Table e-1: Comparison of studies where anticoagulation was more prevalent vs. less prevalent.

AC Given to at least 40% / AC given to <40% / Interaction
p-value
OR (95% CI) / p-value / OR (95% CI) / p-value
Pre 2002 / 1.79 (CI: 1.21-2.66) / 0.0037 / 2.21 (CI: 1.37-3.59) / 0.0013 / 0.7249
Superficial Infarct / 1.91 (CI: 1.20-3.04) / 0.0068 / 2.17 (CI: 1.18-4.01) / 0.0135 / 0.7426
TIA / 0.86 (CI: 0.50-1.47) / 0.5795 / 1.08 (CI: 0.51-2.27) / 0.8459 / 0.6163
Large PFO / 1.55 (CI: 1.04-2.31) / 0.0328 / 1.31 (CI: 0.75-2.27) / 0.3347 / 0.593
Shunt at Rest / 2.23 (CI: 1.13-4.41) / 0.0217 / 1.25 (CI: 0.55-2.85) / 0.5843 / 0.2131
Hypermobile Septum / 1.61 (CI: 1.03-2.52) / 0.0377 / 3.89 (CI: 2.38-6.37) / <.0001 / 0.0074
OR >1 means Presence of Factor is associated with higher odds of treatment with AC
Studies with AC given to at least 40% of patients: Bern, Tufts, German
Studies with AC givent to less than 40% of patients: Codicia, NOMASS/APRIS, Toronto, Sapienza

Table e-2: Amended Table 1 with the 51 subjects who were treated with both anticoagulation and antiplatelet medication added to the anticoagulation group. None of the associations were significantly changed.

Characteristic / All
(N=1183) / Treated with AC alone or AC+AP
(N=489) / Treated Only with AP
(n=694) / p-value*
% (n) unless noted otherwise
Study / N=1183 / N=489 / N=694 / <.0001
CODICIA / 25.2% ( 298) / 17.0% ( 83) / 31.0% ( 215)
NOMASS/APRIS / 2.4% ( 28) / 1.4% ( 7) / 3.0% ( 21)
Bern / 12.3% ( 146) / 16.2% ( 79) / 9.7% ( 67)
Toronto / 8.2% ( 97) / 7.0% ( 34) / 9.1% ( 63)
Sapienza / 11.2% ( 133) / 8.4% ( 41) / 13.3% ( 92)
Tufts / 9.6% ( 114) / 14.3% ( 70) / 6.3% ( 44)
German / 31.0% ( 367) / 35.8% ( 175) / 27.7% ( 192)
Clinical and Demographic variables
American / 12.0% (142/1183) / 15.7% (77/489) / 9.4% (65/694) / 0.0009
Age, mean +/- SD / 53.8 +/- 14.7 ( 1183) / 53.5 +/- 14.5 ( 489) / 54.1 +/- 14.8 ( 694) / 0.4709
Age >65 / 26.3% (311/1183) / 25.6% (125/489) / 26.8% (186/694) / 0.6336
Female gender / 40.1% (474/1183) / 40.7% (199/489) / 39.6% (275/694) / 0.7115
White / 86.5% (238/275) / 89.0% (105/118) / 84.7% (133/157) / 0.3044
History of
Diabetes / 10.4% (122/1178) / 10.5% (51/487) / 10.3% (71/691) / 0.9128
Coronary artery disease / 6.3% (67/1061) / 6.8% (30/438) / 5.9% (37/623) / 0.5484
Hypercholesterolemia / 28.1% (245/871) / 27.3% (109/400) / 28.9% (136/471) / 0.5951
Smoking / 28.3% (331/1169) / 25.4% (123/485) / 30.4% (208/684) / 0.0591
Stroke or TIA / 15.6% (184/1183) / 17.8% (87/489) / 14.0% (97/694) / 0.0746
Statins / 18.5% (50/270) / 21.6% (25/116) / 16.2% (25/154) / 0.2655
Prior Antiplatelets / 15.2% (135/886) / 16.7% (57/342) / 14.3% (78/544) / 0.3478
Prior Anticoagulants / 2.9% (17/581) / 3.9% (10/258) / 2.2% (7/323) / 0.2246
Incident TIA (vs. stroke) / 19.2% (201/1048) / 14.8% (66/447) / 22.5% (135/601) / 0.0017
Pre 2002 / 32.7% (386/1182) / 38.0% (186/489) / 28.9% (200/693) / 0.0009
Neuroradiology
Superficial Infarct / 64.2% (376/586) / 70.7% (183/259) / 59.0% (193/327) / 0.0035
Multiple Infarct / 21.9% (106/484) / 28.6% (60/210) / 16.8% (46/274) / 0.0019
Echocardiography
Large PFO / 58.2% (457/785) / 62.4% (222/356) / 54.8% (235/429) / 0.032
Shunt at rest / 71.0% (343/483) / 80.7% (176/218) / 63.0% (167/265) / <.0001
Hypermobile septum / 26.4% (293/1108) / 35.6% (164/461) / 19.9% (129/647) / 0.0001

SD= standard deviation