Table S1. Genetic variants to differentiate the three East Asian ethnic groups based on the final multinomial LASSO model (sub-model for the Korean study population)
dbSNPRS ID / Associated Gene / Alternate Name / Minor Allele Frequency (%) / Coefficient
Korean
(n=448) / Japanese
(n=208) / Chinese
(n=130)
rs4148950 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*3477G>A / 11.38 / 19.35 / 14.23 / -0.0521
rs1871450 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*3785G>A / 11.38 / 19.35 / 14.23 / 0.0001
rs731027 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*4107TC / 12.61 / 22.83 / 15.00 / -0.1491
rs730720 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*4533C>T / 12.61 / 22.83 / 15.00 / 0.0001
rs17216156 / ABCC2 / ABCC2 c.-23G>A / 1.00 / 0.43 / 0.38 / 0.6475
rs17222589 / ABCC2 / ABCC2 c.1457C>T(T486I) / 1.34 / 1.30 / 0.38 / 0.0550
rs56220353 / ABCC2 / ABCC2 c.2366C>T, C>G (S789F) / 1.45 / 0.87 / 0.38 / 0.0453
rs3740066 / ABCC2 / ABCC2 c.3972C>T(I1324I) / 24.78 / 21.30 / 19.23 / 0.0656
rs2070672 / CYP2E1 / CYP2E1 c.-352A>G / 18.23 / 23.26 / 22.09 / -0.0537
rs2515641 / CYP2E1 / CYP2E1 c.1263C>T(F421F) / 14.29 / 17.39 / 19.62 / -0.0708
rs11568482 / SLC22A8 / SLC22A8 c.913A>T(I305F) / 4.24 / 3.04 / 3.08 / 0.0546
rs2078267 / SLC22A11 / SLC22A11 c.1059-957C>T / 1.79 / 5.87 / 1.15 / 0.3257
rs1695 / GSTP1 / GSTP1 c.313A>G(I105V) / 18.75 / 14.78 / 16.92 / 0.0433
rs4149057 / SLCO1B1 / SLCO1B1 c.571T>C(L191L) / 25.45 / 31.74 / 30.38 / -0.0971
rs7334118 / ATP7B / ATP7B c.2999A>G(H1000R) / 0.33 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.4577
rs2268877 / SLC7A8 / SLC7A8 c.152-1008T>C / 41.07 / 40.00 / 50.77 / -0.0613
rs8013529 / SLC7A8 / SLC7A8 c.151+2181T>C / 1.67 / 2.83 / 0.77 / 0.2443
rs1046428 / GSTZ1 / GSTZ1 c.245T>C(M82T) / 1.79 / 3.04 / 3.85 / -0.2114
rs4646 / CYP19A1 / CYP19A1 c.*161T>G / 32.59 / 23.70 / 30.38 / 0.0445
rs1048943 / CYP1A1 / CYP1A1 c.1384A>C(I462V) / 21.54 / 23.26 / 23.85 / -0.0859
rs4646422 / CYP1A1 / CYP1A1 c.134G>A(G45D) / 18.30 / 13.91 / 16.15 / 0.0230
rs17215934 / SLC28A1 / SLC28A1 c.689C>T(A230V) / 0.33 / 0.87 / 2.31 / -0.6731
rs4148356 / ABCC1 / ABCC1 c.2168G>A (R723Q) / 7.96 / 3.49 / 3.94 / 0.4229
rs9934438 / VKORC1 / VKORC1 c.174-136C>T / 5.94 / 13.70 / 9.69 / -0.1381
rs4783745 / CES2 / CES2 c.269-965A>G / 27.57 / 26.96 / 29.23 / -0.0104
rs2641806 / CHST5 / CHST5 c.-1138T>C / 3.91 / 7.17 / 2.69 / 0.1738
rs60488729 / SPG7 / SPG7 c.1770C>T(A590A) / 0.11 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.5331
rs1051640 / ABCC3 / ABCC3 c.4509A>G(E1503E) / 3.01 / 5.87 / 5.38 / -0.0810
rs3786362 / TYMS / TYMS c.381A>G(E127E) / 16.85 / 11.74 / 15.38 / 0.0902
rs10898 / RALBP1 / RALBP1 c.*314C>T / 40.07 / 43.91 / 45.77 / -0.1024
rs4646523 / CYP4F8 / CYP4F8 c.60G>T(L20L) / 46.86 / 39.35 / 40.00 / 0.0602
rs4239614 / CYP4F8 / CYP4F8 c.*52C>T / 25.06 / 28.26 / 30.00 / -0.0358
rs688755 / CYP4F12 / CYP4F12 c.1380T>C(P460P) / 0.78 / 3.48 / 2.69 / -0.9112
rs593421 / CYP4F12 / CYP4F12 c.1510T>C(L504L) / 0.78 / 3.48 / 2.69 / -0.0006
rs3093106 / CYP4F2 / CYP4F2 c.165A>G(P55P) / 15.66 / 12.61 / 8.85 / 0.1879
rs1137115 / CYP2A6 / CYP2A6 c.51A>G(V17V) / 18.68 / 23.62 / 19.38 / -0.0189
rs34223104 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.-82T>C / 0.34 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.2301
rs2279343 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.785A>G(K262R) / 21.03 / 22.83 / 24.62 / -0.0059
rs3211371 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.1459C>T(R487C) / 0.11 / 1.52 / 0.39 / -0.4601
rs1709082 / CYP2A13 / CYP2A13 c.1304-56T>G / 10.60 / 8.04 / 7.31 / 0.1661
rs305968 / CYP2F1 / CYP2F1 c.96G>A(P32P) / 31.81 / 27.39 / 28.08 / 0.0602
rs58285195 / CYP2F1 / CYP2F1 c.112T>C (S38P) / 6.55 / 3.28 / 3.08 / 0.3849
rs338599 / CYP2S1 / CYP2S1 c.222G>C(P74P) / 20.02 / 22.83 / 21.54 / -0.0094
rs2302947 / SULT2B1 / SULT2B1 c.718G>A(V240I) / 0.56 / 0.87 / 2.31 / -0.7838
rs3215983 / CYP4B1 / CYP4B1 881_882delAT(D294Gfs) / 26.79 / 29.35 / 28.85 / -0.0648
rs4646491 / CYP4B1 / CYP4B1 c.1018C>T(R340C) / 26.79 / 29.35 / 28.85 / <0.0001
rs7512729 / CYP4Z1 / CYP4Z1 c.1202-2730A>C / 0.56 / 5.22 / 2.33 / -0.3686
rs2228099 / ARNT / ARNT c.567G>C(V174V) / 33.63 / 39.57 / 36.54 / -0.1726
rs2234700 / EPHX1 / EPHX1 c.1216T>C(L406L) / 0.00 / 0.87 / 0.38 / -1.2192
rs5629 / PTGIS / PTGIS c.1117C>A(R373R) / 20.90 / 24.35 / 24.62 / -0.0723
rs2762934 / CYP24A1 / CYP24A1 c.*50C>T / 11.61 / 11.09 / 8.46 / 0.0742
rs3787537 / SLCO4A1 / SLCO4A1 c.*497T>C / 40.27 / 35.43 / 40.00 / 0.0788
rs2835265 / CBR1 / CBR1 c.398-48C>T / 20.42 / 28.91 / 25.00 / -0.2013
rs3788010 / ABCG1 / ABCG1 c.1809-252G>A / 36.16 / 38.48 / 40.38 / -0.0852
rs16947 / CYP2D6 / CYP2D6 c.886C>T(C296R) / 13.50 / 15.22 / 23.46 / -0.1211
rs1065852 / CYP2D6 / CYP2D6 c.100C>T(P34S) / 54.25 / 38.91 / 47.69 / 0.1316
rs1080985 / CYP2D6 / CYP2D6 c.-1589G>C / 12.05 / 13.91 / 16.92 / -0.0230
rs1530030 / CHST10 / CHST10 c.*107C>T / 28.57 / 36.09 / 33.85 / -0.0762
rs4149521 / CHST10 / CHST10 c.*39T>C / 8.48 / 6.96 / 3.85 / 0.0474
rs3748933 / CHST10 / CHST10 c.795G>A(T265T) / 0.78 / 1.09 / 3.08 / -0.0577
rs17036104 / SULT1C1 / SULT1C1 c.796T>G(S266A) / 8.39 / 7.42 / 6.54 / 0.0216
rs3754926 / SULT1C2 / SULT1C2 c.-1075G>A / 3.68 / 1.96 / 1.92 / 0.2913
rs4149430 / SULT1C2 / SULT1C2 c.-483C>T / 2.70 / 0.44 / 1.16 / 0.1632
rs497692 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.3084A>G(A1028A) / 37.14 / 44.35 / 43.08 / -0.0812
rs7602171 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.-27-5516T>C / 24.33 / 17.47 / 21.92 / 0.0196
rs16834027 / AOX1 / AOX1 g.201541827G>A / 0.45 / 1.09 / 0.00 / 0.4232
rs16834034 / AOX1 / AOX1 g.201542014T>G / 0.45 / 1.09 / 0.00 / <0.0001
rs6729738 / AOX1 / AOX1 g.201543496C>T / 17.86 / 25.00 / 21.92 / -0.0929
rs66915469 / UGT1A9 / UGT1A9 c.726T>G(Y242-) / 0.33 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.5295
rs2070959 / UGT1A6 / UGT1A6 c.541A>G / 21.38 / 25.33 / 26.54 / -0.0421
rs9036 / SLC6A6 / SLC6A6 c.*4206A>G / 5.92 / 10.43 / 6.92 / -0.0412
rs3749442 / ABCC5 / ABCC5 c.3624C>T(L1208L) / 35.16 / 35.87 / 48.46 / -0.1420
rs939336 / ABCC5 / ABCC5 c.1782T>C(C594C) / 16.93 / 13.91 / 16.54 / 0.0320
rs7438284 / UGT2B7 / UGT2B7 c.801A>T(P267P) / 34.68 / 29.42 / 31.01 / 0.0667
rs7697037 / UGT2B11 / UGT2B11 c.466T>C(C156R) / 5.75 / 10.18 / 7.87 / -0.0799
rs3775770 / SULT1E1 / SULT1E1 c.-9-899G>A / 20.42 / 22.83 / 31.15 / -0.0023
rs3756067 / ALB / ALB c.-400G>A / 35.12 / 42.83 / 43.85 / -0.2251
rs2231142 / ABCG2 / ABCG2 c.421C>A (Q141K) / 24.89 / 26.09 / 31.15 / -0.1616
rs2602836 / ADH5 / ADH5 g.100014805A>G / 20.42 / 15.65 / 13.46 / 0.3145
rs971074 / ADH7 / ADH7 c.690G>A(R230R) / 12.86 / 17.61 / 14.62 / -0.0507
rs2267664 / PPARD / PPARD c.-186+1796G>A / 30.54 / 30.04 / 27.69 / -0.0218
rs7744392 / PPARD / PPARD c.-102+7836A>G / 0.00 / 0.22 / 0.38 / -0.1562
rs7746988 / PPARD / PPARD c.-102+9814T>C / 2.79 / 1.30 / 1.92 / 0.0406
rs6457815 / PPARD / PPARD c.-102+15971T>C / 0.00 / 0.22 / 0.38 / -0.0001
rs7770619 / PPARD / PPARD c.-101-28722C>T / 0.00 / 0.22 / 0.38 / <0.0001
rs2267669 / PPARD / PPARD c.-101-640G>A / 17.56 / 20.43 / 27.69 / -0.0718
rs2270860 / SLC22A7 / SLC22A7 g.43210151C>T(S425S) / 25.06 / 33.04 / 32.56 / -0.1528
rs2242416 / SLC22A7 / SLC22A7 c.563T>C / 27.07 / 34.35 / 34.23 / -0.0190
rs9369629 / CYP39A1 / CYP39A1 c.298+766G>C / 5.58 / 8.48 / 6.15 / -0.1215
rs13197674 / GSTA4 / GSTA4 c.-379A>G / 12.08 / 16.09 / 17.69 / -0.0708
rs316003 / SLC22A2 / SLC22A2 c.1506G>A(V502V) / 18.30 / 18.04 / 12.31 / 0.1680
rs624249 / SLC22A2 / SLC22A2 c.390G>T(T130T) / 21.86 / 20.43 / 16.15 / 0.2179
rs668871 / SLC22A3 / SLC22A3 c.360C>T(R120R) / 34.68 / 29.13 / 34.23 / 0.0183
rs17685 / POR / POR c.*306G>A / 39.29 / 30.87 / 35.00 / 0.0778
rs2242480 / CYP3A4 / CYP3A4 c.1026+12G>A / 19.08 / 25.00 / 22.31 / -0.0433
rs55901263 / CYP3A4 / CYP3A4 c.653C>G(P218R) / 0.00 / 0.43 / 0.77 / -1.0389
rs2140516 / SLC13A1 / SLC13A1 c.521A>G(N174S) / 33.26 / 44.78 / 33.08 / -0.0419
rs57699806 / EPHX2 / EPHX2 c.461G>A(C154Y) / 0.89 / 1.30 / 2.69 / -0.2272
rs1138541 / SLCO5A1 / SLCO5A1 c.*476A>G / 29.13 / 25.43 / 25.38 / 0.1761
rs5281 / CYP11B2 / CYP11B2 c.111G>C(P37P) / 2.12 / 4.78 / 2.31 / -0.1555
rs13959 / ALDH1A1 / ALDH1A1 c.225C>T(S75S) / 36.94 / 43.70 / 38.85 / -0.0687
CNV of UGT2B17 / UGT2B17 / - / 32.81 a / 23.85 a / 26.52 a / 0.2039
CNV, copy number variation
a The frequency (%) means the proportion of subjects with ³1 copy number.
Table S2. Genetic variants to differentiate the three East Asian ethnic groups based on the final multinomial LASSO model (sub-model for the Japanese study population)
RS ID / Associated Gene / Alternate Name / Minor Allele Frequency (%) / Coefficient
Korean
(n=448) / Japanese
(n=208) / Chinese
(n=130)
rs7072219 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*2126A>C / 1.23 / 3.48 / 0.77 / 0.1628
rs4148951 / CHST3 / CHST3 c.*3555G>A / 1.23 / 3.48 / 0.77 / <0.0001
rs4148953 / CHST3 / CHST c.*4770G>A / 14.96 / 9.13 / 25.77 / -0.2442
rs9285726 / MAT1A / MAT1A c.769-195T>A / 2.57 / 8.70 / 1.92 / 0.8079
rs4934027 / MAT1A / MAT1A c.768+572G>A / 42.08 / 35.22 / 42.31 / -0.0876
rs4418728 / CYP26A1 / CYP26A1 g.45644188G>T / 28.91 / 36.96 / 20.00 / 0.0666
rs7905939 / CYP26A1 / CYP26A1 g.45645571A>G / 3.79 / 7.83 / 0.00 / 0.3756
rs56199535 / ABCC2 / ABCC2 c.2302C>G(R768W) / 0.00 / 0.22 / 0.00 / 0.8901
rs4925 / GSTO1 / GSTO1 c.419C>A(A140D) / 17.08 / 12.17 / 18.46 / -0.3362
rs2070672 / CYP2E1 / CYP2E1 c.-352A>G / 18.23 / 23.26 / 22.09 / 0.0114
rs8192690 / ABCC8 / ABCC8 c.4714G>A(V1572I) / 0.11 / 0.65 / 0.00 / 0.1212
rs45438191 / SLC22A8 / SLC22A8 c.842T>C(V281A) / 0.67 / 1.96 / 0.00 / 0.8833
rs2276299 / SLC22A8 / SLC22A8 c.723T>A(T241T) / 26.90 / 30.35 / 21.92 / 0.0079
rs1783811 / SLC22A11 / SLC22A11 c.1058+487A>G / 35.83 / 29.35 / 38.08 / -0.0909
rs11231825 / SLC22A12 / SLC22A12 c.426T>C(H142H) / 22.66 / 21.30 / 25.77 / -0.0426
rs2306283 / SLCO1B1 / SLCO1B1 c.388A>G(N130D) / 26.00 / 34.13 / 29.62 / 0.1093
rs886205 / ALDH2 / ALDH2 c.-360A>G / 15.58 / 28.91 / 13.08 / 0.3672
rs671 / ALDH2 / ALDH2 c.1510G>A(E504K) / 15.29 / 20.43 / 16.15 / 0.4261
rs2277448 / ATP7B / ATP7B c.-75C>A / 43.62 / 47.61 / 42.69 / 0.0854
rs3765534 / ABCC4 / ABCC4 c.2269G>A(E757K) / 7.25 / 14.78 / 7.69 / 0.2771
rs2274828 / SLC15A1 / SLC15A1 c.2269G>A(V450I) / 6.52 / 8.70 / 5.77 / 0.1431
rs2301157 / SLC10A2 / SLC10A2 c.*120T>C / 40.51 / 38.04 / 40.00 / -0.0151
rs2236135 / SLC7A8 / SLC7A8 c.*665T>C / 43.86 / 47.61 / 39.23 / 0.0119
rs2304461 / CYP19A1 / CYP19A1 c.1224C>T(P408P) / 0.33 / 3.71 / 0.00 / 1.8072
rs2242046 / SLC28A1 / SLC28A1 c.1561G>A(D521N) / 7.72 / 7.83 / 10.00 / -0.0521
rs1517618 / SLCO3A1 / SLCO3A1 c.882G>C(E294D) / 4.80 / 8.48 / 4.26 / 0.0840
rs246221 / ABCC1 / ABCC1 c.825T>C(V275V) / 47.32 / 38.26 / 50.38 / -0.0531
rs212090 / ABCC1 / ABCC1 c.*866T>A / 19.87 / 27.17 / 16.92 / 0.0576
rs8058694 / ABCC6 / ABCC6 c.1896C>A(H632Q) / 18.86 / 25.22 / 13.85 / 0.1873
rs8058696 / ABCC6 / ABCC6 c.1890C>G(T630T) / 18.86 / 25.22 / 13.85 / <0.0001
rs10517 / NQO1 / NQO1 c.*1119T>C / 34.90 / 29.35 / 36.54 / -0.0368
rs2738792 / CHST5 / CHST5 c.-1002C>T / 19.20 / 29.57 / 18.08 / 0.0672
rs887241 / ALDH3A1 / ALDH3A1 c.400T>G(S134A) / 7.48 / 5.22 / 6.92 / -0.3157
rs4148416 / ABCC3 / ABCC3 c.3039C>T(G1013G) / 11.83 / 6.52 / 14.62 / -0.2016
rs1060463 / CYP4F11 / CYP4F11 c.1336G>A(D446N) / 38.84 / 33.26 / 42.31 / -0.1300
rs1801272 / CYP2A6 / CYP2A6 c.479T>A(L160H) / 0.00 / 2.61 / 0.00 / 2.4548
rs8192709 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.64C>T(R22C) / 2.92 / 6.09 / 3.46 / 0.3274
rs3826711 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.499C>G(P167A) / 1.00 / 2.17 / 0.38 / 0.0800
rs3211371 / CYP2B6 / CYP2B6 c.1459C>T(R487C) / 0.11 / 1.52 / 0.39 / 1.0609
rs1645691 / CYP2A13 / CYP2A13 c.654+273C>T / 0.45 / 0.87 / 0.38 / 0.3773
rs2302948 / SULT2B1 / SULT2B1 c.637C>T(L213L) / 9.30 / 10.22 / 11.15 / -0.0758
rs1132054 / SULT2B1 / SULT2B1 c.834C>T(C278C) / 33.00 / 26.74 / 35.77 / -0.1830
rs60369023 / CDA / CDA c.208G>A(A70T) / 0.89 / 2.40 / 0.00 / 0.0606
rs324420 / FAAH / FAAH c.385C>A(P129T) / 14.09 / 17.17 / 12.69 / 0.1125
rs11807 / GSTM5 / GSTM5 c.*694T>C / 13.50 / 9.17 / 14.62 / -0.0940
rs2066534 / FMO3 / FMO3 c.627+10C>G / 1.56 / 0.43 / 1.92 / -0.3805
rs2020869 / FMO2 / FMO2 c.*60A>G / 18.19 / 17.17 / 25.00 / -0.1218
rs12954 / FMO1 / FMO1 c.*111C>T / 25.11 / 27.83 / 16.15 / 0.1211
rs1051741 / EPHX1 / EPHX1 c.1071C>T(N357N) / 13.39 / 16.74 / 11.92 / 0.0127
rs2296241 / CYP24A1 / CYP24A1 c.552C>T(A184A) / 39.84 / 46.09 / 38.46 / 0.0146
rs2835265 / CBR1 / CBR1 c.398-48C>T / 20.42 / 28.91 / 25.00 / 0.1770
rs1056892 / CBR3 / CBR3 c.730G>A(V244M) / 43.53 / 32.97 / 42.69 / -0.1528
rs1135840 / CYP2D6 / CYP2D6 c.1304G>C(S486T) / 32.59 / 46.09 / 29.23 / 0.3397
rs1065852 / CYP2D6 / CYP2D6 c.100C>T(P34S) / 54.25 / 38.91 / 47.69 / -0.0362
rs131713 / ARSA / ARSA c.-2353C>T / 35.83 / 42.39 / 36.15 / 0.0638
rs207440 / XDH / XDH c.3717G>A(E1239E) / 0.33 / 0.87 / 0.00 / 1.1606
rs4149520 / CHST10 / CHST10 c.444T>C(I148I) / 1.90 / 0.22 / 2.31 / -0.6945
rs4149430 / SULT1C2 / SULT1C2 c.-483C>T / 2.70 / 0.44 / 1.16 / -0.8652
rs1402467 / SULT1C2 / SULT1C2 c.15C>G(D5E) / 10.38 / 24.13 / 8.46 / 0.9892
rs2287617 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.896G>A(R299K) / 0.11 / 1.09 / 0.00 / 0.6000
rs7602171 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.-27-5516T>C / 24.33 / 17.47 / 21.92 / -0.0418
rs4668115 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.-28+3087A>G / 24.27 / 17.39 / 21.92 / -0.0098
rs4148768 / ABCB11 / ABCB11 c.-28+581C>T / 17.30 / 25.65 / 16.54 / 0.3715
rs4124874 / UGT1A1 / UGT1A1 c.862-10021T>G / 30.38 / 24.57 / 29.62 / -0.1588