Table S1. Study Codes and References of the Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect their allometric partition of host plant biomass to shoots and roots? A meta-analysis of studies from 1990 – 2010. Mycorrhiza; Veresoglou*, Menexes and Rillig. * Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.

Table S1. Study codes and references of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

1. Oseni TO, ShongweNS, MasarirambiMT (2010) Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) Inoculation on the Performance of Tomato Nursery Seedlings in Vermiculite. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12: 789-792.

2. Singh S, Pandey A, Kumar B, Palni LMR (2010) Enhancement in growth and quality parameters of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] through inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an acid soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 46: 427-433.

3. Maddad-Hamza A, Beddiar A, Gollotte A, Lemoire MC, Kuszala C, Gianinazzi S (2010) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of olive trees and their resistance to transplantation stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 9: 1159-1167.

4. Arriagada C, Pereira G, Garcia-Romera I, Ocampo JA (2010) Improved zinc tolerance in Eucalyptus globulus inoculated with Glomus deserticola and Trametes versicolor or Coriolopsis rigida. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 118-124.

5. Manoharan PT, Shanmugaiah V, Balasubramanian N, Gomathinayagam S, Sharma MP, Muthuchelian K (2010) Influence of AM fungi on the growth and physiological status of Erythrina variegata Linn. grown under different water stress conditions. European Journal of Soil Biology 46: 151-156.

6. Perez M, Urcelay C (2009) Differential growth response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant density in two wild plants belonging to contrasting functional types. Mycorrhiza 19: 517-523.

7. Arriagada C, Aranda E, Sampedro I, Garcia-Romera I, Ocampo JA (2009) Interactions of Trametes versicolor, Coriolopsis rigida and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus deserticola on the copper tolerance of Eucalyptus globulus. Chemosphere 77: 273-278.

9. Carretero CL, Cantos M, Garcia JL, Azcon R, Troncoso A (2009) Growth responses of micropropagated cassava clones as affected by Glomus intraradicescolonization. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32: 261-273.

10. Liang CC, Li T, Xiao YP, Liu MJ, Zhang HB, Zhao ZW (2009) Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize grown in multi-metal contaminated soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation 11: 692-703

11. Porras-Soriano A, Soriano-Martin ML, Porras-Piedra A, Azcon R (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology 166: 1350-1359.

13. Chandanie WA, Kubota M, Hyakumachi M (2009) Interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and plant growth-promoting fungi and their significance for enhancing plant growth and suppressing damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Applied Soil Ecology 41: 336-341.

14. Eisenhauer N, Konig S, Sabais ACW, Renker C, Buscot F, Scheu S (2009) Impacts of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices) on plant performance are not interrelated. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 561-567.

17. Asghari HR (2008) Vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae improve salinity tolerance in pre-inoculation subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) seedlings. International Journal of Plant Production 2: 243-256.

20. Wang ZH, Zhang JL, Christie P, Li XL (2008) Influence of inoculation with Glomus mosseae or Acaulospora morrowiae on arsenic uptake and translocation by maize. Plant and Soil 311: 235-244.

21. Sheng M, Tang M, Chen H, Yang BW, Zhang FF, Huang YH (2008) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on photosynthesis and water status of maize plants under salt stress. Mycorrhiza 18: 287-296.

22. Dong Y, Zhu YG, Smith FA, Wang YS, Chen BD (2008) Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhanced arsenic resistance of both white clover (Trifolium repens Linn.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants in an arsenic-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution 155: 174-181.

23. Cornejo P, Rubio R, Castillo C, Azcon R, Borie F (2008) Mycorrhizal effectiveness on wheat nutrient acquisition in an acidic soil from southern chile as affected by nitrogen sources. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 1555-1569.

24. Khaosaad T, Krenn L, Medjakovic S, Ranner A, Lossi A, Nell M, Jungbauer A, Vierheilig H (2008) Effect of mycorrhization on the isoflavone content and the phytoestrogen activity of red clover. Journal of Plant Physiology 165: 1161-1167.

25. Gavallazzi JRP, Filho OK, Stuermer SL, Rygiewicz PT, de Mendonca MM (2007) Screening and selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculating micropropagated apple rootstocks in acid soils. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 90: 117-129.

26. Kapoor R, BhatnagarAK (2007) Attenuation of cadmium toxicity in mycorrhizal celery (Apium graveolens L.) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23: 1083-1089.

27. Chen X, Tu C, Burton MG, Watson DM, Burkey KO, Hu SJ (2007) Plant nitrogen acquisition and interactions under elevated carbon dioxide: impact of endophytes and mycorrhizae. Global Change Biology 13: 1238-1249.

29. Bal JF, Lin XG, Yin R, Zhang HY, Wang JH, Chen XM, Luo YM (2008) The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on As and P uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) from As-contaminated soils. Applied Soil Ecology 38: 137-145.

31. Guo T, Zhang JL, Christie P, Li XL (2007) Pungency of spring onion as affected by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulfur supply. Journal of Plant Nutrition 30: 1023-1034.

32. Giri B, Kapoor R, Mukerji KG (2007) Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues. Microbial Ecology 54: 753-760.

33. Wang FY, Lin XG, Yin R (2007) Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora mellea decreases Cu phytoextraction by maize from Cu-contaminated soil. Pedobiologia 51: 99-109.

34. Sharifi M, Ghorbanli M, Ebrahimzadeh H (2007) Improved growth of salinity-stressed soybean after inoculation with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 1144-1151.

35. Aranda E, Sampedro I, Diaz R, Garcia M, Ocaenpo JA, Garcia-Romera I (2007) Xyloglucanases in the interaction between saprobe fungi and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 1019-1027.

37. Ultra VU, Tanaka S, Sakurai K, Iwasaki K (2007) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on arsenic toxicity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and on the transformation of arsenic in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil 290: 29-41.

38. Guo T, Zhang JL, Christie P, Li XL (2006) Influence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on yield and pungency of spring onion. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1767-1778.

39. Pandey R, Singh B, Nair TVR (2006) Effect of arbuscular-mycorrhizal inoculation in low phosphorus soil in relation to P-utilization efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 76: 349-353.

40. Guo T, Zhang JL, Christie P, Li XL (2006) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ammonium: Nitrate ratios on growth and pungency of onion seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1047-1059.

43. Cavalho LM, Cacador I, Martins-Loucao MA (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance root cadmium and copper accumulation in the roots of the salt marsh plant Aster tripolium L.. Plant and Soil 285: 161-169.

44. Raiesi F, Ghollarata M (2006) Interactions between phosphorus availability and an AM fungus (Glomus intraradices) and their effects on soil microbial respiration, biomass and enzyme activities in a calcareous soil. Pedobiologia 50: 413-425.

46. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Santoso E, Osaki M, Tawaraya K (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased early growth of two nontimber forest product species Dyera polyphylla and Aquilaria filaria under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza 16: 459-464.

49. Marschner P, Timononen S (2005) Interactions between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization on the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology 28: 23-36.

51. Zangaro W, Nishidate FR, Camargo FRS, Romagnoli GG, Vandressen J (2005) Relationships among arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology and seedling growth of tropical native woody species in southern Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21: 529-540.

53. Rabie GH (2005) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and kinetin on the response of mungbean plants to irrigation with seawater. Mycorrhiza 15: 225-230.

55. Davies FT, Calderon CM, Huaman Z (2005) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae indigenous to Peru and a flavonoid on growth, yield, and leaf elemental concentration of 'Yungay' potatoes. Hortscience 40: 381-385.

56. Ilbas AI, Sahin S (2005) Glomus fasciculatum inoculation improves soybean production. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science 55: 287-292.

58. Zhang XH, Zhu YG, Chen BD, Lin AJ, Smith SE, Smith FA (2005) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to resistance of upland rice to combined metal contamination of soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 28: 2065-2077.

60. Liu Y, Zhu YG, Chen BD, Christie P, Li XL (2005) Yield and arsenate uptake of arbuscular mycorrhizal tomato colonized by Glomus mosseae BEG167 in As spiked soil under glasshouse conditions. Environment International 31: 867-873.

62. Janouskova M, Pavlikova D, Macek T, Vosatka M (2005) Arbuscular mycorrhiza decreases cadmium phytoextraction by transgenic tobacco with inserted metallothionein. Plant and Soil 272: 29-40.

63. Citterio S, Prato N, Fumagalli P, Aina R, Massa N, Santagostino A, Sgorbati S, Berta G (2005) The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induces growth and metal accumulation changes in Cannabis sativa L.. Chemosphere 59: 21-29.

64. Giri B, Kapoor R, Mukerji KG (2005) Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizae Glomus fasciculatum and G-macrocarpum on the growth and nutrient content of Cassia siamea in a semi-arid Indian wasteland soil. New Forests 29: 63-73.

65. Nuortila C, Kytoviita MM, Tuomi J (2004) Mycorrhizal symbiosis has contrasting effects on fitness components in Campanula rotundifolia. New Phytologist 164: 543-553.

66. McHugh JM, Dighton J (2004) Influence of mycorrhizal, inoculation, inundation period, salinity, and phosphorus availability on the growth of two salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora Lois. and Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth., in nursery systems. Restoration Ecology 12: 533-545.

67. Zandavalli RB, Dillenburg LR, de Souza PVD (2004) Growth responses of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) to inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum. Applied Soil Ecology 25: 245-255.

68. Chen BD, Liu Y, Shen H, Li XL, Christie P (2004) Uptake of cadmium from an experimentally contaminated calcareous soil by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.). Mycorrhiza 14: 347-354.

69. Rufyikiri G, Huysmans L, Wannijn J, Van Hees M, Leyval C, Jakobsen I (2004) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the uptake of uranium by subterranean clover grown at high levels of uranium in soil. Environmental Pollution 130: 427-436.

70. Porcel R, Ruiz-Lozano JM (2004) Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 1743-1750.

71. Martin CA, Stutz JC (2004) Interactive effects of temperature and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, P uptake and root respiration of Capsicum annuum L.. Mycorrhiza 14: 241-244.

72. Wurst S, Dugassa-Gobena D, Langel R, Bonkowski M, Scheu S (2004) Combined effects of earthworms and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant and aphid performance. New Phytologist 163: 169-176.

73. Neumann E, George E (2004) Colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) enhanced phosphorus uptake from dry soil in Sorghum bicolor (L.). Plant and Soil 261: 245-255.

75. Giri B, Kapoor R, Agarwal L, Mukerji KG (2004) Preinoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae helps Acacia auriculiformis grow in degraded Indian wasteland soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 193-204.

80. Caravaca F, Alguacil MD, Diaz G, Roldan A (2003) Use of nitrate reductase activity for assessing effectiveness of mycorrhizal symbiosis in Dorycnium pentaphyllum under induced water deficit.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34: 15-16.

81. Ortas I (2003) Effect of selected mycorrhizal inoculation on phosphorus sustainability in sterile and non-sterile soils in the Harran Plain in South Anatolia. Journal of Plant Nutrition 26: 1-17.

82. Kaya C, Higgs D, Kirnak H, Tas I (2003) Mycorrhizal colonisation improves fruit yield and water use efficiency in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) grown under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plant and Soil 253: 287-292.

83. Malcova R, Vosatka M, Gryndler M (2003) Effects of inoculation with Glomus intraradices on lead uptake by Zea mays L. and Agrostis capillaris L. Applied Soil Ecology 23: 55-67.

84. Zhu YG, Smith FA, Smith SE (2003) Phosphorus efficiencies and responses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi grown in highly calcareous soil. Mycorrhiza 13: 93-100.

85. Bi YL, Li XL, Christie P (2003) Influence of early stages of arbuscular mycorrhiza on uptake of zinc and phosphorus by red clover from a low-phosphorus soil amended with zinc and phosphorus. Chemosphere 50: 831-837.

86. Hartwig UA, Wittmann P, Raun RB, Hartwig-Raz B, Jansa J, Mozafar A, Luscher A, Leuchtmann A, Frossard E, Nosberger J (2002) Arbuscular mycorrhiza infection enhances the growth response of Lolium perenne to elevated atmospheric pCO2. Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 1207-1213.

89. Davies FT, Olalde-Portugal V, Aguilera-Gomez L, Alvarado MJ, Ferrera-Cerrato RC, Boutton TW (2002) Alleviation of drought stress of Chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) with arbuscular mycorrhiza indigenous to Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae 92: 347-359.

90. Benbrahim KF, Ismaili M (2002) Interactions in the symbiosis of Acacia saligna with Glomus mosseae and Rhizobium in a fumigated and unfumigated soil. Arid Land Research and Management 16: 365-376.

93. Valdenegro M, Barea JM, Azcon R (2001) Influence of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium meliloti strains and PGPR inoculation on the growth of Medicago arborea used as model legume for re-vegetation and biological reactivation in a semi-arid mediterranean area. Plant Growth Regulation 34: 233-240.

95. Al-Karaki GN, Hammad R (2001) Mycorrhizal influence on fruit yield and mineral content of tomato grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24: 1311-1323.

97. Eason WR, Webb KJ, Michaelson-Yeates TPT, AbbertonMT, Griffith GW, Culshaw CM, Hooker JE, Dhanoa MS (2001) Effect of genotype of Trifolium repens on mycorrhizal symbiosis with Glomus mosseae. Journal of Agriculture Science 137: 27-36.

101. Liu A, Hamel C, HamiltonRI, Smith DL (2000) Mycorrhizae formation and nutrient uptake of new corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with extreme canopy and leaf architecture as influenced by soil N and P levels. Plant and Soil 221: 157-166.

102. Torelli A, Trotta A, Acerbi L, Arcidiacono G, Berta G, Branca C (2000) IAA and ZR content in leek (Allium porrum L.), as influenced by P nutrition and arbuscular mycorrhizae, in relation to plant development. Plant and Soil 226: 29-35.

104. Rufyikiri G, Declerck S, Dufey JE, Delvaux B (2000) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might alleviate aluminium toxicity in banana plants. New Phytologist 148: 343-352.

105. Clark RB, Zeto SK, Zobel RW (1999) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolate effectiveness on growth and root colonization of Panicum virgatum in acidic soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31: 1757-1763.

106. Borie F, Rubio R (1999) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and liming on growth and mineral acquisition of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive barley cultivars. 22: 121-137.

107. Godeas A, Fracchia S, Mujica MT, Ocampo JA (1999) Influence of soil impoverishment on the interaction between Glomus mosseae and saprobe fungi. Mycorrhiza 9: 185-189.

110. Facelli E, Facelli JM, Smith SE, Mclaughlin MJ (1999) Interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, intraspecific competition and resource availability on Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt. Barker. New Phytolosist 141: 535-547.

111. Azcon R, Tobar RM (1998) Activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in shoot and root of mycorrhizal Allium cepa - Effect of drought stress. Plant Science 133: 1-8.

112. Solaiman MZ, Hirata H (1997) Responses of directly seeded wetland rice to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20: 1479-1487.

114. Guo Y, George E, Marschner H (1996) Contribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to the uptake of cadmium and nickel in bean and maize plants. Plant and Soil 184: 195-205.

117. Larsen J, Jakobsen I (1996) Effects of a mycophagous Collembola on the symbioses between Trifolium subterraneum and three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 133: 295-302.

119. AboulNasr A (1996) Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans. Mycorrhiza 6: 61-64.

120. Andrade G, Azcon R, Bethlenfalvay GJ (1995) A rhizobacterium modifies plant and soil responses to the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Applied Soil Ecology 2: 195-202.

121. Omar SA (1995) Growth effects of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus constrictum on maize plants in pot trials. Folia Microbiologiga 40: 503-507.

124. Tarafdar JC, Marschner H (1995) Dual inoculation with Aspergillus fumigatus and Glomus mosseae enhances biomass production and nutrient uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) supplied with organic phosphorus as Na-Phytate. Plant and Soil 173: 97-102.

127. Ahiabor BD, Hirata H (1994) Characteristic responses of 3 tropical legumes to the inoculation of 2 species of VAM fungi in andosol soils with different fertilities. Mycorrhiza 5: 63-70.

128. Medeiros CAB, Clark RB, Ellis JR (1994) Growth and nutrient uptake of soeghum cultivated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal isolates at varying pH. Mycorrhiza 4: 185-191.

130. Brejda JJ, Yocom DH, Moser LE, Waller SS (1993) Dependence of 3 Nebraska sandhills warm-season grasses on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Journal of Range Management 46: 14-20.

131. McArthur DAJ, Knowles NR (1993) Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the response of potato to phosphorus deficiency. Plant Physiology 101: 147-160.

132. Kothari SK, Marschner H, Romheld V (1991) Contribution of the VA mycorrhizal hyphae in acquisition of phosphorus and zinc by maize grown in a calcareous soil. Plant and Soil 131: 177-185.

133. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Sitepu IR, Santoso E, Osaki M, Tawaraya K (2008) Improvement of early growth of two tropical peat-swamp forest tree species Ploiarium alternifolium and Calophyllum hosei by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under greenhouse conditions. New Forests 36: 1-12.

134. Vivas A, Barea JM, Azcon R (2005) Interactive effect of Brevibacillus brevis and Glomus mosseae, both isolated from Cd contaminated soil, on plant growth, physiological mycorrhizal fungal characteristics and soil enzymatic activities in Cd polluted soil. Environmental Pollution 134: 257-266.

135. Duponnois R, Colombet A, Hien V, Thioulouse J (2005) The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and rock phosphate amendment influence plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of Acacia holosericea. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1460-1468.

136. Sohn BK, Kim KY, Chung SJ, Kim WS, Park SM, Kang JG, Rim YS, Cho JS, Kim TH, Lee JH (2003) Effect of the different timing of AMF inoculation on plant growth and flower quality of chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae 98: 173-183.

140. Vasatka M, Dodd JC (1998) The role of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the growth of Calamagrostis villosa and Deschampsia flexuosa, in experiments with simulated acid rain. Plant and Soil 200: 251-263.