ESM for “Household and Kin Provisioning by Hadza Men” by Brian M. Wood and Frank W. Marlowe, Human Nature 24(3),doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9173-0.

Table S1. Foods brought to camp by resident men, by camp and food type

Food Type / Camp / Times Acquired / Total Weight in kg / Total kcal / Avg. package weight in kg (SD) / Forager-
days / Forager-days per acquisition / Avg. kg
per forager per day / Avg. kcal per forager per day
Large Game / 1 / 27 / 2425.7 / 3554262 / 89.8 (154.8) / 345 / 12.8 / 7.0 / 10302
2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / NA (NA) / 340 / NA / 0 / 0
3 / 1 / 34.5 / 51617 / 34.5 (NA) / 561 / 561.0 / 0.1 / 92
4 / 2 / 195.2 / 333047 / 97.6 (77.2) / 456 / 228.0 / 0.4 / 730
5 / 11 / 1072.6 / 1817912 / 97.5 (88.6) / 436 / 39.6 / 2.5 / 4170
6 / 3 / 108.2 / 161001 / 36.1 (20.3) / 90 / 30.0 / 1.2 / 1789
7 / 2 / 155.7 / 225224 / 77.8 (1.9) / 69 / 34.5 / 2.3 / 3264
Large Game subtotals / 46
(Sum) / 3991.8
(Sum) / 6143063
(Sum) / 86.8 (126.5)
(Avg., SD, N=46) / 2297
(Sum) / 151 *
(Avg., N=6) / 1.9
(Avg., N=7) / 2907
(Avg., N=7)
Small Game / 1 / 23 / 34.2 / 62398 / 1.5 (1.3) / 345 / 15.0 / 0.1 / 181
2 / 5 / 9.1 / 12478 / 1.8 (1.2) / 340 / 68.0 / 0.0 / 37
3 / 55 / 43.5 / 76661 / 0.8 (1.9) / 561 / 10.2 / 0.1 / 137
4 / 18 / 26.7 / 54005 / 1.5 (4.1) / 456 / 25.3 / 0.1 / 118
5 / 62 / 91.1 / 155722 / 1.5 (1.6) / 436 / 7.0 / 0.2 / 357
6 / 8 / 17.5 / 38019 / 2.2 (5.6) / 90 / 11.2 / 0.2 / 422
7 / 12 / 23.4 / 45898 / 2.0 (2.2) / 69 / 5.8 / 0.3 / 665
Small Game subtotals / 183
(Sum) / 245.5
(Sum) / 445181
(Sum) / 1.3 (2.3)
(Avg., SD, N=183) / 2297
(Sum) / 20.4
(Avg., N=7) / 0.1
(Avg., N=7) / 274
(Avg., N=7)
Honey / 1 / 37 / 49.0 / 170501 / 1.3 (1.2) / 345 / 9.3 / 0.1 / 494
2 / 74 / 72.17 / 255828 / 1.0 (1.1) / 340 / 4.6 / 0.2 / 752
3 / 228 / 174.9 / 602685 / 0.8 (0.7) / 561 / 2.5 / 0.3 / 1074
4 / 74 / 212.4 / 775076 / 2.9 (3.0) / 456 / 6.2 / 0.5 / 1700
5 / 20 / 13.2 / 46287 / 0.7 (0.8) / 436 / 21.8 / 0.0 / 106
6 / 69 / 79.6 / 269127 / 1.2 (1.2) / 90 / 1.3 / 0.9 / 3072
7 / 10 / 7.7 / 25418 / 0.8 (0.4) / 69 / 6.9 / 0.1 / 368
Honey subtotals / 512
(Sum) / 609.0
(Sum) / 2152292
(Sum) / 1.2 (1.6)
(Avg., SD, N=512) / 2297
(Sum) / 7.5
(Avg., N=7) / 0.3
(Avg., N=7) / 1081
(Avg., N=7)
Fruit / 1 / 5 / 19.4 / 20723 / 3.9 (3.1) / 345 / 69 / 0.1 / 60
2 / 24 / 58.4 / 70343 / 2.4 (2.1) / 340 / 14.2 / 0.2 / 207
3 / 60 / 164.9 / 209052 / 2.7 (2.0) / 561 / 9.4 / 0.3 / 373
4 / 7 / 9.3 / 14747 / 1.3 (1.3) / 456 / 65.1 / 0.2 / 32
5 / 52 / 91.3 / 109438 / 1.8 (1.4) / 436 / 8.4 / 0.2 / 251
6 / 10 / 31.6 / 33285 / 3.1 (1.4) / 90 / 9.0 / 0.4 / 370
7 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / NA (NA) / 69 / NA / 0.0 / 0
Fruit subtotals / 158
(Sum) / 374.9
(Sum) / 457588
(Sum) / 2.4 (1.9)**
(Avg., N=157) / 2297
(Sum) / 29.2 **
(Avg., N=7) / 0.2
(Avg., N=7) / 185
(Avg., N=7)
* excludes camp 2, where no large game was acquired; ** excludes camp 7, where men brought no fruit to camp

TABLE S2.Summary of Group Comparisons

Group A / Group B / Group C / Statistica / Trend / p value
Fractions of carcasses kept by the household of the producer in large game primary distributions (N= 36) / Fraction of carcasses kept by average non-producer households in large game primary distributions (N= 34) / -- / W = 1144 / A > B / < .001
Fractions kept by the household of the producer in small game primary distributions (N=52) / Fractions to average receiving households in small game primary distributions(N=52) / -- / W = 1799 / A > B / .002
Fractions kept by the household of the producer in honey primary distributions (N=101) / Fractions to average receiving households in honey primary distributions(N=101) / -- / W = 8160 / A > B / < .001
Fractions kept by the household of the producer in fruit primary distributions (N=21) / Fractions to average receiving households in fruit primary distributions (N=21) / -- / W = 432 / A > B / < .001
Fractions consumed by producer households in all complete distributions (N = 98) / Fraction consumed by average non-producer households(N = 98) / -- / W= 7858 / A > B / < .001
Fractions consumed by producer household in complete distributions by married adult men.(N = 52) / Fractions consumed by average non-producer households.(N = 52) / -- / W = 2656 / A > B / < .001
Fractions consumed by producer household in 52 complete distributions by married adult men, aggregated into 13 cases based on producer household.(N = 13) / Fractions consumed by average non-producer households in the aggregated dataset.(N = 13) / -- / W = 163.5 / A > B / < .001
Skins retained by producer households in 21 distributions of kudu and impala / Expected skins retained if producers had the same probability of retaining skins as the 275 non-producer households / -- / χ2 = 132,
df = 1 / A > B / < .001
Hind limbs retained by 28 producer households in the distribution of 56 hind limbs / Expected hind limbs retained if producers had the same probability of retaining hind limbs as the 375 non-producer households / -- / χ2 =285,
df = 1 / A > B / < .001
Fractions consumed by producers’ wives in complete distributions. (N = 52) / Fractions consumed on average by reproductively aged women in camp unrelated to the producer. (N = 52) / -- / W = 1859 / A > B / <.001
Fractions consumed by producers’ wives in complete distributions. (N = 52) / Fractions consumed by the producer/husband in complete distributions. (N=52) / -- / W = 1047 / A > B / .036
Fractions consumed by producers’ wives in complete distributions, aggregated by couple. (N = 13) / Fractions consumed by the producer/husband in complete distributions, aggregated by couple.(N=13) / -- / W = 123 / A > B / .051
Fractions consumed by producers’ wives in complete distributions, aggregated by couple.(N = 13) / Fractions consumed by the producer/husband in complete distributions, aggregated by couple.(N=13) / -- / (one-tailed)
W = 123 / A > B / .026
Fractions consumed by producers’ wives in complete distributions, aggregated by couple.(N = 13) / Fractions consumed by reproductively aged women in camp unrelated to the producer, aggregated by couple.(N = 13) / -- / W = 165 / A > B / < .001
Amounts consumed on average by biological children of the producer in 25 complete distributions.(N=25) / Amounts consumed by other children in camp on average in 25 complete distributions. (N=25) / -- / W = 576 / A > B / < .001
Amount consumption by average biological child of the producer in complete distributions, aggregated by food producer.(N=7) / Amount consumed by other children in camp on average in complete distributions, aggregated by food producer.(N=7) / -- / W = 49 / A > B / .002
Frequency of the producer’s 127 consanguineal kin living in other households eating his foods (kin defined by r ≥ .0625) / Frequency of 1469 non-kin living outside the producer’s household eating his foods / -- / χ2 = 138.1,
df = 1 / A > B / < .001
Frequency of the producer’s 155 affinal kin living in other households eating his foods (kin defined by r ≥ .0625) / Frequency of 1469 non-kin living outside the producer’s household eating his foods / -- / χ 2 = 7.6,
df = 1 / A > B / .006
Frequency of the producer’s 118 consanguineal kin living in other households eating his foods (kin defined by r >.125) / Frequency of 1489 non-kin living outside the producer’s household eating his foods / -- / χ 2 = 106.0,
df =1 / A > B / < .001
Frequency of the producer’s 154 affinal kin living in other households eating his foods (kin defined by r >.125) / Frequency of 1489 non-kin living outside the producer’s household eating his foods / -- / χ 2 = 6.2,
df =1 / A > B / < .05
Daily rates of bringing food to camp (SK of all foods) by 25 married men aged 18–40 / Daily rates of bringing food to camp (SK of all foods) by 17 single men aged 18–40 / -- / W = 351 / A > B / < .001
Daily rates of bringing food to camp (SK of all foods) by 14 married men aged 18–40 with children age 10 and younger at home / Daily rates of bringing food to camp (SK of all foods) by 11 married men aged 18–40 without children age 10 and younger at home / -- / W = 94 / A > B / .37
Coefficients of variation of kcal/day brought to camp by 25 married men aged 18–40 / Coefficients of variation of kcal/day brought to camp by 17 single men aged 18–40 / -- / W = 178 / A > B / .71
Frequency of married men (aged 18–40) bringing food to camp. (N = 815 person days) / Frequency of single men (aged 18–40) bringing food to camp. (N = 693 person-days) / -- / χ 2 = 12.6,
df =1 / A > B / < .001
Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 25 married men aged 18–40 / Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 17 single men aged 18–40 / -- / t=1.47 / A > B / .15
Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 14 married men with children at home aged 18–40 / Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 17 single men aged 18–40 / -- / t=2.08 / A > B / < .05
Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 14 married men with children at home aged 18–40 / Frequency of bringing any food to camp (SF) by 11 married men aged 18–40 without children at home / -- / (one-tailed)
t=1.76 / A > B / < .05
Frequency of large game production (SF) by 18 married men aged 18–40 living in camps where large game were acquired by men aged 18–40 / Frequency of large game production (SF) by 10 married men aged 18–40 living in camps where large game were acquired by men aged 18–40 / -- / W = 118 / A > B / .18
Daily rate of large game production (SK) by 18 married men aged 18–40 living in camps where large game were acquired by men aged 18–40 / Daily rate of large game production (SK) by 10 married men aged 18–40 living in camps where large game were acquired by men aged 18–40 / -- / W = 113 / A > B / .27
Daily rates of bringing fruit to camp (SK of fruit) by 25 married men aged 18–40 / Daily rates of bringing fruit to camp (SK of fruit) by 17 single men aged 18–40 / -- / W = 241 / A > B / < .05
Frequency of married men (aged 18–40) bringing fruit to camp / Frequency of single men (aged 18–40) bringing fruit to camp / -- / W = 91 / A > B / < .05
Fraction of large game carcass weight retained by producer households in Hawkes et al. (2001a). (N = 12) / Fractions of large game carcasses retained on average by non-producer households in Hawkes et al. (2001a). (N=12) / -- / W = 48 / A > B / .175
Fractions of large game carcasses kept by nuclear family producer households
(N=18) / Fractions of large game carcasses keptby nuclear family non-producer households
(N=145) / ` / W = 2366 / A > B / < .001
Frequency of the best hunters (age 18–65) bringing any food to camp. (N=7,225 observation days) / Frequency of median or poor hunters (aged 18–65) bringing any food to camp. (N = 7,233 observation days) / Frequency of poor hunters (aged 18–65) bringing any food to camp. (N =7,233 observation days) / χ 2 = 1.1,
df = 2 / A<C<B / .57
Frequency of married men (aged 18–40) bringing food to camp. (N = 815 person days) / Frequency of single men (aged 18–40) bringing food to camp. (N = 693 person days) / -- / χ 2 = 12.6,
df =1 / A > B / < .0005
Note. All tests are two-tailed unless otherwise noted.
a. Wilcoxon rank sum (W), chi-square (χ), or t-test (t)
TABLE S3Summary of Correlations and Regressions (all tests are two-tailed)
Model (N) / Predictor(s) / Outcome / Estimate/ Partial Estimate / df / p-value / Adjusted R2
1(N=54 men) / Standardized frequency of large game production (SF) / Standardized frequency of small game production (SF) / Pearson’sr = 0.15 / 52 / .28
2(N=54 men) / Standardized level of large game production (SK) / Standardized level of small game production (SK) / Pearson’s r = -.09 / 52 / .47
3(N = 34large game distributions) / Large game carcass weight kg / Number of non-producer households receiving shares in primary distributions / Pearson’s r = 0.62 / 32 / < .001 / --
4(N = 34large game distributions) / Large game carcass weight kg / Number of non-producer households receiving shares in primary distributions / .03 / 32 / < .001 / .86
Number of resident households in camp / .23 / < .001
5(N = 36large game distributions) / Log10 of large game carcass weight kg / Log10 of share weight in kg retained by producer / .79 / 34 / < .001 / .86
Number of resident households in camp / .00 / .71
6(N = 34 large game distributions) / Log10 of large game carcass weight kg / Log10 of share weight in kg retained by producer / .78 / 33 / <. 001 / .86
Per-capita food kcal brought into camp in 24 hours prior to distribution / .00 / .45
7(N = 34 large game distributions) / Log10 of large game carcass weight kg / Log10 of share weight in kg retained by producer / .79 / 32 / <. 001 / .86
b / Per-capita meat kcal brought into camp in 24 hours prior to distribution / .00 / .37
8(N = 214 primary distributions) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Log10 of kcal kept in producer’shousehold in primary distribution / .84 / 213 / < .001 / .88
9(N = 214 primary distributions) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Log10 of kcal kept in producer’shousehold in primary distribution / .85 / 212 / < .001 / .88
Number of households in camp / 0 / .73
10(N=180 primary distributions by adult men) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Log10 of kcal kept in producer’s household in primary distribution / .67 / 178 / < .001 / .94
Producer is married / .93 / < .001
11(N = 212 primary distributions) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Number of households receiving shares in primary distribution / .72 / 211 / <.001 / .49
12(N = 212 primary distributions) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Number of households receiving shares in primary distribution / .33 / 210 / < .05 / .51
Number of households in camp / .14 / < .01
13 (N = 178 primary distributions by adult men) / Log10 of total kcal of food item before sharing / Number of households receiving shares in primary distribution / .62 / 175 / < .001 / .56
Number of households in camp / .21 / < .001
Producer is married / −2.2 / < .001

aOne large game distribution was excluded in models 6 and 7 because they occurred within the first 24 hours of data collection, and thus no measure of per-capita kcal in the prior 24 hours could be computed.

TABLE S4
Production rates and estimated household consumption of the best, the median, and poorest married hunters in each camp.
Group / Food / Avg. kcal/day brought to camp / Estimated fraction consumed in producers’ households / Estimated amount consumed in producers’ households (kcal/day)
Best hunters / Large Game / 15845 / .18 / 2852
(N=7) / Small Game / 202 / .47 / 95
Honey / 509 / .61 / 313
Fruit / 262 / .71 / 186
Total / 16818 / 3447
Median Hunters / Large Game / 1005 / .18 / 181
(N=7) / Small Game / 373 / .47 / 176
Honey / 1172 / .61 / 720
Fruit / 186 / .71 / 132
Total / 2735 / 1209
Poorest hunters / Large Game / 116 / .18 / 21
(N=7) / Small Game / 15 / .47 / 7
Honey / 964 / .61 / 593
Fruit / 272 / .71 / 194
Total / 1367 / 814

For small game, honey, and fruit, our estimated consumed fraction is the average of the amount consumed in producers’ households in our sharing dataset of complete distributions by married men. Since we have no data describing complete distributions of large game, we must estimate how much of a primary distribution share of large game would eventually be eaten by members of producers’ household. Linear regression analysis of our 25 complete distributions of small game shows that the amount kept during the primary distribution strongly predicts the amount consumed (estimate = .42, p < .001, R2 = .67). We use the slope of this regression line, .42, to estimate that a household would eventually consume 42% of a share of large game that was kept in a primary distribution. Interestingly, 42% is also the average fraction of the total carcass weight kept by producers in primary distributions of large game. So in the case of large game we estimate the amount of the carcass consumed by producers’ households to be 18% (.42×.42).