<Table S2> GenBank accession numbers for sequences used in phylogenetic analyses. Sequences generated for this study are in bold, and the biogeographical/invasive status of each taxon in the CAFP is listed in the far right column.
Species / ITS / trnL-F / matK / CAFP statusAlfrediaacantholepisKar. & Kir. / AY826224 / AY826224 / N/A / unreported
AcroptilonaustraleIljin / DQ310942 / DQ310909.1 / N/A / unreported
Acroptilonrepens(L.) DC. / AY826223 / AY772268.1 / AY013489 / invasive
Alfrediacernua(L.) Cass. / AY826225 / AY772269.1 / AY013519 / unreported
AlfredianiveaKar. & Kir. / AY826226 / AY772270.1 / AY785087 / unreported
AmberboaturanicaIljin / AY012275 / JF754753.1 / N/A / unreported
AmphoricarposautariatusBlečić & E.Mayer / AY826227 / AY772271.1 / AY785088 / unreported
AmphoricarposexsulO.Schwarz / AY826228 / AY772272.1 / AY785089 / unreported
ArctiumlappaL. / AY826229 / AB551238.1 / AY013520 / exotic
Arctiumminus(Hill) Bernh. / AY826230 / AY772274.1 / AY013521 / exotic
AtractyliscancellataL. / AY826231 / AY772275.1 / EU385325 / unreported
Atractyliscarduus(Forssk.) C.Chr. / AY826232 / AY772276.1 / AY013523 / unreported
Atractylodescarlinoides(Hand.-Mazz.) Kitam. / FJ872830 / EU931342.1 / N/A / unreported
AtractylodesjaponicaKoidz. ex Kitam. / AY826233 / AY772277.1 / AY013524 / unreported
Atractylodeskoreana(Nakai) Kitam. / AB219409 / EF028336.1 / AB008760.1 / unreported
Atractylodeslancea(Thunb.) DC. / JX083769 / EF028337.1 / AB008761.1 / unreported
BerardiasubacaulisVill. / AY826234 / AY772278.1 / AY013525 / unreported
BrachylaenadiscolorDC. * / AY826236 / AY772280.1 / AY785090 / unreported
Callicephalusnitens(M.Bieb.) C.A.Mey. / AY826237 / AY772281.1 / AY013492 / unreported
CarduusacanthoidesL. / EF123106 / KC969560 / AY013493 / invasive
CarduuscarlinoidesGouan / AY826240.1 / AY772284.1 / AY013527.1 / unreported
CarduuscrispusL. / AY914813.1 / AF129825.1 / N/A / unreported
CarduusdefloratusL. / AY826241 / AY772285.1 / AY013527 / unreported
CarduusnutansL. / HQ540426 / AF129825.1 / KC969472 / invasive
CarduuspycnocephalusL. / EF123105.1 / KC969561 / AY013528 / invasive
CarduustenuiflorusCurtis / AF443679 / KC969473 / KC969473 / invasive
CarlinaacanthifoliaAll. / AY826242.1 / AY772286.1 / AY013529 / unreported
CarlinafalcataSvent. / AY826243.1 / AY772287.1 / AY013530 / unreported
Carlinagummifera(L.) Less. / AY826244.1 / AY772288.1 / AY013531 / unreported
CarlinalanataL. / AY826245.1 / AY772289.1 / AY013532 / unreported
CarlinasiculaTen. / KC969474 / KC969474 / KC969474 / unreported
CarlinavulgarisL. / AY826246.1 / AY772290.1 / AY013533 / unreported
Carthamusbalearicus(J.J.Rodr.) Greuter / AY826284.1 / AY772327.1 / AY013509.1 / unreported
CarthamuscaeruleusL. / GU969620.1 / HM002864.1 / KC969475 / unreported
CarthamuscreticusL. / AY826247 / HM002863.1 / AY785092 / exotic
Carthamusduvauxii(Batt.) Batt. / AY826239 / AY772283.1 / AY013493.1 / unreported
CarthamuslanatusL. / GU969633.1 / HM002875.1 / KC969476 / invasive
CarthamusleucocaulosSm. / GU969635.1 / HM002878.1 / KC969477 / exotic
CarthamusoxyacanthusM.Bieb. / AY826248 / HM002882.1 / AY013494.1 / unreported
CarthamusrhiphaeusFont Quer & Pau / AY826310 / AY772348.1 / AY013512.1 / unreported
CarthamustinctoriusL. / JQ230977.1 / HM002894.1 / EU385331 / exotic
CarthamusturkestanicusPopov / AY826249.1 / HM002898.1 / AY785093 / unreported
CentaureaarrigoniiGreuter / KC969478 / KC969478 / KC969478 / unreported
CentaureabehenL. / AY826250.1 / AY772294.1 / AY013496 / unreported
Centaureabenedicta(L.) L. / DQ319091.1 / KC969479 / KC969479 / exotic
Centaureabruguierana(DC.) Hand.-Mazz. / AY826251.1 / AY772295.1 / AY013497 / unreported
CentaureacalcitrapaL. / AY826252.1 / KC969480 / KC969480 / invasive
CentaureacinerariaL. / KC969481 / KC969481 / KC969481 / exotic
CentaureacyanusL. / AY826254.1 / HM002865.1 / KC969482 / exotic
CentaureadepressaM.Bieb. / AY826255.1 / AY772297.1 / AY013499 / unreported
CentaureadiffusaLam. / KC969483 / KC969483 / KC969483 / invasive
CentaureadilutaAiton / KC969484 / KC969484 / KC969484 / exotic
CentaureaibericaTrevir. / DQ319120.1 / KC969485 / KC969485 / invasive
CentaureainvolucrataDesf. / AY826256.1 / AY772298.1 / AY013503 / unreported
CentaureajaceaL. / DQ319125.1 / KC969486 / KC969486 / exotic
CentaurealingulataLag. / AY826258.1 / AY772300.1 / AY013505 / unreported
CentaureamelitensisL. / HQ540425 / EU385047.1 / EU385332 / invasive
CentaureamontanaL. / HQ407430.1 / HM002880.1 / KC969487 / unreported
CentaureanapifoliaL. / DQ319135.1 / KC969488 / KC969488 / unreported
CentaureaparlatorisHeldr. / KC969489 / KC969489 / KC969489 / unreported
CentaurearagusinaL. / KC969490 / KC969490 / KC969490 / unreported
CentaureasolstitialisL. / DQ319163.1 / KC969491 / KC969491 / invasive
CentaureastoebeL. / FJ969855.1 / KC969492 / KC969492 / invasive
CentaureasulphureaWilld. / HM009322.1 / KC969493 / KC969493 / exotic
CentaureavirgataLam. / DQ319174.1 / KC969494 / KC969494 / invasive
Centaurothamnusmaximus(Forssk.) Wagenitz & Dittrich / AY826259.1 / AY772301.1 / N/A / unreported
Chardiniaorientalis(L.) Kuntze / AY826260.1 / AY772302.1 / AY013534 / unreported
Cheirolophusmauritanicus(Font Quer) Susanna / AY826261.1 / AY772303.1 / AY013507.1 / unreported
Cheirolophusteydis(C.Sm.) G.López / AY826262.1 / AY772304.1 / AY785094.1 / unreported
Cirsiumalpis-lunaeBrilli-Catt. & Gubellini / KC969495 / KC969495 / KC969495 / unreported
Cirsiumandersonii(A.Gray) Petr. / AF443683.1 / KC969496 / KC969496 / NATIVE
Cirsiumandrewsii(A.Gray) Jeps. / KC969497 / KC969497 / KC969497 / NATIVE
Cirsiumarizonicum(A.Gray) Petr. / KC969498 / KC969498 / KC969498 / NATIVE
Cirsiumarvense(L.) Scop. / AF443680.1 / KC969499 / KC969499 / invasive
CirsiumbaytopaeP.H.Davis & Parris / KC969500 / KC969500 / KC969500 / unreported
CirsiumbertoloniiSpreng. / KC969501 / KC969501 / KC969501 / unreported
CirsiumbrevistylumCronquist / AF443685.1 / KC969502 / KC969502 / NATIVE
CirsiumcanescensNutt. / KC969503 / KC969503 / KC969503 / unreported
Cirsiumciliolatum(L.F.Hend.) J.T.Howell / KC969504 / KC969504 / KC969504 / NATIVE
Cirsiumcrassicaule(Greene) Jeps. / KC969505 / KC969505 / KC969505 / NATIVE
Cirsiumcymosum(Greene) J.T.Howell / AF443691.1 / KC969506 / KC969506 / NATIVE
Cirsiumdiscolor(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. / AF443692.1 / GU817988.1 / N/A / unreported
CirsiumdouglasiiDC. / AF443686.1 / KC969507 / KC969507 / NATIVE
Cirsiumechinus(M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz. / AY826263.1 / AY772305.1 / N/A / unreported
Cirsiumerisithales(Jacq.) Scop. / KC969508 / KC969508 / KC969508 / unreported
Cirsiumfontinale(Greene) Jeps. / KC969509 / KC969509 / KC969509 / NATIVE
Cirsiumhydrophilum(Greene) Jeps. / AF443698.1 / KC969510 / KC969510 / NATIVE
Cirsiuminamoenum(Greene) D.J.Keil / KC969511 / KC969511 / KC969511 / NATIVE
Cirsiummohavense(Greene) Petr. / AF443700.1 / KC969596 / KC969596 / unreported
Cirsiummonspessulanum(L.) Hill / AF443717.1 / KC969512 / KC969512 / unreported
CirsiumneomexicanumA.Gray / AF443718.1 / KC969513 / KC969513 / unreported
Cirsiumoccidentale(Nutt.) Jeps. / AF443703.1 / KC969514 / KC969514 / NATIVE
CirsiumochrocentrumA.Gray / KC969515 / KC969515 / KC969515 / invasive
Cirsiumpalustre(L.) Coss. ex Scop. / AF443704.1 / DQ875416.1 / AY013536.1 / unreported
Cirsiumquercetorum(A.Gray) Jeps. / AF443706.1 / KC969516 / KC969516 / NATIVE
Cirsiumremotifolium(Hook.) DC. / AF443707.1 / KC969517 / KC969517 / NATIVE
CirsiumrhothophilumS.F.Blake / AF443709.1 / KC969518 / KC969518 / NATIVE
Cirsiumscabrum(Poir.) Bonnet & Barratte / KC969519 / KC969519 / KC969519 / unreported
Cirsiumscariosumvar.congdonii(R.J.Moore & Frankton) D.J.Keil / KC969520 / KC969520 / KC969520 / NATIVE
Cirsiumspinosissimum(L.) Scop. / AF443720.1 / KC969521 / KC969521 / unreported
CirsiumtenoreanumPetr. / KC969522 / KC969522 / KC969522 / unreported
Cirsiumvulgare(Savi) Ten. / KC969523 / AF129826.1 / KC969523 / invasive
Cousiniaastracanica(Spreng.) Tamamsch. / AY826266.1 / AY772308.1 / AY373670.1 / unreported
CousiniacoronataFranch. / AY826267.1 / AY772309.1 / AY373662.1 / unreported
CousiniagrandifoliaKult. / AY826268.1 / AY772310.1 / AY373679.1 / unreported
CousinialappaceaSchrenk / AY826269.1 / AY772311.1 / AY373677.1 / unreported
CousiniamicrocarpaBoiss. / AY826270.1 / AY772312.1 / AY373667.1 / unreported
CousinianeubaueriRech.f. / AY826271.1 / AY772376.1 / AY785096.1 / unreported
CousiniapolycephalaRupr. / AY826273.1 / AY772313.1 / AY373668.1 / unreported
CousiniapurpureaC.A.Mey. ex DC. / AY826274.1 / AY772314.1 / AY373663.1 / unreported
CousiniatrifloraSchrenk / AY826275.1 / AY772315.1 / AY373675.1 / unreported
CousiniaumbrosaBunge / AY826276.1 / AY772316.1 / AY373676.1 / unreported
Cousiniopsisatractyloides(C.Winkl.) Nevski / AY826277.1 / AY772317.1 / AY785097.1 / unreported
Crocodiliumcreticum(Boiss. & Heldr.) N.Garcia & Susanna / AY826278.1 / AY772318.1 / N/A / unreported
Crupinacrupinastrum(Moris) Vis. / L35884.1 / JF754762.1 / N/A / unreported
CrupinavulgarisPers. ex Cass. / AY826280.1 / AY772320.1 / KC969524 / invasive
CynaracardunculusL. / AJ831531.2 / AF129828.1 / KC969525 / invasive
CynaracornigeraLindl. / AY826281.1 / AY772321.1 / AY013538.1 / unreported
CynarahumilisL. / AY826282.1 / AY772322.1 / AY785099.1 / unreported
Dolomiaea tibetica (unpublished) / AY366334.1 / AY330342.1 / N/A / unreported
DolomiaeacalophyllaLing / AY914816.1 / AY914859.1 / N/A / unreported
Dolomiaeaedulis(Franch.) C.Shih / AY914817.1 / AY914860.1 / N/A / unreported
EchinopsacantholepisJaub. & Spach / AY826222 / AY772267.1 / AY785086 / unreported
EchinopsniveusWall. ex Royle / AY538634.1 / AY772323.1 / AY785100.1 / unreported
EchinopspersicusSteven ex DC. / AY538639.1 / AY772324.1 / AY785101.1 / unreported
EchinopsritroL. / GU116544.1 / JQ291301 / EU385350.1 / unreported
EchinopssphaerocephalusL. / AY538637.1 / GU134529.1 / KC969526 / unreported
EchinopsspinosissimusTurra / GU116547.1 / GU134534.1 / AY013539.1 / unreported
EchinopstschimganicusB.Fedtsch. / AY538633.1 / AY772325.1 / AY785102.1 / unreported
EchinopsviscosusDC. / AY826283.1 / AY772326.1 / AY013540.1 / unreported
Froloviafrolowii(Ledeb.) Raab-Straube / AY914822.1 / AJ606139.1 / N/A / unreported
GalactitestomentosaMoench / AY826285.1 / AF129831.1 / AY013541.1 / unreported
Himalaielladeltoidea(DC.) / AY914825.1 / AJ606137.1 / AB118143.1 / unreported
Hypacanthiumechinopifolium(Bornm.) Juz. / AY826286.1 / AY772329.1 / N/A / unreported
JurineaalbicaulisBunge / AY826287.1 / AY772330.1 / AY373684.1 / unreported
Jurineaberardioides(Boiss.) Hoffman / AY826288.1 / AY772331.1 / N/A / unreported
Jurineacarduiformis(Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. / AY826289.1 / AY772332.1 / AY785103.1 / unreported
JurinearobustaSchrenk / AY826291.1 / AY772333.1 / AY373685.1 / unreported
Klaseaserratuloides(DC.) Greuter & Wagenitz / AY826295.1 / AY772334.1 / N/A / unreported
Lamyropappusschakaptaricus(B.Fedtsch.) Knorr. & Tamamsch. / AY826296.1 / AY772335.1 / AY785104.1 / unreported
Lamyropsiscynaroides(Lam.) Dittrich / AY826297.1 / AY772336.1 / AY785105.1 / unreported
Mantisalcasalmantica(L.) Briq. & Cavill. / KC969527 / KC969527 / KC969527 / unreported
MyopordonaucheriBoiss. / AY826299.1 / EU409930.1 / N/A / unreported
Myopordonhyrcanum(Bornm.) Wagenitz / AY826300.1 / EU409928.1 / N/A / unreported
MyopordonpersicumBoiss. / AY826301.1 / DQ310898.1 / N/A / unreported
Notobasissyriaca(L.) Cass. / AY826302.1 / AY772340.1 / AY013545.1 / unreported
OldenburgiaintermediaBond * / AY826303 / AY772341.1 / AY785106 / unreported
OlgaeabaldschuanicaIljin / AY826304.1 / AY772342.1 / AY785107.1 / unreported
OlgaeapectinataIljin / AY826305.1 / AY772343.1 / AY785108.1 / unreported
Oligochaetadivaricata(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) K.Koch / AY826306.1 / AY772344.1 / N/A / unreported
OnopordumacanthiumL. / AY914827.1 / AY772347.1 / KC969528 / invasive
OnopordumillyricumL. / FJ007887.1 / KC969529 / KC969529 / invasive
OnopordumnervosumBoiss. / AY826308.1 / AY772346.1 / AY785109.1 / unreported
OnopordumtauricumWilld. / AY826309.1 / KC969530 / KC969530 / exotic
Picnomonacarna(L.) Cass. / AY826311.1 / AY772349.1 / AY013549.1 / unreported
Plectocephalusamericanus(Nutt.) D.Don / JF754817.1 / JF754769.1 / N/A / unreported
PlectocephaluschilensisG.Don ex Loudon / JF775394 / JF775386.1 / N/A / unreported
Plectocephalusrothrockii(Greenm.) D.J.N.Hind / JF754818.1 / JF754770.1 / N/A / unreported
Plectocephalusvarians(A.Rich.) / JF775395.1 / JF775387.1 / N/A / unreported
Psephellusgilanicus(Bornm.) Wagenitz / AY826315.1 / AY772351.1 / N/A / unreported
Psephelluspersicus(DC.) Wagenitz / AY826316.1 / AY772352.1 / N/A / unreported
Psephelluspulcherrimus(Willd.) Wagenitz / AY826317.1 / AY772353.1 / N/A / unreported
Ptilostemonafer(Jacq.) Greuter / AY826318.1 / AF129835.1 / AY013550.1 / unreported
Ptilostemondiacantha(Labill.) Greuter / AY826319.1 / AY772355.1 / AY785112.1 / unreported
PtilostemongnaphaloidesSoják / KC969531 / KC969531 / KC969531 / unreported
Rhaponticoideshajastana(Tzvelev) M.V.Agab. & Greuter / AY826235.1 / DQ310888.1 / AY013502.1 / unreported
Rhaponticoidesiconiensis(Hub.-Mor.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter / DQ310923.1 / DQ310889.1 / N/A / unreported
Rhaponticumacaule(L.) DC. / AY826334.1 / AY772369.1 / N/A / unreported
Rhaponticumaustrale(Gaudich.) Soják / AY826335.1 / AY772370.1 / N/A / unreported
Russowiasogdiana(Bunge) B.Fedtsch. / AY826320.1 / JF754775.1 / N/A / unreported
Saussureaalpina(L.) DC. / AY914829.1 / AY914867.1 / N/A / unreported
SaussureaamericanaD.C.Eaton / HM921418.1 / KC969532 / KC969532 / NATIVE
Saussureadiscolor(Willd.) DC. / AF319092.1 / AJ606167.1 / N/A / unreported
SaussureaelegansLedeb. / AY826323.1 / AY772358.1 / AY373683.1 / unreported
SaussureamanshuricaKom. / KC969533 / KC969533 / KC969533 / unreported
SaussureamaximowicziiHerder / AY826324.1 / AY772359.1 / AY373682.1 / unreported
Schischkiniaalbispina(Bunge) Iljin / AY826325.1 / AY772360.1 / AY785113.1 / unreported
Schmalhausenianidulans(Regel) Petr. / AY826326.1 / AY772361.1 / AY373681.1 / unreported
SerratulacoronataL. / AY826327.1 / AY772362.1 / AY013513.1 / unreported
SerratulastrangulataIljin / AY914830.1 / AY914868.1 / N/A / unreported
Sieberapungens(Lam.) DC. / AY826328.1 / AY772363.1 / AY785115.1 / unreported
Silybummarianum(L.) Gaertn. / AJ831537.1 / AY772364.1 / AY013551.1 / invasive
StaehelinadubiaL. / AY826330.1 / AY772365.1 / AY785116.1 / unreported
Staehelinafruticosa(L.) L. / AY826331.1 / AY772366.1 / AY785117.1 / unreported
StaehelinalobeliiDC. / AY826332.1 / AY772367.1 / AY785118.1 / unreported
StaehelinauniflosculosaSibth. & Sm. / AY826333.1 / AY772368.1 / AY785119.1 / unreported
Stizolophusbalsamita(Lam.) K.Koch / AY826336.1 / AY772371.1 / AY785121.1 / unreported
Stizolophuscoronopifolius(Lam.) Cass. / AY826337.1 / AY772372.1 / AY013516.1 / unreported
Synuruspalmatopinnatifidus(Makino) Kitam. / AY826338.1 / AY772373.1 / AY013552.1 / unreported
Syreitschikoviaspinulosa(Franch.) Pavlov / AY826339.1 / AY772374.1 / AY785122.1 / unreported
Syreitschikoviatenuifolia(Bong.) Pavlov / FJ007891.1 / FJ007871.1 / N/A / unreported
TarchonanthuscamphoratusL. * / AY826340 / AY772375.1 / AY785123 / unreported
TricholepistibeticaHook.f. & Thomson ex C.B.Clarke / AY826341.1 / JF754780.1 / N/A / unreported
TugarinoviamongolicaIljin / AY826342.1 / EF627049.1 / AY785124.1 / unreported
Tyrimnusleucographus(L.) Cass. / AY826343.1 / AY772378.1 / AY013554.1 / unreported
Volutariacrupinoides(Desf.) Cass. ex Maire / AY826344.1 / AY772379.1 / AY785125.1 / unreported
Volutariamuricata(L.) Maire / KC969534 / KC969534 / KC969534 / exotic
XeranthemumannuumL. / AY826345.1 / AY772380.1 / AY785126.1 / unreported
XeranthemumcylindraceumSm. / AY826346.1 / KC969614 / AY013556.1 / unreported
Xeranthemuminapertum(L.) Mill. / AY826347.1 / AY772381.1 / AY013555.1 / unreported
XeranthemumlongepapposumFisch. & C.A.Mey. / AY826348.1 / AY772382.1 / AY785127.1 / unreported
ZoegealeptaureaL. / AY826349.1 / AY772383.1 / AY013517.1 / unreported
*indicates outgroup taxa.