Topic 1
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OurAcademy
ChelyabinskStateMedicalAcademy was founded in 1944. It had only the Medical Faculty till 1970, when the Pediatric Faculty was founded. Now there are such new faculties at the Academy as: the nurse's Faculty (evening and correspondence forms of tuition), Stomatology and medico-prophylactic faculties.
The Academy occupies five buildings
The first rector Was professor Fyodorovsky; for" 30 years the Academy was headed by professor Glubokov. Nowdays professor Shamurov heads the Academy.
ChelyabinskMedicalAcademy is a prominent educational Institution preparing specialists in different fields of medicine for the South Urals region.
Forty eight departments in various theoretical and clinical subjects take part in training young specialists.
Teaching staff of the Academy numbers about 400 professors, associate professors, teachers, clinicians and scientific investigators recognized in teaching and research activities.
The course of studies at the Academy lasts for six years. It includes 3-4 periods of lectures and practical classes every day with credit tests and examinations in all academic disciplines. It provides medical training at the clinics where would-be doctors gain medical skills.
Post-graduate medical training includes attending post-graduate courses in more than 17 specialties.
Ответьтенавопросы:
1. Where do you study at?
2. Where is ChelyabinskStateMedicalAcademy located?
3. How many buildings does it occupy?
4. When was the Academy founded?
5. How many faculties are there in your Academy? What faculty are you in?
6. Who is the Rector of the Academy?
7. What can you say about the staff of the Academy?
8. How many department has the Academy?
9. When did you enter the MedicalAcademy?
10. When will you graduate from the Academy?
11 .Is it difficult to get a higher medical education? 12. How many years does the course of studies last? 13.What does post-gradual medical training include?
Topic 3
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Nursing as a Professioon
I'm a staff nurse. I've got much interesting and necessary work to do. I start at 8 a.m. I have to get up early in the morning. I Iive.near my hospital. I go there on foor. It takes me 10-15 minutes. I try to come in time as I have a lot of things to do in lire morning. I must take the patients' temperature, give them prescribed remedies and injections. I have to take part in daily rounds of the wards because. I must know and carry out all doctor's administrations. There are also a lot of phone calls which I have to answer.
At one o'clock in the afternoon we have lunch. During the working day we also have several coffee breaks. But sometimes we have no time for them. I finish ai 4 p.m but sometimes I have to stay at work longer. So by the end of week I get very tired. I can do on Sundays is to sleep till eleven o'clock, watch TV, listen to music and something.
I like my job and I always look forward to my next working day.
III. Переведитетекст:
A Nurse
A nurse takes care of people who are sick.. Work at the hospital begins at 6 a.m. \ nurse takes the patients' temperature and writes it down in temperature charts. Then she gives the patients medicines and carries out other prescriptions of the doctors, gives intramuscular and intravenous injections, applies cups, puts mustard plasters etc A nurse must open the windows and air the wards.
The doctors come at 9 a.m. and examine the patients. Each ward nurse tells the doctor about her patients and receives his instructions. She must be especiall) atieiiftvg to those patients who are seriously ill and are to follow a bed regimen. A nurse musi observe any changes in a patient's condition. Much of the nurse's work can be learnt\: by practice.
Советымедсестре
1. Read the order of the doctor before you give medicine.
2. If you made a mistake in your work you must tell the doctor about it at once. чУ
3. Don't be rude when you speak to patients.
4. Learn to control your feelings.
5. Never say the word: «incurable».
Пословица: Helaughsatascarthatneverfeltawound, (буквально: Тот смеете» : s, шрамом, кто никогда не был ранен). Сравните: Тот смеется над страданиями человека, кто сам никогда не страдал.
IV. Запомните следующие слова:
anurse - медсестра
to take care of- заботиться, ухаживать
sick - больной
to take the temperature - измерятьтемпературу
a temperature chart - температурныйлист
a medicine - лекарство
to carry out - выполнять
prescription - предписание, рецепт
to give an injection - поставитьукол
to apply cups - ставитьбанки
to put mustard plasters - ставитьгорчичники
award - палата
toexamine - осматривать (больного)
to receive - получать
to be attentive (to) - бытьвнимательным (к)
ill –больной
Topic 4
Переведитетекст:
Polyclinics
Polyclinic or an out - patient department is a medical institution providing prevention, diagnosis and treatment illnesses.
Many specialists includingtherapeutists, neurologists, surgeons, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and others work at the polyclinic.
If you have any health problems you seek doctor's, advise. You ring up your local polyclinic and make an appointment. At a fixed time a local physician examines you at his office.
During the medical examination a physician usually asks the patient about his complaints. He listens to the patient's heart and lungs and measures his blood //) pressure. If necessary he asks the patient to take the temperature. The laboratory findings which include blood analysis, the analysis of urine, stool, sputum and other tests help the physician to make a correct diagnosis. After the diagnosis having been made the doctor administers a proper treatment.
If a serious disease develops or diagnosis is difficult a local physician may send his patient to a medical specialist.for a check up or.get hospital treatment for him.
At the local polyclinic every patient has a personal patient's card which is filled in by his physician. Everything about the patient - the diagnosis of the disease, the administrations, made by the doctor, the course of the disease, the changes in • Inpatient's condition after the treatment - are written down in the card.
Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:
out-patientdepartment - амбулаторное отделение
medicalinstitution - медицинское учреждение
toprovide -обеспечивать
prevention - предупреждение (болезни)
illness - болезнь
to seek doctor's advise - обращатьсякврачу
locaf polyclinic - районнаяполиклиника
local physician - участковыйврач
complaint - жалоба -
to listen to the heart and lungs - прослушиватьсердцеилегкие
to measure blood pressure - измерятькровяноедавление
findings - данные, результаты
toinclude - включать
sputum - мокрота
tomakeacorrectdiagnosis - поставить правильный диагноз
toadministerapropertreatment - назначить соответствующее лечение
to develop - развиваться
check up - осмотр
personal patient's card - личнаякарточкабольного
to fill in - заполнять
course of the disease - течениеболезни
changes in the patient's condition - изменениявсостояниипациента
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Whatispolyclinic?
2. What specialistjwork at the polyclinic?
3. What do you do if you have health problems?
4. Who examines you at the polyclinic?
5. What does a local physician do during the medical examination?
6. What helps a physician to make a correct diagnosis?
7. In what cases may a local physician send his patient to a medical special
8. What patients get hospital treatment?
9. Who fills in a personal patient's card?
10. What is written down in the patient's card?
Topic 6
Переведитетекст:
Health Care in the USA
The health care system in the USA is a complex mechanism. Its most prominent feature is vast development of commercial health insurance. The insurance market of the USA includes a great number of private insurance companies.
About 76% of Americans take part in commercial health insurance. Another 14% (they
are elderly patients) are provided health care by the program called "Medicare". About
V 10% of Americans (the poorest part of the population) come under protection of
"Medicaid" program. These are national programs and they are financed from the Federal
budget.
Private sector plays a prominent role in American Health Care system. There are private insurance companies, hospitals and health practitioners.
American Health Care system has its good and bad sides. Among the advantages there are
- high-tech equipment;
- qualified medical staff;
- comfortable hospitals;
- a great number of people who make use of the system.
Its drawbacks include:
- about 10-15%o of Americans cannot buy health insurance;
- a great amount of documentation;
- overuse of technical devices;
- high cost of medical care.
Ответьтенавопросы:
1. Wha is the most prominent feature of health care system in the USA?
2. What does the insurance market of the USA include?
3. How many Americans take part in commercial health insurance?
4. What do "Medicare" and "Medicaid" provide?
5. Who finances "Medicare" and "Medicaid"?
6. What sector plays a prominent role in American health care system?
7. What are the advantages of the American health care system?
8. What are its drawbacks?
Topic 6
Medical Education in the USA
The United States has 144 medical schools. Of those, 125 award a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree and 19 award a Doctor of Osteopathy (DO).
Preparation for a career as a physician in the USA is long and demanding. It usually takes 11 years of study after high school to become a physician. The training typically includes four years of premedical study at a college or university; four years of medical school; and three years of advanced training in a residency. The exact length of study vanes. Acceptance into a medical school requires excellent college grades, high scores on the Medical College Admission. Test (MCAT), good letters of recommendation, and a personal interview with school officials.
Premedical students usually take some courses in biology, chemistry. biochemistry, mathematics and physics. Many premedical students gain practical experience by taking summer jobs or volunteer positions in hospitals, clinics, or research laboratories.
Education of a physician does not end with medical school graduation. New physicians must pass an examination for a state license to practice. Many then go into postgraduate education. MDs take a residency that lasts from one to seven years. DOs take an internship, which may be followed by a residency. During postgraduate education, physicians treat patients under the supervision of more-experienced doctors. This postgraduate training usually takes place in a hospital or clinic.
To be recognized as a specialist in a particular field, a physician must pass a special examination and become board-certified. Physicians earn a certificate from the American Board of Medical Specialties. This organization in Atlanta, Georgia, oversees the certification process.
New vocabulary:
1. to award a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree - присуждатьстепеньДокторамедицины
2. Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) degree - степеньДоктораостеопатии
3. highschool- средняя школа
4. premedicalstudy- домедицинское обучение
5. a residency - ординатура
6. acceptance into a school - принятие (поступление) вшколу
7. to require excellent grades - требоватьотличныхоценок
8. high scores - высокиебаллы
9. to gain experience - приобретатьопыт
10. astatelicense- государственная лицензия
11. an internship - интернатура
12. treat under the supervision -лечитьподнаблюдением
13. toberecognizedas aspecialist- быть признанным в качестве специалиста
14. tobecomeboard-certified- стать сертифицированным специалистом
15. AmericanBoard- Американский комитет
16. tooverseethecertificationprocess- надзирать за процессом сертифицирования
Answer the following questions:
1) How many medical schools are there in the USA?
2) What degrees do these schools award?
3) How long does it take an American to become a physician?
4) What stages does the training include?
5) Does acceptance into a medical school require excellent college grades?
6) What else is required to enter a medical school?
7) What does a premedical study include?
8) Why is an examination for a state license necessary for a physician?
9) How long can postgraduate education last?
10) What do physicians do in a hospital or clinic during postgraduate education?
11) Why must a physician pass a special examination?
12) What organization is responsible for certificates?
Topic 7
Переведитетекст:
The National Health Service (NHS) in Great Britain
The National Health Service was established in the United Kingdom on the 5 of July 1948 to improve mental and physical health and to provide prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. Similar services operate in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
NHS provides free medical treatment. The cost of health care is paid through general taxation and National Insurance system. About 97% of the whole population in Great Britain is using the system.
The service consists of the main parts:
- the general practitioner services,
- the hospital and specialist services,
- the local health authority services.
People are free to use the NHS or private sector of the service. Professional attention of a family doctor is available to everyone in Great Britain. Patients may choose the doctor and may change him. Doctors have the same freedom to accept or refuse patients. •
The family doctor gives treatment and prescribes medicine. But if a serious illness develops or diagnosis is difficult a doctor may call in a consultant or get hospital treatment for his patients.
Central Government is responsible for the NHS-planning and management of all health services and training of medical professionals.
Ответьтенавопросы:
When was the NHS established in the United Kingdom?
Do similar services operate throughout Great Britain?
What does the NHS provide?
What is the cost of health care paid through?
How many people are using the NHS?
6. What parts does the service consist of?
7. Is any patient free to choose his doctor?
8. In what cases does a family doctor call in a consultant or get hospital treatment for his patients?
9. Who is responsible for the NHS?
Topic 8
Outstanding Scientists of Chelyabinsk Medical Academ.
The scientific school of ChelyabinskMedicalAcademy was founded by L.Y. Ebert. He was the first in the world to work out the drug stimulation method of the human body immune status. His investigations were continued by his pupils Yu. Zakharov, S.N. Teplova, I.I. Dolgushin - the scientists with international reputation in the field of immunology. Now prof. E.L. Kurenkpv holds the post of vice-rector responsible for scientific orientation. He contributed much to the field of Pathologic Anatomy, .being оде of the youngest professors.
There are some academicians in our Academy. Y.M. Zakharov, Corresponding Member of Natural Sciences Academy has founded HaematologicCenter which has been working out new approaches in management of haemopoesis impairments. He is the head of the Ural department of International programme aimed at investigation of ecologic monitoring.
S.N. Teplova guides the scientific investigations connected with the problems of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). She is the author of the monograph "Immunology and HIV Infection" (human immune deficiency virus). Academician A.V. Vazhenin being the Head of the Regional Oncologic Dispancery and Department of X-ray diagnosis and treatment with his colleagues introduces the latest achievements in the fields of oncology, radiology into practical medicine. He holds many honorary degrees and membership in numerous scientific academies all over the world. Among the names of the theoreticians contributing much to medical science are the names of Y.V. Bryukhin, I. Volchegorsky, V.L. Kovalenko.
The scientific school of surgeons was founded by P.M. Tarasov. The original operation performed by prof. L.V. Novokreshchenov on Siamese twins received international appraise. Y.I. Malyshev founded the CardiologicCenter in the Urals. V.V. Privalov, V.A. Bordunovsky, I.V. Andrievskikh contribute much to surgery developing new techniques of operating and teaching students and post-graduate students.
The list of prominent scientists in the field of therapy includes the names of D.A.Glubokov, S.P. Sinitsin, A.S. Prazdnov, I.I. Shaposhnik. They deal with one of the most pressing problems of nowadays - management of cardiovascular diseases.
PediatricScientificSchool was founded by N.S. Teurina. The main scientific orientation of pediatric research is nonspecific respiratory and allergic diseases in children, taking into consideration severe ecological situation in our reg' n.
The scientists of our Academy take part in international programmes and exchange knowledge and experience with their colleagues from Canada, USA, Great Britain, Japan taking part in international conferences and symposia.
Topic 10
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In -patient Department
When patients are admitted to the hospital they are received by a nurse on duty at the reception ward.
Those patients who are to be hospitalized have already received the direction from the polyclinics. The nurse on duty fills in patients' case histories. In which She writesdown theirname, age, place of work, occupation, address and the initial diagnosis made by a doctor at the polyclinic.
Then a doctor on duty examines the hospitalized patients andgives his instructions what department the patients are to be admitted to.
At the in-patient departments of a hospital life begins early in the morning. The nurses on duty take the patients' temperature, give them intramuscular and intravenous injections, take stomach juice for analysis, apply cups and give all the prescribed remedies in the doses indicated by the ward doctors.
At about 9 a.m. the doctors begin the daily rounds of the wards during which they examine all the patients. After the medical examination the doctors administer the patients different procedures and the nurses carry them out? Electrocardiograms are taken, laboratory analyses of blood, urine, gastric juice and X-ray .films are made.
It is important to treat patients with great attention and care. They say that a hearty, attitude of the doctors and nurses to the patients helps much in their recovery.
помните следующие слова и словосочетания:
in-patient department - стационарноеотделение
to be admitted to the hospital - поступитьвбольницу
to receive - принимать
a nurse on duty - дежурнаямедсестра
a reception ward - приемныйпокой
a direction from the polyclinic - направлениеизполиклиники
acasehistory - историяболезни
occupation - родзанятий, должность
initial diagnosis - первоначальныйдиагноз
stomach juice - желудочныйсок
remedy - лекарство, средство
awarddoctor- лечащий (палатный) врач
attention - внимание
care - забота
heartyattitude - сердечное отношение
recovery - выздоровление
Ответьтенаследующиевопросы:
I. Who receives patients admitted to the hospital?
2. Where are patients, who are to be hospitalized, received?
3. What does a nurse on duty fill in?
4. What information does a nurse on duty write down in patients' case histories?
5. Who examines the hospitalized patients?
6. When does life begin at the in-patient department?
7. What do nurses on duty do?
8. When do doctors begin the daily rounds of the wards?
9. What procedures are made after the medical examination?
10. Is it important to treat patients with great attention and care?
II. What helps much in the patients' recovery?
Topic 11
Переведитетекст:
At a Chemist's
When we fell ill we need medicines. A doctor writes out a prescription and we order or buy prescribed drugs at a chemist's.
There are two departments in a chemist's. At the chemist's department one can have the medicine immediately, other drugs have to be ordered at the prescription department.
At any chemist's all the drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle, a tube or a box of medicine has a label on it. There are labels of three colours; whitelabels indicate drugs for internal use? yellow ones indicate drugs for external use and blue ones indicate drugs for injections.