Table S1 Sample Size (N) and Dimension Ranges of D, H and Total Tree Biomass (Dry Weight)

Appendix

Table S1 Sample size (N) and dimension ranges of D, H and total tree biomass (dry weight) for sample trees harvested to determine allometric equations.

Tree species and functional groups / N / Diameter at breast height (D, cm) / Total height (H, m) / Total tree biomass (kg)
Minimum / Maximum / Minimum / Maximum / Minimum / Maximum
Evergreen conifer
Pinus massoniana / 10 / 5.9 / 52.0 / 8.5 / 20.5 / 9.45 / 1676.18
Deciduous broadleaved
Alniphyllum fortunei / 10 / 3.8 / 39.5 / 6.4 / 21.5 / 2.53 / 804.83
Choerospondias axillaris / 10 / 3.3 / 24.5 / 5.6 / 15.9 / 3.00 / 301.84
Liquidambar formosana / 10 / 6.9 / 47.2 / 8.0 / 30.2 / 21.59 / 1828.59
Evergreen broadleaved
Cyclobalanopsis glauca / 10 / 6.2 / 50.9 / 10.7 / 22.8 / 16.14 / 2757.25
Litsea rotundifolia / 10 / 2.6 / 45.5 / 3.5 / 21.5 / 3.18 / 1784.52
Schima superba / 10 / 3.0 / 33.8 / 6.0 / 18.5 / 3.29 / 716.79

Table S2 Regression coefficients with standard errors (in parentheses) and fit statistics for additive allometric equations [ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1ln(D)+ βi2ln(H)] relating biomass component i (Wi, kg) to diameter at breast height (D, cm) and height (H, m) for the seven tree species, using seemingly unrelated regression. Ws, Wb, Wl, Wr, Wa and Wt represent stem, branch, leave, root, aboveground, and total tree biomass, respectively.βi0 andβi1 are the fitted parameters with standard error in parenthesis for component i; RMSE (kg)is root mean square error; R2 is the coefficient of determination

Tree species / Component / βi0 / p value / βi1 / p value / βi2 / p value / R2 / n / RMSE
Coniferous evergreen
Pinus massoniana / Stem / -2.541(0.293) / 0.0001 / 2.073(0.056) / <0.0001 / 0.376(0.145) / 0.035 / 0.991 / 10 / 0.161
Branch / -4.980(1.423) / 0.010 / 2.394(0.288) / <0.0001 / 0.183(0.724) / 0.807 / 0.941 / 10 / 0.483
Leaf / -3.543(2.352) / 0.176 / 2.548(0.465) / 0.0009 / -0.941(1.182) / 0.452 / 0.842 / 10 / 0.771
Root / -4.391(1.746) / 0.039 / 2.843(0.343) / 0.0001 / -0.375(0.874) / 0.681 / 0.960 / 10 / 0.422
Aboveground / 0.988 / 10 / 0.484
Total / -2.116(0.625) / 0.012 / 2.238(0.124) / <0.0001 / 0.173(0.315) / 0.599 / 0.992 / 10 / 0.152
Deciduous broadleaved / Stem / -4.520(0.353) / <0.0001 / 1.759(0.151) / <0.0001 / 1.287(0.261) / <0.0001 / 0.978 / 30 / 0.281
Branch / -3.427(0.761) / 0.0001 / 3.343(0.303) / <0.0001 / -1.164(0.529) / 0.037 / 0.924 / 30 / 0.589
Leaf / -4.325(1.458) / 0.006 / 3.333(0.580) / <0.0001 / 1.192(1.021) / 0.253 / 0.792 / 30 / 1.032
Root / -3.948(0.566) / <0.0001 / 2.389(0.240) / <0.0001 / 0.128(0.409) / 0.756 / 0.874 / 30 / 0.677
Aboveground / 0.974 / 30 / 0.352
Total / 0.958 / 30 / 0.474
Alniphyllum fortunei / Stem / -3.761(0.418) / <0.0001 / 2.110(0.197) / <0.0001 / 0.686(0.353) / 0.093 / 0.995 / 10 / 0.146
Branch / -7.294(1.023) / 0.0002 / 1.411(0.470) / 0.020 / 2.245(0.864) / 0.036 / 0.968 / 10 / 0.423
Leaf / -11.156(1.512) / 0.0002 / -0.147(0.699) / 0.839 / 5.011(1.277) / 0.006 / 0.953 / 10 / 0.511
Root / -3.709(1.567) / 0.050 / 3.417(0.727) / 0.002 / -1.185(1.323) / 0.400 / 0.975 / 10 / 0.392
Aboveground / 0.994 / 10 / 0.448
Total / -3.353(0.638) / 0.001 / 2.257(0.296) / 0.0001 / -0.575(0.539) / 0.321 / 0.995 / 10 / 0.160
Choerospondias axillaris / Stem / -2.224(0.602) / 0.008 / 2.375(0.165) / <0.0001 / -0.133(0.362) / 0.725 / 0.990 / 10 / 0.169
Branch / -0.581(1.558) / 0.720 / 4.279(0.425) / <0.0001 / -3.053(0.913) / 0.012 / 0.952 / 10 / 0.516
Leaf / -1.210(1.597) / 0.473 / 4.248(0.437) / <0.0001 / -3.050(0.924) / 0.014 / 0.952 / 10 / 0.506
Root / -1.261(3.061) / 0.693 / 2.217(0.848) / 0.035 / -0.586(1.842) / 0.760 / 0.736 / 10 / 0.857
Aboveground / 0.991 / 10 / 0.463
Total / -0.440(1.533) / 0.783 / 2.682(0.425) / 0.0004 / -0.794(0.923) / 0.418 / 0.941 / 10 / 0.430
Liquidambar formosana / Stem / -2.271(0.252) / <0.0001 / 1.807(0.076) / <0.0001 / 0.658(0.138) / 0.002 / 0.988 / 10 / 0.83
Branch / -3.812(1.164) / 0.014 / 4.364(0.382) / <0.0001 / -2.077(0.653) / 0.015 / 0.954 / 10 / 0.475
Leaf / -14.723(1.242) / <0.0001 / 1.400(0.612) / 0.056 / 4.075(0.958) / 0.004 / 0.971 / 10 / 0.505
Root / -1.960(0.975) / 0.084 / 3.204(0.465) / 0.0002 / -1.329(0.739) / 0.115 / 0.973 / 10 / 0.298
Aboveground / 0.992 / 10 / 0.409
Total / -1.496(0.392) / 0.007 / 2.518(0.187) / <0.0001 / -0.195(0.297) / 0.533 / 0.996 / 10 / 0.120
Evergreen broadleaved / Stem / -2.700(0.343) / <0.0001 / 2.235(0.162) / <0.0001 / 0.383(0.283) / 0.186 / 0.981 / 10 / 0.276
Branch / 0.162(0.580) / 0.782 / 3.667(0.278) / <0.0001 / -2.694(0.475) / <0.0001 / 0.914 / 10 / 0.556
Leaf / -3.315(0.819) / 0.001 / 3.103(0.337) / <0.0001 / -1.255(0.615) / 0.051 / 0.885 / 10 / 0.676
Root / -2.904(0.569) / <0.0001 / 2.355(0.261) / <0.0001 / -0.163(0.459) / 0.726 / 0.942 / 10 / 0.467
Aboveground / 0.979 / 10 / 0.310
Total / 0.981 / 30 / 0.314
Cyclobalanopsis glauca / Stem / -3.221(1.098) / 0.022 / 2.041(0.253) / 0.0001 / 0.800(0.644) / 0.254 / 0.991 / 10 / 0.152
Branch / -2.979(2.586) / 0.287 / 3.137(0.614) / 0.001 / -1.025(1.537) / 0.526 / 0.965 / 10 / 0.387
Leaf / -4.920(4.310) / 0.291 / 2.900(1.003) / 0.023 / -0.321(2.536) / 0.903 / 0.930 / 10 / 0.574
Root / -6.004(2.171) / 0.028 / 2.556(0.512) / 0.002 / 0.797(1.285) / 0.555 / 0.986 / 10 / 0.263
Aboveground / 0.997 / 10 / 0.271
Total / -2.173(0.882) / 0.043 / 2.425(0.208) / <0.0001 / 0.197(0.522) / 0.718 / 0.997 / 10 / 0.107
Litsea rotundifolia / Stem / -3.117(0.296) / <0.0001 / 1.765(0.223) / 0.0001 / 1.139(0.365) / 0.017 / 0.998 / 10 / 0.126
Branch / -1.048(1.135) / 0.386 / 2.438(0.768) / 0.016 / -0.649(1.274) / 0.626 / 0.938 / 10 / 0.554
Leaf / -3.807(1.244) / 0.018 / 2.203(0.848) / 0.035 / 0.183(1.406) / 0.900 / 0.943 / 10 / 0.600
Root / -2.628(1.084) / 0.046 / 1.733(0.780) / 0.062 / 0.435(1.286) / 0.745 / 0.962 / 10 / 0.412
Aboveground / 0.993 / 10 / 0.532
Total / -1.472(0.495) / 0.021 / 1.818(0.356) / 0.001 / 0.732(0.587) / 0.253 / 0.993 / 10 / 0.188
Schima superba / Stem / -2.557(1.355) / 0.101 / 2.602(0.513) / 0.001 / -0.125(1.038) / 0.907 / 0.952 / 10 / 0.445
Branch / -4.078(1.859) / 0.064 / 1.496(0.700) / 0.070 / 1.205(1.408) / 0.420 / 0.938 / 10 / 0.441
Leaf / -3.265(2.675) / 0.262 / 1.625(1.007) / 0.151 / 0.275(2.039) / 0.896 / 0.847 / 10 / 0.628
Root / -1.635(1.788) / 0.391 / 2.940(0.673) / 0.003 / -1.320(1.352) / 0.361 / 0.954 / 10 / 0.414
Aboveground / 0.970 / 10 / 0.817
Total / -0.816(0.998) / 0.441 / 2.360(0.376) / 0.0004 / -0.309(0.755) / 0.695 / 0.984 / 10 / 0.231
All tree species / Stem / -2.930( 0.313) / <0.0001 / 2.230(0.123) / <0.0001 / 0.393(0.220) / 0.079 / 0.968 / 70 / 0.332
Branch / -1.444(0.568) / 0.013 / 3.479(0.218) / <0.0001 / -2.009(0.384) / <0.0001 / 0.866 / 70 / 0.724
Leaf / -2.850(0.772) / 0.0004 / 3.288(0.308) / <0.0001 / -1.679(0.540) / 0.003 / 0.785 / 70 / 0.959
Root / -3.114(0.450) / <0.0001 / 2.637(0.174) / <0.0001 / -0.441(0.312) / 0.162 / 0.902 / 70 / 0.583
Aboveground / 0.957 / 70 / 0.400
Total / 0.954 / 70 / 0.415

Table S3 Stem wood density (mean with standard error in parentheses) and moisture content (on weight basis) (mean with standard error in parentheses) of different organs for seven subtropical tree species. Woody density was measured using the method as Basuki et al. (2009).

Tree species / Stem wood density (g.cm-3) / Moisture content (%)
Stem / Branch / Leaf / Root
Pinus massoniana / 0.50(0.02) / 56.25(0.68) / 58.86(1.02) / 59.07(2.28) / 57.40(1.81))
Alniphyllum fortunei / 0.46(0.02) / 57.27(0.33) / 60.94(1.05) / 69.10(1.00) / 57.24(1.66)
Choerospondias axillaris / 0.40(0.02) / 46.68(0.97) / 49.39(1.49) / 65.20(0.62) / 53.46(1.70)
Liquidambar formosana / 0.61(0.04) / 54.31(1.47) / 54.24(0.82) / 66.60(1.30) / 58.01(1.26)
Cyclobalanopsis glauca / 0.66(0.04) / 41.15(1.03) / 50.18(0.54) / 60.67(1.01) / 36.02(4.44)
Litsea rotundifolia / 0.48(0.01) / 49.53(0.47) / 56.41(0.49) / 63.82(0.84) / 58.72(2.13)
Schima superba / 0.59(0.02) / 40.15(0.82) / 51.61(0.42) / 55.91(0.75) / 55.16(1.30)

Fig S1. Plot of residuals against fitted values of additive allometric equations [ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D) (blue dots) and [ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D2H) (red dots)] for stem, branch, leaf, root, aboveground and total biomass of Pinus massoniana, deciduous species, Alniphyllum fortunei, Choerospondias axillaris and Liquidambar formosana.

Fig S2. Plot of residuals against fitted values of additive allometric equations [ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D) (blue dots) and ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D2H) (red dots)] for stem, branch, leaf, root, aboveground and total biomass of evergreen species, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Litsea rotundifolia, Schima superba and all tree species.

Figure S3

Fig S3. Comparison of aboveground biomass estimated by general allometric equations [ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D) (left panel) and ln(Wi)=βi0+βi1×ln(D2H) (right panel)] ignoring tree species and pantropical equations in Chave et al. (2014).