Technological Implementation Plan

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

A Framework for the further development, dissemination and use of

the results of EC RTD Projects (including also thematic networks and concerted actions)

WP3

(version 27/11/2003)

DATA SHEETS

Preliminary version at mid-term (optional, programme per programme)

X Final version before final term (contractual obligation)

Part 1Overview and description of your project and its results

EC PROGRAMME : / Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources
PROJECT TITLE & ACRONYM: / Garlic & Health: the development of high quality garlic and its influence on biomarkers of atherosclerosis and cancer in humans for disease prevention
G&H
CONTRACT NUMBER : / QLK1-CT-1999-0498
PROJECT WEB SITE (if any) : /
PARTNERS NAMES : / P4: O. Huchette. COOPD’OR R&D , INRA, B.V. 1540, 21034 Dijon, France. tel: 33-380693127; fax: 33-380693263; e-mail:
P5: J. Auger. Universite de F. Rabelais, IRBI, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Monge 37200 Tours, France. tel: 33 247366970; fax: 33 247366966; e-mail:
P8: L. Féréol, R. Kahane. CIRAD-FLHOR, Ta50/PS4, Boulevard de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. tel: 33 4 676 15562, fax: 33 4 67615688; e-mail: ,
(P9): V. Chovelon, INRA, Pathologie Végétale, BP 94, 84143 Montfavet, France. tel: 33 4 32 72 28 87; fax: 33 4 32 72 28 42; e-mail:

1.1Executive summary

Please, synthesise (in 1 or 2 pages) your project original objectives and final outcome.
a)Original research objectives
Two objectives are covered by this WP: a scientific one, which should answer the question whether it is of economical value to breed for high S-content garlic bulbs; and a technical one, which should supply garlic material for the needs of the Health participants.
Environmental factors (climatic, fertilisation, sanitary aspects) are known to influence the sulphur status of garlic bulbs, but their interaction with the genetics is not yet known. It is of importance to determine whether the genotype is the key factor for producing a high quality garlic, to determine in which conditions it should be cropped for the best genetic expression of the sulphur compounds, and what would be the best combination for practical cropping and industrial processing. This task is the most closely coupled one with the Health part. The health-value of some garlic genotypes and some treated garlic bulbs (S-enriched in particular) will be investigated from the plant material produced in the field and greenhouse experiments. Classic industrial processing will be applied to the samples in order to be comparative to the Chinese garlic powder, considered as control, and to be ready for biological and industrial uses.
Four virus-free garlic varieties (Messidrôme, Printanor, Morado de Cuenca and Rouge de la Réunion) will be introduced in vitro and propagated for one year to produce enough material for experiments. The effects of environmental factors will be studied in vitro for each genotype during the bulbing process including a cold induction (3-10°C) followed by bulb formation in a warm environment under long photoperiods (16-24 hrs) and a defined light spectrum (R:FR ratio). Temperature during bulb formation is a factor reported to influence sulphur content of the swelling tissues and will also be investigated. Various nutrition treatments with SO4, NO3 and SeO3 or SeO4 enriched solutions should indicate whether nitrogen or selenium are antagonists to sulphur for CSO storage in garlic tissues. Intermediate plant sampling will occur throughout the culture treatments on fresh material. The fresh samples will be analysed for CSO and pyruvate content, in order to determine the precursors and the alliinase activity (CSO:pyruvate ratio).
Similar analyses will be performed on plant material grown in greenhouse for S-enriched garlic bulbs. Genetic material will be reduced to two extreme accessions, one high and one low in sulphur content (from the core collection). Environmental conditions will follow the optimal factors observed in vitro. Plant material from the greenhouse will be used in toxicological experiments as S-enriched products. Part of the bulb material will be processed (dehydrated and powdered) and CSO again measured before health-value studies by the Health participants.
A preliminary field experiment will compare virus-free and virus-contaminated garlic for CSO content in order to determine how strong shoudl be the insect-proof conditions for field experiments (P4). A field experiment will be carried out over two years in Crest (France) and Cordoba (Spain) in a complete randomised block design, in order to study the interaction environment (year, location) x sulphur fertilisation (calcium sulfate) on garlic, and to supply the health partners in differentiated garlic products (dehydrated powder).
b)Expected deliverables

DP. 7: Chemical screening (CSO content) of the genetic resources (P5).
DP. 2: Chinese garlic powder to be analysed (P5).
DP. 15: Physiological (growth traits) and chemical distinction (CSO) between accessions when cultivated in various sulphur nutrition regimes over two years (P4, P6). Processing into powder (P4), CSO content (P5) and biological value (transfer to the Health participants).
DP. 14: Chemical distinction between garlic accessions when cultivated in various sulphur nutrition regimes and under distinct temperatures in vitro (P4). Comparison with field-grown material grown (P4 & P6).
DP. 34: Chemical distinction (CSO) between accessions when cultivated in various sulphur (greenhouse) and mineral nutrition regimes (in vitro; P4).
DP. 22: Paper on the interaction genotype x environment on the sulphur content of garlic plants grown in vitro , in greenhouse and in field conditions (P4, P5 & P9).
DP. 30: Paper on the effect of combined sulphur, nitrogen and selenium nutrition on garlic growth, flavour precursor content and on biological potential of garlic for disease prevention (P4, P5).

c)Project’s actual outcome ( in terms of technical achievements or if appropriate task per task)

A new HPLC method was established to quantify simultaneously all the relevant sulphur compounds (alliin, isoalliin, allicin and related dipeptides) present in garlic.
The effect of genotype x environment x S fertilisation has been studied in vitro (3 experiments between 2001 and 2003), in greenhouse (2 experiments in 2001 and 2002), and in the field (2 experiments in 2000 and 2001in 2 locations, France and Spain).
The effect of combined sulphur and nitrogen has been studied in vitro (1 experiment in 2003) and in greenhouse (1 experiment in 2003).
Three genotypes from distinct variety groups have been distinguished from the physiological and biochemical points of view. Garlic powders were processed from harvested bulbs, characterised and used by the Health partners.

d)Broad dissemination and use intentions for the expected outputs (such as industrial development,standards, regulations and norms, improvement of environment, health, working conditions, employment, net economic benefits, etc)
Research and development for bulb quality in terms of sulphur compound composition and variability and the consequent new horizons for field cultivation, via genetic and environment control. Based on these results, production of high S-content material, high or low alliin or ARP garlic bulbs, and utilization of yet better known factors (S fertilization, climatic conditions) or varieties influencing quality traits in alliaceous crops will be possible.

1.2Overview of all your main project results

No. / Self-descriptive title of the result / Category
A, B or C* / Partner(s) owning the result(s) (referring in particular to specific patents, copyrights, etc.) & involved in their further use
1 / Understanding of factors affecting alliin content of garlic bulbs / A / P4-P5
2 / A new HPLC method quantifying simultaneously all the relevant sulphur compounds (alliin, isoalliin, allicin and related dipeptides) present in garlic / A / P5-P15
3 / Development of an in vitro bulbification system for garlic (3 varieties) / A / P4-P8-P9
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

* A: results usable outside the consortium / B: results usable within the consortium / C: non usable results

1.3Quantified Data on the dissemination and use of the project results

Items about the dissemination and use of the project results (consolidated numbers) / Currently achieved
quantity / Estimated future* quantity
# of product innovations (commercial) / - / -
# of process innovations (commercial) / - / 1
# of new services (commercial) / - / -
# of new services (public) / - / -
# of new methods (academic) / 1 / 1
# of scientific breakthrough / 1 / 1
# of technical standards to which this project has contributed / 1 / 1
# of EU regulations/directives to which this project has contributed / - / -
# of international regulations to which this project has contributed / - / -
# of PhDs generated by the project / - / -
# of grantees/trainees including transnational exchange of personnel / 5 / 3

# = number of ... / *“Future” means expectations within the next 3 years following the end of the project

1.4.Comment on European Interest

All projects are expected to meet European interests. This section should provide an appraisal of your project in terms of European added value and support to the implementation of European Union policies.

1.4.1. Community added value and contribution to EU policies

a. European dimension of the problem
(The extent to which the project has contributed to solve problems at European level)
Garlic is an important crop in many EU countries (e.g., France, Spain, Italy, and others) whose potential is limited by the products of Chinese exports. There was a lack in methods for checking internal bulb quality, as well as technical procedures for producing raw material with improved and acknowledged quality available for immediate utilization in the fresh marketing and the processing industries.
One immediate application is the use of analytical methods for characterizing the garlic bulb quality in terms of sulphur compounds. A second one are recommendations for keeping high alliin level in garlic crops in the European growth conditions (climatic/fertilization factors).
Cropping high quality garlic in tuning environmental factors is now feasible: to produce knowledge for cultivation of an European garlic with high quality of S-compounds for positive effects on human health.
b. Contribution to developing S&T co-operation at international level. European added value
(Development of critical mass in human and financial terms; combination of complementary expertise and resources available Europe-wide)
In agreement with the EU policy for support of developing nations, in the future, garlic growers in developing countries will benefit from the quality and yield traits of the best garlic varieties available in the temperate zones, by adapting technical recommendations of long-photoperiod material to short photoperiod regions.
c. Contribution to policy design or implementation
(Contribution to one or more EU policies; RTD connected with standardisation and regulation at Community and/or national levels)

1.4.2. Contribution to Community social objectives

Improving the quality of life in the Community :

- Reducing production costs by an appropriate use of S-fertilizers to stimulate or protect the vegetatively propagated crops; possible development of methods avoiding stress and stimulating plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress; increased sulphur compound yields via healthy and vigorous plant growth
- Improved quality of the raw material for the consumer of fresh garlic (including flavour), for the processing (including high dry matter concentration and shelf-life) and for the nutraceutical (including high level of the important organo sulfur compounds) industries.
b. Provision of appropriate incentives for monitoring and creating jobs in the Community (including use and development of skills) :
c. Supporting sustainable development, preserving and/or enhancing the environment (including use/conservation of resources) :
High quality garlic cropped in the E.U. will be produced in a complete transparent procedure thus differentiating from imported products. The comprehensive knowledge on the role of S-fertilizer and the time for its application will contribute to a better management of the environment, including soil and water resources.

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1.5.Expected project impact (to be filled in by the project coordinator)

Remark: by replying to the following questions, the coordinator is asked to express his best estimation regarding the impact of the project.

Overall Policy Impact[1]

EU Policy Goals / I / II
other
SCALE OF EXPECTED IMPACT OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS[2] / Not applicable to project / Project Impact
too difficult to estimate
-1 0 1 2 3

Improved sustainable economic development and growth, competitiveness 

Improved employment 

Improved quality of life and health and safety 

Improved education 

Improved preservation and enhancement of the environment 

Improved scientific and technological quality 

Regulatory and legislative environment 

8. Other 

T.I.P. Version 3.3Page 116/02/2001

Indicate your replies below by putting in each box the number corresponding to the score you chose:

1. Economic development and growth, competitiveness / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Increased Turnover for project participants
- national markets
- international markets
b)Increased Productivity for project participants
c)Reduced costs for project participants
d) Improved output quality/high technology content
d)
e)
2. Employment / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Safeguarding of jobs
b)Net employment growth in projects participants staff
c)Net employment growth in customer and supply chains
d) Net employment growth in the European economy at large
3. Quality of Life and health and safety / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Improved health care
b)Improved food, nutrition
c)Improved safety (incl. consumers and workers safety)
d)Improved quality of life for the elderly and disabled
e)Improved life expectancy
f)Improved working conditions
g)Improved child care
h)Improved mobility of persons
4. Improved education / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Improved learning processes including lifelong learning
b)Development of new university curricula
5. Preservation and enhancement of the environment / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Improved prevention of emissions
b)Improved treatment of emissions
c)Improved preservation of natural resources and cultural heritage
d) Reduced energy consumption
6. S&T quality / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Production of new knowledge
b)Safeguarding or development of expertise in a research area
c)Acceleration of RTD, transfer or uptake
d)Enhance skills of RTD staff
e)Transfer expertise/know-how/technology
f)Improved access to knowledge-based networks
g)Identifying appropriate partners and expertise
h)Develop international S&T co-operation
i)Increased gender equality
7. Regulatory and legislative environment / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3
a)Contribution to EU policy formulation
b) Contribution to EU policy implementation
8. Other (please specify) / Scale of Expected Impacts over the next 10 years (2)
By Project End
-1 0 1 2 3 / After Project End
-1 0 1 2 3

I, project co-ordinator, confirm the published information contained in this part 1 of the TIP.

Signature:Name:

Date:Organisation:

Part 2Description of each result

A separate part 2 must be completed for each result. This may be done by the partner responsible for the result or by the project co-ordinator.

The part 2 must be consolidated at the consortium level and transmitted to the Commission by the co-ordinator.

partS 2 will be DISSEMINATED by the commission

2.1 : Description of the result(s), one form per result

No. & TITLE OF RESULT (same as in table 1.2)

No. / Self-descriptive title of the result
1 / Understanding of factors affecting the alliin content of garlic bulbs

CONTACT PERSON FOR THIS RESULT

Name / HUCHETTE Odile
Position / Research Engineer in charge of the P4 part of the project
Organisation / DIJON CEREALES / COOP D’OR
Address / RN5 – 21130 Villers-Les-Pots - FRANCE
Telephone / + 00 33 (0)3 80 69 31 27
Fax / + 00 33 (0)3 80 69 32 63
E-mail /

SUMMARY (200 words maximum)

Provide an overview of the result which gives the reader an immediate impression of the nature of the result, its relevance and its potential; Briefly describe the current status/applications of the result (if appropriate) with non confidential information on entities potentially involved.

Field experiments were carried out in two locations (France and Spain) in 2000 and 2001with increasing sulphur fertilisation. The results showed a slight effect of the S level, only observed in French conditions on one of the three genotypes tested, but also a strong effect of the environment as spanish alliin contents were allways three to five times higher as in France. Experiments in controlled conditions (in vitro and greenhouse) on the same genotypes proved a strong influence of the genotype and a significant role of the light spectrum on alliin content of the bulbs, although no effect of the temperature could be stressed.
Increasing sulphur fertilisation in controlled conditions revealed an interaction between S fertilisation and genotype, and an additional interaction with light spectrum in vitro. Experiments in vitro and in greenhouse also showed an antagonistic effect from increasing nitrogen fertilisation combined to various sulphur levels on alliin content of the bulbs.

Please categorise the result using codes from Annex 1

Subject descriptors codes / 14 / 142 / 491

CURRENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

Please tick one category only 
Scientific and/or Technical knowledge (Basic research) / 
Guidelines, methodologies, technical drawings / 
Software code / 
Experimental development stage (laboratory prototype) / 
Prototype/demonstrator available for testing / 
Results of demonstration trials available / 
Other (please specify.): / 

DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION ON THE RESULT

List main information and documentation, stating whether public or confidential.
Documentation type / Details(Title, ref. number, general description, language) / Status: PU=Public
CO=Confidential
Scientific paper / Paper in progress : Influence of environmental and genetic factors on alliin content of garlic bulbs / PU
Scientific paper / Paper in progress : Effect of combined sulphur and nitrogen nutrition on garlic growth and flavour precursor content of bulbs / PU

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Type of IPR / KNOWLEDGE:
Tick a box and give the corresponding details
(reference numbers, etc) if appropriate / Pre-existing know-how
Tick a box and give the corresponding details(reference numbers, etc) if appropriate
Current / Foreseen / Tick / Details
Tick / NoP 1) / NoI 2) / Details / Tick
Patent applied for
Patent granted
Patent search carried out
Registered design
Trademark applications
Copyrights
Secret know-how
Other - please specify :

1) Number of Priority (national) applications/patents

2) Number of Internationally extended applications/patents

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MARKET APPLICATION SECTORS

Please describe the possible sectors for application using the NACE classification in Annex 2.

Market application sectors / 01

2.2.Quantified data about the result

Items (about the results) / Actual current quantity a / Estimated (or future) quantity b
Time to application / market (in months from the end of the research project) / 1 to 6
Number of (public or private) entities potentially involved in the implementation of the result : / 2 / 3
of which : number of SMEs : / 2 / 2 to 3
of which : number of entities in third countries (outside EU) : / 0 / 0
Targeted user audience: # of reachable people / 0 / 0
# of S&T publications (referenced publications only) / 0 / 2
# of publications addressing general public (e.g. CD-ROMs, WEB sites) / 0 / 1
# of publications addressing decision takers / public authorities / etc. / 0 / 0
Visibility for the general public / Yes / No

a Actual current quantity = the number of items already achieved to date.