Test Review: Chapter 1 & Chapter 2, sec. 1-3
1. In a(n) AUTOCRACY the power to rule is in the hands of a single person.
2. Under the economic system called CAPITALISM there is free choice and individual
incentive for workers, investors, and business enterprises.
3. SEPARATION OF POWERis defined as dividing power between the 3 branches of
government.
4. In a(n) REPUBLIC the voters hold sovereign power and elected
representatives exercise power.
5. REVENUE is the money that government collects from taxes and other sources.
6. A(n) EMBARGO is an agreement that prohibits trade. The colonies entered into such an
agreement to object to the passage of the INTOLERABLE Act.
7. A loose alliance of independent states is called a(n) CONFEDERACY.
8. A(n) OLIGARCHY exists when a small group of people hold power.
9. SOCIALISM is an economic system in which the government owns the basic means of
production and distribution and provides social services.
10. A FEDERAL system of government divides power between national and state levels.
11. A system of government in which the power of government is not absolute is called
LIMITED government.
12. A government in which the people rule is known as a(n) DEMOCRACY.
13. A UNITARY government exists when all key powers belong to the national government.
14. COMMUNISM is the form of economy that exist when the central government direct all
major economic decisions.
15. ACONSTITUTION is the plan that provides guideline for government by establishing the
basic structure of government and defining its powers and duties.
16. The VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES was the first elected assembly in colonial
America. It contributed to the growth of REPRESENTATIVE government in the colonies.
By the time of theRevolutionary War most colonies had elected LEGISLATURES.
17. The Pilgrims signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACTstating that they would be self-
governing.Great Britain allowed the colonies to govern themselves because of the vast
DISTANCE betweenGreat Britain and the New World.England had the greatest impact
on the American form of government.
18. The complex network of voluntary associations, economic groups, etc. that exist
independently of government are known as CIVIL SOCIETY.
19. ADAM SMITH was a Scottish economist that provided the philosophy for the economic
system called CAPITALISM.
20. The German writer KARL MARX wrote about “scientific socialism” and his ideas
became the foundation for the economic system called COMMUNISM. Class struggles
would lead to revolution.
21. The SOCIAL CONTRACT theory is the basis of American government. The English
political philosopher that believed people had natural rights and could change their
government wasJOHN LOCKE.
22. DANIEL SHAYS was the leader of a rebellion in Massachusetts that made many
Americans feel that they needed a stronger national government. Many people felt the
Articles of Confederation could not deal with the ECONOMIC and SOCIAL problems of
the new nation.
23. The Declaration of Independence was written by THOMAS JEFFERSON. It was based on
the writings of JOHN LOCKE and blamed King GEORGE III for the problems that
existed in colonial America. It identified our unalienable rights as LIFE, LIBERTY, AND
THEPURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.
It explained why the colonies were in REBELLION against British rule. The longest
section of the documents lists the GRIEVANCES against the King.
24. The 1st written constitution in colonial America was FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF
CONNECTICUT.
25. Ben Franklin’s tried to organize the colonies for trade and defense through the document
called the ALBANY PLAN OF UNION.
26. The STAMP ACT CONGRESSorganized protests against British policies in colonial
America.
27. The 1st written plan of government for the U.S. was the ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION. Its chief purpose was to preserve the autonomy of the 13 STATES.
It created a UNICAMERAL legislature and there was no chief EXECUTIVE OFFICER
orJUDICIAL branch. Some of the government’s major weaknesses were
COULD NOT TAX, NO COURT SYSTEM, COULD NOT REGULATE TRADE.
28. The NORTHWEST ORDINANCE provided a way for territories to organize and apply for
statehood in the U.S.
29. The SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS acted as the government of the U.S. during
the Revolutionary War.
30. The passage of the ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS ended the divine right to rule of British
monarchs.
31. Why is the state of Texas not sovereign? IT ANSWERS TO THE UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT
32. What are the 4 purposes of government?
MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER
PROVIDE PUBLIC SERVICES
PROVIDE NATIONAL SECURITY & COMMON DEFENSE
PROVIDE & CONTROL THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
33. What are 5 criteria necessary for a democracy to succeed?
- ACTIVE CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
- FAVORABLE ECONOMY
- WIDESPREAD EDUCATION
- STRONG CIVIL SOCIETY
- SOCIAL CONSENSUS -Majority rule w/ minority rts.
34. Identify and explain the 4 theories about the origin of government.
EVOLUTIONARY – DEVELOPED FROM FAMILIES;
FAMILYCLANTRIBEGOVERNMENT
FORCE – “MIGHT MAKES RIGHT”
PEOPLE BROUGHT UNDER THE CONTROL OF 1 PERSON
DIVINE RIGHT – RELIGION IS THE BASIS OF AUTHORITY
SOCIAL CONTRACT – PEOPLE GIVE UP RIGHTS TO A GOVERNMENT FOR
SECURITY &PROTECTION; STATE EXISTS TO
SERVE THE PEOPLE, JUSTIFIES THE RISE OF
MODERN DEMOCRACIES
35. What are essential features of a state?
POPULATION, TERRITORY, SOVEREIGNTY, AND GOVERNMENT
36. Place the following documents in chronological order (oldest to most recent.)
6 Articles of Confederation (1781)
5 Declaration of Independence (1776)
4 EnglishBills Of Rights (1689)
3Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
1 Magna Carta (1215)
2Mayflower Compact (1620)
7Northwest Ordinance (1787)