CP World History (Unit 6, #7) Name ______
Date ______Pd ______
The Counter-Reformation (The Catholic Reformation)
I. The Protestant Reformation
A. During the Protestant Reformation, religious reformers called ______broke from the Catholic Church & started new ______denominations
1. ______began the Reformation & believed in ______
2. John Calvin believed in ______& a ______code of living
3. ______, not the ______, was the head of the Anglican Church
B. In the 1500s, the new protestant faiths spread, especially into ______in areas away from the ______of the Catholic Church
C. But, ______Europeans, especially in Spain, France, Portugal, & Italy ______the Catholic Church which remained the ______religion in Europe but it had lost much of its power & influence
II. The Counter Reformation
A. The _ of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation became known as the ______(or the ______Reformation)
B. One of the first ______in the Catholic Church was ______who formed the Society of Jesus in 1540; Members of the Society of Jesus were called ______& focused on 3 goals:
1. Jesuits formed ______to better educate Catholic priests
2. Jesuits tried to ______the ______of Protestantism
3. Jesuits sent ______around the world to ______non-Christians to Catholicism
C. In 1545, Pope Paul III created a ______of Catholic leaders to ______church practices, known as the ______
1. Over the next 18 years, the Council of Trent made a series of ______
a. The Catholic Church stopped ______false ______
b. New ______were created to educate priests
2. The Council of Trent also ______several core Catholic beliefs & practices
a. The ______interpretation of the Bible is ______& all others who interpret the Bible are ______(non-believers)
b. Salvation is gained through ______in God & ______
c. All ______Holy ______are legitimate means to gain God’s grace
3. To enforce these beliefs, the Church used the ______to accuse, hold trials, & ______heretics
4. The Church banned & ______all offensive books, including Protestant ______
III. Impact of the Protestant Reformation
A. The Protestant Reformation left Europe ______
B. Numerous religious ______were fought between Catholics & Protestants
C. The weakened authority of the ______helped ______gain power & form nations
D. ______converted non-Christians throughout the ______
E. The Reformation encouraged ______& the ______of long-held beliefs
The Counter Reformation Problem Solving Activity
Background Information: After 1517 when Martin Luther posted his famous 95 Theses, new Protestant religions—Lutherans, Anglicans, Calvinists—were popping up all over in Germany, Switzerland, England, Scotland, Scandinavia, the Netherlands. While these Protestants won many followers, millions of Catholics held fast to their traditional religious beliefs and the Roman Catholic Church remained the largest and strongest religious group in Western Europe. Nonetheless, many Catholic leaders were concerned as they witnessed the Catholic Church begin to lose some of its power and influence over the people of Western Europe. In 1545, Catholic bishops and cardinals met in the northern Italian town of Trent to discuss how they would respond to these changes.
- What was the biggest problem that Catholic leaders had to solve at the Council of Trent?
- Complete the following assignments IN ORDER.
(A) Brainstorm as many possible solutions to this problem in the “Possible Alternative” category.
(B) After you have listed 5 possible alternatives to solving the problem, list 1 positive consequence and 1 negative consequence for each alternative
(C) After you have listed 5 possible alternatives and come up with consequences, rank order your alternatives (1 is the best thing you would do)
Possible Alternative
/ What would be a GOOD result if this decision were made? / What would be a BAD result if this decision were made? / Rank Order- Based on your options, what would you decided to do to fix the Church’s problems if you were a Catholic leader at the Council of Trent? Why?
CP World History (Unit 6, #6)
The Protestant Reformation
I. The Beliefs & Authority of the Catholic Church
A. During the Middle Ages, the ______was the dominant religion in Western Europe
1. Without a common ______in Europe, the Catholic ______became an important political leader
2. On the manor, ______were powerful because the controlled peoples’ access to ______by delivering the sacraments & absolving sins
B. The Catholic Church taught that people could gain access to heaven (called ______) by having faith in God & doing ______for others
1. The church taught that Christians could gain more of God’s ______through a series of spiritual ______called the Holy ______
2. Sacraments included ______, Confirmation, Communion, Confession, ______, Ordination of Priests, Last Rites for the Dying
C. But, the church was also growing ______
1. Clergy members took vows of ______to abstain from ______…but some church leaders fathered children
2. Priests were required to go through rigorous ______in a monastery…but some church positions were ______to the highest bidder called ______
3. Sometimes, feudal lords would use their influence to have friends or children named as priests, called ______
4. As a result, some clergy members were poorly ______
5. One of the most ______church practices was the selling of ______
a. Indulges began as a way for people to ______for their sins through ______
b. But rather than requiring good deeds, church leaders began selling indulgence certificates as a way of ______
D. These practices went ______during the Middle Ages
II. The Renaissance Influence on Catholicism
A. By the time of the Renaissance, some Christians began ______church corruptions & questioned Catholic teachings
1. Christian ______believed that they could help ______the Catholic Church
2. In the 1300s, Reformers like John Wycliffe & priest Jan Hus attacked corruptions like indulges, said that the ______(not the Pope) was the ultimate authority on Christianity, & wanted church teachings in the ______(local language) not Latin
3. Catholic leaders responded to these criticisms by ______Wycliffe & Hus
4. In 1509, Christian humanist ______published Praise of Folly which called for an end of corruptions
B. As a result of Johann ______invention of the moveable-type ______in 1453, Erasmus’ book ______throughout Europe & increased calls for church reform
III. The Protestant Reformation
A. By the early 1500s, the Catholic Church was in ______over the controversy of corruption & its unwillingness to adopt reforms
1. In Germany, a Catholic monk named ______became involved in a serious dispute with the Catholic Church
2. Martin Luther’s ______from the Catholic Church began the ______& inspired a series of new Christian denominations
3. During the Protestant Reformation, reformers ______church corruptions & practices in hopes of ______Christianity
B. Martin Luther
1. As a young boy in Germany, Luther was going to become a ______, but after he nearly died in a thunderstorm he vowed to become a Catholic ______
2. After ______the Bible as a monk, Martin Luther became a priest & scholar
a. During his studies of the Bible, Luther became convinced that ______could not be achieved by good works & ______
b. Instead, Luther was inspired by St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans: “A person can be made good by having ______in ______”
c. Martin Luther believed that salvation was gained though having faith in God; He called this idea ______
d. Martin Luther was also deeply troubled by the church’s selling of ______, which he saw as false salvation
3. In 1517, Martin Luther wrote a list of arguments against church practices called the “______”
a. He ______the Ninety-Five Theses on the church door in the town of Wittenberg & welcomed ______of his ideas
b. The “Ninety-Five Theses” ______quickly through Europe causing an incredible ______
i. Many people, especially in Northern Europe, were ______about his ideas
ii. But the Catholic Church ______Luther & rejected his ideas
4. In 1521, Luther was called before the ______, a meeting of church & political leaders
a. The Church demanded that Luther ______his teachings
b. Luther ______, argued that the Bible was the only source of religious ______, & encouraged Christians to ______the Bible for themselves
c. At the Diet of Worms, Martin Luther was ______from the Catholic Church
C. Martin Luther’s stand against the Catholic Church led to the formation of a new Christian denomination known as ______
1. Lutheranism was the first of a series of “______” Christian faiths that ______from the Catholic Church