Test 7b: Science, Victorian England, German & Italian Unification, Eastern Europe

Name______

  1. Why did the new scientific discoveries and theories of the late 19th century trouble many Christians?

a)Because many of the scientists involved were openly atheist

b)Because many of the scientists involved were openly homosexual

c)Because many of these new ideas directly contradicted the Bible

d)Because many of these new ideas denied the existence of a human "soul"

  1. What was Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

a)The idea that all life on Earth had evolved from earlier, simpler forms of life

b)The idea that all life on Earth had its origins in alien life forms

c)The idea that mankind undergoes continuous intellectual change which will one day allow man to understand the nature of God

d)The idea that every person evolves during their individual lifetimes from a selfish infant into a rational and productive adult

  1. Which of the following would be an example of how Charles Darwin's notion of "survival of the fittest" came to be applied to human society (Social Darwinism)?

a)A large corporation like AT&T is broken up into smaller, more competitive independent companies

b)White Europeans use their technological advantages to dominate African and Asian populations and exploit them for labor and natural resources

c)The Red Cross is created to provide assistance to people whose lives have been affected by war or disaster

d)A teacher creates a "no failures" policy which guarantees that all students will be given every opportunity to pass a class

  1. How did voting change in Great Britain in the early 1800s?

a)Fewer and fewer people were allowed to vote

b)Women were allowed to vote

c)Colonists living outside of Britain were allowed to send elected representatives to Parliament

d)Racial and religious restrictions on voting were removed

  1. Which of the following BEST describes Victorian England?

a)People lived a very carefree lifestyle where morality was not very important

b)People lived a very morally strict lifestyle where good manners and courtesy were very important

c)Women's rights were rapidly expanded as young women began to rebel against their parents

d)Children began to be allowed to participate in family decisions and to express differing opinions from their parents

  1. Which of the following BEST describes the French Third Republic?

a)A democracy that enacted major social reforms, but was hampered by political scandals and racial tensions

b)A constitutional monarchy led by Napoleon III that failed to meet the needs of France's poor and was overthrown after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870

c)A socialist state where the French people's basic needs were provided by the state

d)A failed attempt at radical communism

  1. Which of the following ideas would Otto von Bismarck have most likely supported?

a)Legal protections for German Catholics to freely practice their religion

b)The removal of social welfare programs such as health care, disability compensation, and retirement

c)Crackdowns on socialist groups and censorship of communist newspapers

d)The breaking up of Germany into dozens of much smaller independent states

  1. Why was a unified German state a major concern for the other nations of Europe?

a)Because of Germany's adoption of Marx and Engels idea of communism as a form of government

b)Because of Germany's abundant natural resources, manufacturing and transportation capabilities, and educated workforce

c)Because of Germany's highly unstable and volatile government which was plagued by regular revolts

d)Because of Germany's threat to invade France and retake land which they had lost to the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870

  1. All of the following represented strong arguments in favor of the political unification of Italy, EXCEPT:

a)Geography

b)Common religion

c)Common language

d)The strong support of the idea by the pope

  1. Which of the following represented a problem faced by the government of the newly unified Italy?

a)Economic inequality between a rich urban north and a poor rural south

b)The constant threat of invasion by both France and Austria

c)Religious warfare between Italian Catholics and Italian Protestants

d)Italian women protesting in favor of women's suffrage

  1. What common problem faced Eastern Europe's 19th century empires (Austria, the Ottomans, & Russia)?

a)The threat of attack by the more powerful nations of Western Europe

b)They were too small to compete with the larger empires of Western Europe

c)They all had populations which were extremely diverse, speaking multiple languages and practicing multiple religions

d)They lacked key natural resources, forcing them to regularly go to war to acquire new territories

  1. How did the Napoleonic Wars and France's invasion of Russia in 1812 affect Czar Aleksandr I's domestic policies?

a)Aleksandr became more open to the idea of political and social reform following the war

b)Aleksandr, horrified by how Enlightenment ideals had affected France, abandoned his plans for reform following the war

c)Aleksandr decided to immediately free Russia's millions of serfs for their loyal service during the war

d)Aleksandr was forced to dramatically raise taxes on the nobility in order to pay for the war, prompting the nobility to have him assassinated

  1. Russian Czars Nikolai I and Aleksandr III had each of the following traits in common, EXCEPT:

a)Use of secret police to spy on their own population

b)Heavy censorship of the press

c)Centralized government where all decisions were made directly by the czar himself

d)Expansion of religious freedoms to religious minorities such as the Jews and Muslims

  1. What was Russian Czar Aleksandr II's greatest accomplishment?

a)Winning a war against Japan

b)Freeing the serfs

c)The suppression of the powerful Russian nobility once and for all

d)The completion of the new Russian capital at St. Petersburg

  1. How did his response to the 1905 Rebellion affect Russian Czar Nikolai II's credibility with the Russian people?

a)He proved himself a reliable leader by creating a constitutional monarchy

b)He proved himself to be unreliable because of his inability to maintain order in the face of the workers' strikes and Potemkin mutiny

c)He proved himself trustworthy because of his moves to create a Russian Bill of Rights which protected basic freedoms like speech, religion, and press

d)He proved himself untrustworthy by failing to follow through on any of the reforms he had promised in order to end the rebellion

  1. What was the primary cause for Russia's inability to enjoy the social, political, and technological advances of the Western European nations?

a)Poor natural resources

b)Inconsistent leadership

c)Too much power was held by the Russian nobility

d)Not enough available labor to meet the demands of factories