3.8 billion was employee compensation to the people working in this sector of our economy. Through multiplier effects associated with these expenditures, the total level of business activity in the Washington economy related to hospitals was $17.5 billion in the year 2001. For every direct dollar of spending by hospitals, about $2.4 in business activity was created in the Washington economy in the year 2001. This business activity created a total of 204 thousand jobs, slightly more than 3 jobs in total created for every hospital industry job. Total labor income created was $7.7 billion, just double the direct labor income payments to people working in the hospital sector statewide. Most economic impacts are concentrated in the services. Wholesale and retail trade, consumer services, and financial services are the sectors with the largest impacts outside the health care sector. Statewide these impacts vary as a function of the industrial structure of individual counties, but in general, large counties have a broader mix of industries with impacts than is the case in small counties. In most small counties, impacts are confined to the service industries noted above. Statewide, sectors such as food products, printing, agriculture, and other manufacturing have significant impacts due to hospitals.
Hospitals are located in almost all counties in Washington State. They create economic impacts in each of these counties, but their multipliers are more modest than at the statewide level because their economies are less interdependent than the Washington state economy. About 80% of the statewide economic impact of hospitals are felt in the counties in which these hospitals are located.
Hospitals generate significant levels of tax revenues to state and local governments in Washington State. It is estimated that over $635 million in state sales taxes and business and occupation taxes accrued to the State of Washington and local governments due to the hospital sector in the year 2001.
Statewide, full time equivalent employment in hospitals accounted for 1.83% of total employment in the year 2001. When the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of this sector are estimated, the contribution of the hospitals sector to the total state economy rises to 5.73%. Many counties have concentrations of hospital employment well above the state average, and in these counties the relative contribution of the hospital sectors is above these state averages.
The broader health services industry employed 216,000 people in the year 2001, with expenditures of $17.9 billion, and direct labor income of $9.3 billion. The total impacts of this sector rises to a total of 446,000 jobs, $34 billion in business activity (sales), and $15 billion in labor income. Some $1.2 billion in state sales and B&O taxes are derived from spending related to health services. Health services directly accounts for 6.1% of employment in Washington State, while directly and indirectly at accounts for 12.6% of total jobs in 2001.
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I. Introductory Comments
This report documents the economic impact of hospitals on the Washington State economy, as well as the economic impact of hospitals on county economies in Washington State for the year 2001. The impact estimates were developed through the use of the 1987 Washington State input-output model, data from the Washington State Hospital Association (WSHA), and data drawn from federal government statistical sources. The report is organized as follows. First, a general description of the methodology utilized is presented. This general description is followed by the impact estimates, and the report concludes with a section that contextualizes the employment impacts of hospitals with regard to overall employment in state and county economies.
WSHA also requested an economic impact analysis of the broader health services sector. The results of this analysis are included as Appendix A. Then Appendix B is a technical description of the input-output impact analysis methodology. Appendix C includes the location quotients used in the process of adjusting the input-output models used for the county level impact analyses.
II. General Description of Methodology
The computation of the economic impact of hospitals on the Washington economy and on county economies in Washington State required the utilization of a variety of data sources. The input-output model used as the benchmark for these estimates is the 1987 Washington input-output model (Chase, Bourque and Conway). This model is the fifth model of this type developed for Washington State, with the first model benchmarked against the year 1963 (Bourque and Weeks). Research has found the interindustry structure of the Washington economy to be relatively stable, even though the composition of output has changed dramatically over time (Beyers 2001). Thus, while it has been more than ten years since the estimation of the last input-output model for the Washington economy, it’s coefficient structure is likely to be a good basis for estimating impacts of the hospital sector.
Input-output models are driven by “final demands,” which is the value of output in a given sector causing economic impacts. For the purposes of the present study, estimates of total spending were developed by the WSHA for each hospital in Washington State, as presented in Table 1. This table also includes other direct impact statistics used in the modeling process, including labor income estimates, estimates of other value added, and full time equivalent employment by county and for Washington State. The labor income estimates are the value of wages and salaries as well as employee benefits, as estimated by the WSHA. FTE employment was also estimated by WSHA. The author developed the estimate of other value added, by applying the coefficient reported in Table 2 for hospital expenditures to the total expenditure data for each county and the state reported in Table 1. Thus, the total expenditure estimates were considered to be final demands in this analysis.
The model also required an estimate of direct expenditures made by hospitals in each county and statewide. The Washington input-output model has a health care sector
Table 1 Hospital Statistics – Year 2001.
County / Total Expenditures $millions / Labor Income $millions / Other Value Added $millions / FTEEmployment
Adams / 13.757 / 7.104 / 1.253 / 144.89
Asotin / 22.166 / 9.705 / 2.018 / 216.57
Benton / 167.660 / 82.018 / 15.266 / 1536.73
Chelan / 115.260 / 61.051 / 10.495 / 1061.57
Clallam / 70.155 / 39.514 / 6.388 / 725.44
Clark / 235.478 / 134.025 / 21.441 / 2337.34
Columbia / 4.223 / 2.833 / 0.385 / 57.95
Cowlitz / 135.614 / 71.337 / 12.348 / 1332.48
Ferry / 3.963 / 2.229 / 0.361 / 67.53
Franklin / 43.130 / 22.953 / 3.927 / 446.97
Garfield / 3.026 / 1.994 / 0.276 / 62.97
Grant / 65.070 / 35.874 / 5.925 / 761.71
Grays Harbor / 54.830 / 29.242 / 4.993 / 555.73
Island / 37.892 / 21.600 / 3.450 / 395.31
Jefferson / 22.960 / 13.635 / 2.091 / 248.27
King / 3222.126 / 1663.411 / 293.388 / 26432.21
Kitsap / 119.096 / 67.391 / 10.844 / 1209.99
Kittitas / 19.586 / 10.329 / 1.783 / 201.53
Klickitat / 15.853 / 9.819 / 1.443 / 203.61
Lewis / 61.020 / 35.526 / 5.556 / 697.24
Lincoln / 14.679 / 9.030 / 1.337 / 236.9
Mason / 27.461 / 15.558 / 2.500 / 284.1
Okanogan / 32.639 / 19.028 / 2.972 / 455.28
Pacific / 17.447 / 9.512 / 1.589 / 178.26
Pend Oreille / 10.845 / 7.320 / 0.987 / 179.00
Pierce / 757.526 / 434.314 / 68.976 / 6752.66
Skagit / 126.368 / 64.420 / 11.506 / 1118.21
Snohomish / 429.405 / 215.007 / 39.099 / 3680.26
Spokane / 675.125 / 351.388 / 61.473 / 6200.46
Stevens / 27.579 / 14.443 / 2.511 / 299.23
Thurston / 244.150 / 124.313 / 22.231 / 2223.69
Walla Walla / 87.071 / 48.682 / 7.928 / 867.72
Whatcom / 143.109 / 74.181 / 13.031 / 1284.77
Whitman / 27.560 / 14.795 / 2.509 / 281.74
Yakima / 250.978 / 123.877 / 22.853 / 2309.69
Statewide / 7304.805 / 3847.457 / 665.134 / 65048.01
included in it, which includes hospitals and other components of the health care industry. The author decided that it would be useful to sharpen the expenditures detail by developing an estimate of hospital direct requirements from the 1997 benchmark U.S. input-output table. This cost distribution is found in Table 2, with the column labeled
Table 2 Direct Requirements Coefficients Hospital Sector
WA I/O Sector / US Direct Requirements / Washington Direct Requirements / LocationQuotients
1 Agriculture / 0.00068 / 0.00068 / 1.380
2 Forestry and Fishing / 0.00023 / 0.00023 / 4.767
3 Mining / 0.00000 / 0.00000 / 0.229
4 Food Products / 0.01378 / 0.01343 / 0.975
5 Apparel / 0.00126 / 0.00059 / 0.467
6 Wood Products / 0.00112 / 0.00112 / 2.288
7 Paper Products / 0.00692 / 0.00692 / 1.185
8 Printing / 0.00893 / 0.00573 / 0.642
9 Chemical Products / 0.04961 / 0.02195 / 0.442
10 Petroleum / 0.00094 / 0.00076 / 0.810
11 Stone, Clay, and Glass / 0.00265 / 0.00166 / 0.625
12 Primary Metals / 0.00065 / 0.00044 / 0.684
13 Fabricated Metals / 0.00168 / 0.00066 / 0.393
14 Nonelectrical Machinery / 0.00052 / 0.00027 / 0.532
15 Electrical Machinery / 0.00544 / 0.00223 / 0.410
16 Aerospace / 0.00000 / 0.00000 / 6.658
17 Ship and Boat Building / 0.00000 / 0.00000 / 5.059
18 Other Transportation Equipment / 0.00120 / 0.00050 / 0.421
19 Other Manufacturing / 0.03955 / 0.02227 / 0.563
20 Construction / 0.00454 / 0.00454 / 1.089
21 Transport Services / 0.02552 / 0.02377 / 0.932
22 Communications / 0.00503 / 0.00503 / 1.153
23 Utilities / 0.01261 / 0.01028 / 0.815
24 Wholesale and Retail Trade / 0.03243 / 0.03243 / 1.006
25 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate / 0.02660 / 0.01816 / 0.683
26 Business Services / 0.11284 / 0.11284 / 1.282
27 Health Services / 0.00070 / 0.00063 / 0.902
28 Other Services / 0.01880 / 0.01587 / 0.844
Labor Income / 0.53454 / 0.53454 / 1.000
Other Value Added / 0.09105 / 0.09105 / 1.000
Imports from rest of U.S. / 0.00000 / 0.07142
Total / 1.00000 / 1.00000
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1997 U.S. Benchmark Input-Output Tables; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Local Area Personal Income, Table CA-05, Detailed Personal Income by Industry.
U.S. direct requirements being the aggregation of the sectoring plan used in the U.S. input-output model to the sectoring plan being used for the purposes of this analysis. Each element in this column represents the share of the output or sales of the hospital sector in the U.S. in 1997 that was made from each sector listed in the table. Thus, the coefficient in the communications sector (.00503) means that for each dollar of output in the hospital industry nationally, slightly more than one-half cent was spent for communications services. The national coefficients were regionalized using the location quotient approach, which is used by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis in their RIMS-II multiplier estimation program, and by nationally used input-output model packages such as IMPLAN (Schaffer).
Location quotients are index numbers that compare the relative importance of economic activities in a region with a benchmark region. In this case the benchmark was the U.S. economy as a whole, and location quotients as reported in Table 2 were calculated for Washington State. In sectors where the location quotients are greater than 1, the Washington economy has a higher percentage of employment, output, or earnings than the benchmark U.S. economy. In sectors where the location quotients are less than 1, the Washington economy has less than the national proportion of employment, output, or earnings in those sectors. The general presumption in cases where location quotients are less than one is that a regional economy cannot supply all of the input requirement being demanded by a particular industry, and that purchasers will need to turn to out-of-region suppliers to obtain those goods or services. In cases where location quotients are 1.0 or above 1, the assumption can be made that there is adequate local supply of a particular industry’s output to meet the demands of a local industry. Table 2 presents the estimated direct requirements coefficients for the Washington hospital sector, with the national direct requirement coefficients multiplied by the value of the location quotients in cases where the location quotients are less than one. For example, the Washington economy has only .467 the national concentration in apparel manufacturing, so the regional coefficient was adjusted to be .467 of the national direct requirement coefficient (.00126*.467 = .00059).
The result of this adjustment process is a vector of regional direct requirements that sums to a total less than 1.0, with the difference between the total regional purchases and total purchases being purchases estimated to be imports from producers located elsewhere in the United States. This coefficient distribution was the baseline for the estimation of hospital sector impacts in Washington State and for Washington counties. Appendix B describes in more detail the mathematics of the impact analysis process.
The data estimated by the WSHA had 52.67% of hospital expenses associated with labor income, compared to 53.434% in the national input-output model.
County impacts were estimated for the 35 counties with hospitals through the following procedure. The Washington input-output model was regionalized through a procedure analogous to that described above for the national hospital sector data. Location quotients were estimated for each sector for each county (see Appendix C). In cases where these location quotients were less than 1, the direct requirements coefficients in that sector (in the state model) were multiplied by the location quotients to estimate regional purchase requirements. In many cases this meant adjusting the coefficient to zero, reflecting the lack of any productive capacity in the sector in the county economy. For example, petroleum refining in Washington State is confined almost entirely to Skagit and Whatcom counties. Some other production (mostly asphalt plants) is found outside these two counties; most counties have no activity in this sector.
A spreadsheet program was written that calculated the direct, indirect, and induced requirements matrix for each county after the location quotient adjustment process was completed for all sectors. This multiplier matrix was used to calculate the impacts of the hospital sector, using the values in Table 1 for each county, and estimates of direct purchases made in the county economy. The estimated direct purchases were calculated by adjusting the Washington direct requirements coefficients for hospitals found in Table 2 by the location quotients for each particular county. Labor income coefficients were estimated to be the actual ratio for each county obtained from WSHA data (Table 1). The result of this procedure was a unique set of multipliers for each of the 35 counties included in this analysis. In general, small counties have weaker multiplier structures than larger counties, given the lack of productive capacity in a relatively large number of sectors present in the larger state economy.
An estimate of the impact of City of Seattle hospitals was undertaken through the use of the King County model developed for this analysis.
III. Results
The results of the impact analyses are contained in Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6. Table 3 summarizes the impacts on output (sales), employment, labor income, and taxes. Table 4 presents sectoral estimates of output (sales) for each region, while Table 5 presents sectoral estimates of employment. Table 6 presents sectoral estimates of labor income.
The $7.3 billion in expenditures of hospitals in Washington State in the year 2001 led to output impacts of $17.5 billion, as reported in Table 3. Thus, each dollar of hospital spending generated $2.4 in output or sales in the Washington economy. Associated with this level of production was employment of 204 thousand people, and labor income of $7.7 billion. Approximately 3 jobs were created in the Washington economy for each direct hospital sector job, while approximate $2 in labor income was created for each direct dollar of labor income. Most of the impacts are felt in nonmanufacturing sectors, particular in the various services. This result stems from (1) the distribution of purchases in the direct requirements vector reported in Table 2, where most purchases are made from service industries, and (2) the multiplier structure of the input-output model in relation to the indirect effects of the spending of labor income. The strongest linkages in the model associated with the spending of labor income are with various service industries, such as retail trade, consumer services, and financial services.
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Table 3, Summary Measures of Impact
Impact Summary / Statewide / Adams / Asotin / Benton / Chelan / Clallam / Clark / Columbia / Cowlitz / Ferry0 / 0
Output (Millions $2001) / 17521.1 / 20.7 / 36.3 / 291.3 / 200.1 / 122.0 / 450.1 / 5.9 / 228.8 / 5.3
Manufacturing / 1592.5 / 0.7 / 0.5 / 14.2 / 10.4 / 4.8 / 31.8 / 0.2 / 14.0 / 0.1
Nonmanufacturing / 15928.6 / 20.0 / 35.8 / 277.1 / 189.6 / 117.2 / 418.2 / 5.7 / 214.9 / 5.2
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 2109.0 / 2.6 / 4.2 / 23.8 / 25.3 / 16.0 / 58.5 / 0.5 / 26.3 / 0.4
Hospitals (Direct) / 7304.8 / 13.8 / 22.2 / 167.7 / 115.3 / 70.2 / 235.5 / 4.2 / 135.6 / 4.0
Other Services / 3346.2 / 1.4 / 4.5 / 54.9 / 22.3 / 15.5 / 62.9 / 0.2 / 26.7 / 0.4
Other Sectors / 3168.7 / 2.2 / 4.9 / 30.7 / 26.7 / 15.6 / 61.4 / 0.7 / 26.3 / 0.4
Employment
/ 203598 / 237 / 427 / 3319 / 2214 / 1491 / 5298 / 78 / 2590 / 87Manufacturing / 8850 / 3 / 4 / 77 / 64 / 33 / 204 / 1 / 90 / 0
Nonmanufacturing / 194749 / 234 / 423 / 3242 / 2150 / 1458 / 5094 / 77 / 2500 / 86
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 32438 / 40 / 65 / 367 / 389 / 246 / 899 / 8 / 405 / 7
Hospitals (Direct) / 65048 / 145 / 217 / 1537 / 1062 / 725 / 2337 / 58 / 1332 / 68
Other Services / 67730 / 29 / 96 / 1085 / 432 / 327 / 1231 / 4 / 508 / 8
Other Sectors / 29532 / 20 / 45 / 254 / 267 / 160 / 626 / 6 / 255 / 3
Labor Income (Millions $2001) / 7702.3 / 9.6 / 15.3 / 131.7 / 93.1 / 59.8 / 217.0 / 3.4 / 107.3 / 2.7
Manufacturing / 365.5 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 3.3 / 2.6 / 1.3 / 8.1 / 0.0 / 4.0 / 0.0
Nonmanufacturing / 7336.9 / 9.5 / 15.1 / 128.4 / 90.5 / 58.5 / 208.9 / 3.4 / 103.3 / 2.7
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 864.0 / 1.1 / 1.7 / 9.8 / 10.4 / 6.5 / 23.9 / 0.2 / 10.8 / 0.2
Hospitals (Direct) / 3847.5 / 7.1 / 9.7 / 82.0 / 61.1 / 39.5 / 134.0 / 2.8 / 71.3 / 2.2
Other Services / 1709.5 / 0.7 / 2.3 / 28.4 / 10.9 / 7.7 / 31.2 / 0.1 / 13.1 / 0.2
Other / 916.0 / 0.7 / 1.4 / 8.2 / 8.2 / 4.7 / 19.7 / 0.2 / 8.1 / 0.1
Tax Impacts (Millions $2001)
Sales Taxes / 510.29 / 0.73 / 1.17 / 9.97 / 6.60 / 4.34 / 15.40 / 0.25 / 7.12 / 0.21
State B&O Tax / 124.31 / 0.15 / 0.25 / 2.54 / 1.32 / 0.83 / 3.70 / 0.03 / 1.87 / 0.03
Hospital Direct Sales Taxes / 143.22 / 0.28 / 0.44 / 3.70 / 2.16 / 1.49 / 5.06 / 0.08 / 2.01 / 0.08
Hospital Direct State B&O Taxes / 55.53 / 0.10 / 0.15 / 1.67 / 0.77 / 0.49 / 2.31 / 0.02 / 1.26 / 0.02
Table 3, Summary Measures of Impact, continued
Impact Summary / Franklin / Garfield / Grant / Grays Harbor / Island / Jefferson / King / Kitsap / KittitasOutput (Millions $2001) / 71.7 / 4.3 / 101.2 / 93.8 / 52.7 / 40.7 / 6780.2 / 182.4 / 32.1
Manufacturing / 2.4 / 0.0 / 6.2 / 4.2 / 0.7 / 2.0 / 458.2 / 3.6 / 1.4
Nonmanufacturing / 69.2 / 4.3 / 95.0 / 89.6 / 52.1 / 38.7 / 6321.9 / 178.8 / 30.7
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 9.2 / 0.6 / 12.7 / 11.5 / 4.5 / 4.8 / 839.3 / 16.8 / 4.1
Hospitals (Direct) / 43.1 / 3.0 / 65.1 / 54.8 / 37.9 / 23.0 / 3222.1 / 119.1 / 19.6
Other Services / 8.7 / 0.2 / 8.7 / 11.1 / 4.0 / 5.2 / 1273.0 / 26.3 / 3.1
Other Sectors / 8.2 / 0.4 / 8.5 / 12.1 / 5.7 / 5.7 / 987.5 / 16.7 / 3.9
Employment
/ 853 / 80 / 1263 / 1105 / 602 / 502 / 78289 / 2159 / 376Manufacturing / 13 / 0 / 31 / 22 / 6 / 14 / 3039 / 34 / 8
Nonmanufacturing / 841 / 80 / 1233 / 1084 / 596 / 488 / 75251 / 2124 / 368
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 142 / 10 / 195 / 177 / 69 / 74 / 12909 / 258 / 63
Hospitals (Direct) / 447 / 63 / 762 / 556 / 395 / 248 / 26432 / 1210 / 202
Other Services / 179 / 3 / 175 / 227 / 77 / 115 / 25809 / 503 / 65
Other Sectors / 73 / 4 / 100 / 123 / 56 / 51 / 10101 / 154 / 38
Labor Income (Millions $2001) / 34.0 / 2.5 / 49.8 / 44.1 / 27.2 / 20.3 / 3087.5 / 93.2 / 15.1
Manufacturing / 0.5 / 0.0 / 1.4 / 0.9 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 124.0 / 1.2 / 0.3
Nonmanufacturing / 33.6 / 2.5 / 48.4 / 43.2 / 27.0 / 19.8 / 2963.5 / 92.0 / 14.8
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 3.8 / 0.3 / 5.2 / 4.7 / 1.8 / 2.0 / 343.8 / 6.9 / 1.7
Hospitals (Direct) / 23.0 / 2.0 / 35.9 / 29.2 / 21.6 / 13.6 / 1663.4 / 67.4 / 10.3
Other Services / 4.3 / 0.1 / 4.3 / 5.5 / 2.0 / 2.7 / 656.4 / 13.0 / 1.5
Other / 2.6 / 0.1 / 3.0 / 3.8 / 1.6 / 1.5 / 299.9 / 4.7 / 1.3
Tax Impacts (Millions $2001)
Sales Taxes / 2.49 / 0.18 / 3.97 / 2.79 / 2.06 / 1.23 / 207.04 / 6.52 / 0.83
B&O Tax / 0.47 / 0.02 / 0.70 / 0.68 / 0.35 / 0.29 / 49.36 / 1.39 / 0.25
Hospital Direct Sales Taxes / 0.86 / 0.06 / 1.59 / 0.69 / 0.76 / 0.26 / 59.90 / 2.08 / 0.11
Hospital Direct State B&O Taxes / 0.28 / 0.02 / 0.48 / 0.42 / 0.25 / 0.17 / 25.62 / 0.93 / 0.18
Table 3, Summary Measures of Impact, continued
Impact Summary / Klickitat / Lewis / Lincoln / Mason / Okanogan / Pacific / Pend Oreille / Pierce / Skagit / SnohomishOutput (Millions $2001) / 21.9 / 105.9 / 23.5 / 44.8 / 53.7 / 26.0 / 14.2 / 1426.6 / 235.3 / 714.8
Manufacturing / 0.6 / 5.3 / 0.1 / 1.7 / 0.8 / 0.9 / 0.3 / 99.3 / 16.2 / 52.5
Nonmanufacturing / 21.3 / 100.5 / 23.4 / 43.1 / 52.9 / 25.1 / 13.9 / 1327.4 / 219.0 / 662.2
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 1.6 / 13.9 / 3.2 / 5.1 / 6.9 / 2.6 / 1.1 / 179.1 / 28.7 / 77.2
Hospitals (Direct) / 15.9 / 61.0 / 14.7 / 27.5 / 32.6 / 17.4 / 10.8 / 757.5 / 126.4 / 429.4
Other Services / 1.6 / 11.2 / 2.0 / 4.4 / 7.1 / 2.6 / 0.9 / 175.3 / 29.1 / 74.6
Other Sectors / 2.2 / 14.4 / 3.4 / 6.2 / 6.2 / 2.4 / 1.2 / 215.5 / 34.8 / 81.1
Employment / 291 / 1287 / 357 / 526 / 777 / 307 / 231 / 15575 / 2568 / 7431
Manufacturing / 6 / 33 / 1 / 10 / 6 / 5 / 1 / 572 / 89 / 350
Nonmanufacturing / 285 / 1253 / 356 / 516 / 771 / 303 / 229 / 15003 / 2479 / 7080
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 25 / 215 / 50 / 78 / 107 / 40 / 16 / 2755 / 442 / 1187
Hospitals (Direct) / 204 / 697 / 237 / 284 / 455 / 178 / 179 / 6753 / 1118 / 3680
Other Services / 33 / 212 / 39 / 98 / 157 / 58 / 21 / 3326 / 585 / 1375
Other Sectors / 23 / 130 / 30 / 56 / 52 / 25 / 13 / 2170 / 334 / 838
Labor Income (Millions $2001) / 12.2 / 52.2 / 12.4 / 21.9 / 27.3 / 12.8 / 8.7 / 679.9 / 104.5 / 321.7
Manufacturing / 0.2 / 1.2 / 0.0 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.1 / 23.0 / 3.5 / 14.9
Nonmanufacturing / 12.0 / 50.9 / 12.3 / 21.6 / 27.1 / 12.6 / 8.6 / 656.9 / 101.0 / 306.8
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 0.7 / 5.7 / 1.3 / 2.1 / 2.8 / 1.1 / 0.4 / 73.4 / 11.8 / 31.6
Hospitals (Direct) / 9.8 / 35.5 / 9.0 / 15.6 / 19.0 / 9.5 / 7.3 / 434.3 / 64.4 / 215.0
Other Services / 0.8 / 5.4 / 1.0 / 2.2 / 3.6 / 1.3 / 0.5 / 86.1 / 14.4 / 36.6
Other / 0.7 / 4.3 / 1.0 / 1.8 / 1.7 / 0.7 / 0.4 / 63.2 / 10.4 / 23.6
Tax Impacts (Millions $2001)
Sales Taxes / 0.90 / 3.39 / 0.84 / 1.50 / 2.10 / 0.88 / 0.54 / 50.26 / 7.56 / 25.99
B&O Tax / 0.16 / 0.57 / 0.14 / 0.30 / 0.34 / 0.13 / 0.08 / 10.53 / 1.90 / 5.57
Hospital Direct Sales Taxes / 0.32 / 0.90 / 0.26 / 0.45 / 0.80 / 0.28 / 0.13 / 17.86 / 2.58 / 10.65
Hospital Direct State B&O Taxes / 0.12 / 0.28 / 0.08 / 0.19 / 0.19 / 0.07 / 0.06 / 6.15 / 1.19 / 3.76
Table 3 Summary Measures of Impact, continued
Impact Summary / Spokane / Stevens / Thurston / Walla Walla / Whatcom / Whitman / Yakima / County totals / Statewide Effect / Statewide Effect As A % of TotalOutput (Millions $2001) / 1294.1 / 41.6 / 412.9 / 143.1 / 277.3 / 38.3 / 432.0 / 14025.5 / 3495.5 / 20.0%
Manufacturing / 76.1 / 0.6 / 20.6 / 7.3 / 22.2 / 0.8 / 29.8 / 890.8 / 701.6 / 44.1%
Nonmanufacturing / 1218.0 / 41.0 / 392.3 / 135.8 / 255.1 / 37.5 / 402.2 / 13134.7 / 2793.9 / 17.5%
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 159.2 / 3.7 / 48.6 / 14.7 / 33.9 / 3.8 / 52.9 / 1697.4 / 411.6 / 19.5%
Hospitals (Direct) / 675.1 / 27.6 / 244.2 / 87.1 / 143.1 / 27.6 / 251.0 / N.A. / N.A. / N.A.
Other Services / 165.3 / 4.8 / 53.7 / 16.2 / 36.6 / 2.7 / 50.1 / 2167.2 / 1179.0 / 35.2%
Other Sectors / 218.5 / 5.0 / 45.9 / 17.8 / 41.5 / 3.3 / 48.2 / 1965.3 / 1203.3 / 38.0%
Employment / 14345 / 505 / 4618 / 1623 / 3076 / 426 / 4813 / 159727 / 43871 / 21.5%
Manufacturing / 541 / 5 / 138 / 42 / 126 / 6 / 191 / 5766 / 3083 / 34.8%
Nonmanufacturing / 13804 / 500 / 4480 / 1581 / 2949 / 419 / 4622 / 153961 / 40788 / 20.9%
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 2448 / 56 / 747 / 226 / 521 / 59 / 814 / 26108 / 6330 / 19.5%
Hospitals (Direct) / 6200 / 299 / 2224 / 868 / 1285 / 282 / 2310 / N.A. / N.A. / N.A.
Other Services / 3125 / 104 / 1059 / 326 / 736 / 51 / 1030 / 43209 / 24521 / 36.2%
Other Sectors / 2031 / 41 / 450 / 161 / 408 / 28 / 468 / 19596 / 9936 / 33.6%
Labor Income (Millions $2001) / 583.5 / 20.0 / 189.5 / 69.5 / 123.4 / 18.8 / 192.0 / 6463.9 / 1238.4 / 16.1%
Manufacturing / 21.4 / 0.2 / 5.1 / 1.6 / 4.8 / 0.2 / 7.3 / 232.8 / 132.7 / 36.3%
Nonmanufacturing / 562.1 / 19.8 / 184.4 / 67.9 / 118.6 / 18.6 / 184.7 / 6231.1 / 1105.7 / 15.1%
Wholesale and Retail Trade / 65.2 / 1.5 / 19.9 / 6.0 / 13.9 / 1.6 / 21.7 / 695.4 / 168.6 / 19.5%
Hospitals (Direct) / 351.4 / 14.4 / 124.3 / 48.7 / 74.2 / 14.8 / 123.9 / N.A. / N.A. / N.A.
Other Services / 81.7 / 2.3 / 26.6 / 7.9 / 18.3 / 1.3 / 24.8 / 1099.1 / 610.3 / 35.7%
Other / 63.8 / 1.5 / 13.6 / 5.3 / 12.3 / 0.9 / 14.4 / 589.2 / 326.8 / 35.7%
Tax Impacts (Millions $2001)
Sales Taxes / 44.61 / 1.29 / 14.38 / 5.05 / 8.06 / 1.43 / 9.60 / 451.27 / 59.02 / 11.57%
B&O Tax / 8.09 / 0.27 / 2.79 / 1.22 / 2.08 / 0.34 / 1.33 / 100.09 / 24.21 / 19.48%
Hospital Direct Sales Taxes / 16.81 / 0.34 / 5.35 / 1.74 / 2.18 / 0.53 / 0.45 / N.A. / N.A. / N.A.
Table 4 Total Output ($ millions)