Table 4

MANOVA of student teachers’ SHOMs concerning SSIs for grade, programme and SHOM subscale

Effect / Value / F / Hypothesis df / Error df / Sig. / Partial 2
Intercept / Pillai's Trace / ,.995 / 41766,.63 / 7,.000 / 1578 / ,.000 / ,.995
Wilks' Lambda / ,.005 / 41766,.63 / 7,.000 / 1578 / ,.000 / ,.995
Hotelling's Trace / 185,.277 / 41766,.63 / 7,.000 / 1578 / ,.000 / ,.995
Roy's Largest Root / 185,.277 / 41766,.63 / 7,.000 / 1578 / ,.000 / ,.995
Grade / Pillai's Trace / ,.054 / 4,.147 / 21,.000 / 4740 / ,.000 / ,.018
Wilks' Lambda / ,.947 / 4,.154 / 21,.000 / 4531,.71 / ,.000 / ,.018
Hotelling's Trace / ,.055 / 4,.158 / 21,.000 / 4730 / ,.000 / ,.018
Roy's Largest Root / ,.028 / 6,.277 / 7,.000 / 1580 / ,.000 / ,.027
Programme / Pillai's Trace / ,.072 / 5,.531 / 21,.000 / 4740 / ,.000 / ,.024
Wilks' Lambda / ,.930 / 5,.536 / 21,.000 / 4531,.71 / ,.000 / ,.024
Hotelling's Trace / ,.074 / 5,.535 / 21,.000 / 4730 / ,.000 / ,.024
Roy's Largest Root / ,.033 / 7,.540 / 7,.000 / 1580 / ,.000 / ,.032
Grade * Programme / Pillai's Trace / ,.129 / 3,.317 / 63,.000 / 11088 / ,.000 / ,.018
Wilks' Lambda / ,.876 / 3,.366 / 63,.000 / 8893,.48 / ,.000 / ,.019
Hotelling's Trace / ,.136 / 3,.405 / 63,.000 / 11034 / ,.000 / ,.019
Roy's Largest Root / ,.079 / 13,.946 / 9,.000 / 1584 / ,.000 / ,.073

p<0.05

Table 5

Results of tests of between-subjects effects

Source / Dependent Variable / Type III Sum of Squares / df / Mean Square / F / Sig. / Partial Eta Squared ((2)
Corrected Model / MTA / 241,.177 / 15 / 16,.078 / 4,.280 / ,.000 / ,.039
OM / 325,.617 / 15 / 21,.708 / 4,.097 / ,.000 / ,.037
SC / 300,.858 / 15 / 20,.057 / 4,.574 / ,.000 / ,.042
RA / 134,.177 / 15 / 8,.945 / 3,.405 / ,.000 / ,.031
SOB / 250,.964 / 15 / 16,.731 / 2,.947 / ,.000 / ,.027
OB / 780,.384 / 15 / 52,.026 / 9,.610 / ,.000 / ,.083
CU / 597,.190 / 15 / 39,.813 / 5,.126 / ,.000 / ,.046
Intercept / MTA / 156934,.822 / 1 / 156934,.822 / 41778,.93 / ,.000 / ,.963
OM / 490490,.122 / 1 / 490490,.122 / 92577,.72 / ,.000 / ,.983
SC / 266617,.322 / 1 / 266617,.322 / 60802,.3 / ,.000 / ,.975
RA / 236439,.062 / 1 / 236439,.062 / 90012,.27 / ,.000 / ,.983
SOB / 307442,.526 / 1 / 307442,.526 / 54148,.93 / ,.000 / ,.972
OB / 440995,.606 / 1 / 440995,.606 / 81461,.95 / ,.000 / ,.981
CU / 240198,.010 / 1 / 240198,.010 / 30925,.75 / ,.000 / ,.951
Grade / MTA / 56,.428 / 3 / 18,.809 / 5,.007 / ,.002 / ,.009
OM / 94,.953 / 3 / 31,.651 / 5,.974 / ,.000 / ,.011
SC / 65,.848 / 3 / 21,.949 / 5,.006 / ,.002 / ,.009
RA / 39,.283 / 3 / 13,.094 / 4,.985 / ,.002 / ,.009
SOB / 75,.887 / 3 / 25,.296 / 4,.455 / ,.004 / ,.008
OB / 92,.197 / 3 / 30,.732 / 5,.677 / ,.001 / ,.011
CU / 23,.365 / 3 / 7,.788 / 1,.003 / ,.391 / ,.002
Programme / MTA / 93,.752 / 3 / 31,.251 / 8,.320 / ,.000 / ,.016
OM / 41,.172 / 3 / 13,.724 / 2,.590 / ,.051 / ,.005
SC / 122,.922 / 3 / 40,.974 / 9,.344 / ,.000 / ,.017
RA / 68,.242 / 3 / 22,.747 / 8,.660 / ,.000 / ,.016
SOB / 72,.607 / 3 / 24,.202 / 4,.263 / ,.005 / ,.008
OB / 176,.902 / 3 / 58,.967 / 10,.893 / ,.000 / ,.020
CU / 183,.310 / 3 / 61,.103 / 7,.867 / ,.000 / ,.015
Grade * Programme / MTA / 90,.997 / 9 / 10,.111 / 2,.692 / ,.004 / ,.015
OM / 189,.492 / 9 / 21,.055 / 3,.974 / ,.000 / ,.022
SC / 112,.087 / 9 / 12,.454 / 2,.840 / ,.003 / ,.016
RA / 26,.652 / 9 / 2,.961 / 1,.127 / ,.340 / ,.006
SOB / 102,.471 / 9 / 11,.386 / 2,.005 / ,.035 / ,.011
OB / 511,.286 / 9 / 56,.810 / 10,.494 / ,.000 / ,.056
CU / 390,.515 / 9 / 43,.391 / 5,.587 / ,.000 / ,.031

p<0.05; OM=open-mindedness; RA=rationality; OB= objectivity; MTA=mistrust of arguments from authority, SC= scepticism; CU= curiosity; SOB= suspension of belief

Table 6

Multiple comparisons results for grade and SHOM subscale

TUKEY HSD
Dependent Variable / (I) Grade / (J) Grade / Mean Difference (I-J) / Std. Error / Sig.
MTA / 1 / 2 / -,.0650 / ,.13705 / ,.965
3 / ,.0750 / ,.13705 / ,.947
4 / -,.4150* / ,.13705 / ,.013
2 / 3 / ,.1400 / ,.13705 / ,.737
4 / -,.3500 / ,.13705 / ,.052
3 / 4 / -,.4900* / ,.13705 / ,.002
OM / 1 / 2 / ,.4575* / ,.16276 / ,.026
3 / ,.4625* / ,.16276 / ,.024
4 / ,.6650* / ,.16276 / ,.000
2 / 3 / ,.0050 / ,.16276 / 1,.000
4 / ,.2075 / ,.16276 / ,.579
3 / 4 / ,.2025 / ,.16276 / ,.599
SC / 1 / 2 / ,.5550* / ,.14807 / ,.001
3 / ,.2900 / ,.14807 / ,.204
4 / ,.4000* / ,.14807 / ,.035
2 / 3 / -,.2650 / ,.14807 / ,.279
4 / -,.1550 / ,.14807 / ,.722
3 / 4 / ,.1100 / ,.14807 / ,.880
RA / 1 / 2 / ,.1925 / ,.11460 / ,.335
3 / ,.2925 / ,.11460 / ,.053
4 / ,.4300* / ,.11460 / ,.001
2 / 3 / ,.1000 / ,.11460 / ,.819
4 / ,.2375 / ,.11460 / ,.163
3 / 4 / ,.1375 / ,.11460 / ,.627
SOB / 1 / 2 / -,.5400* / ,.16849 / ,.008
3 / -,.0375 / ,.16849 / ,.996
4 / -,.0900 / ,.16849 / ,.951
2 / 3 / ,.5025* / ,.16849 / ,.015
4 / ,.4500* / ,.16849 / ,.038
3 / 4 / -,.0525 / ,.16849 / ,.990
OB / 1 / 2 / ,.6100* / ,.16452 / ,.001
3 / ,.1700 / ,.16452 / ,.730
4 / ,.0525 / ,.16452 / ,.989
2 / 3 / -,.4400* / ,.16452 / ,.038
4 / -,.5575* / ,.16452 / ,.004
3 / 4 / -,.1175 / ,.16452 / ,.891
CU / 1 / 2 / ,.2050 / ,.19706 / ,.726
3 / ,.1725 / ,.19706 / ,.818
4 / -,.0875 / ,.19706 / ,.971
2 / 3 / -,.0325 / ,.19706 / ,.998
4 / -,.2925 / ,.19706 / ,.447
3 / 4 / -,.2600 / ,.19706 / ,.551
TOTAL / 1 / 2 / 1,.4150* / ,.54470 / ,.047
3 / 1,.4250* / ,.54470 / ,.044
4 / ,.9550 / ,.54470 / ,.297
2 / 3 / ,.0100 / ,.54470 / 1,.000
4 / -,.4600 / ,.54470 / ,.833
3 / 4 / -,.4700 / ,.54470 / ,.824

p<0.05; OM=open-mindedness; RA=rationality; OB= objectivity; MTA=mistrust of arguments from authority, SC= scepticism; CU= curiosity; SOB= suspension of belief

Table 7

Multiple comparisons results for programmes and SHOM subscale

TUKEY HSD
Dependent Variable / (I) Programme* / (J) Programme / Mean Difference (I-J) / Std. Error / Sig.
MTA / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / -,.5525* / ,.13705 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / -,.5775* / ,.13705 / ,.000
Math Educ / -,.5450* / ,.13705 / ,.000
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.0250 / ,.13705 / ,.998
Math Educ / ,.0075 / ,.13705 / 1,.000
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / ,.0325 / ,.13705 / ,.995
OM / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / -,.0550 / ,.16276 / ,.987
SocSciEduc / -,.1525 / ,.16276 / ,.785
Math Educ / -,.4175 / ,.16276 / ,.051
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.0975 / ,.16276 / ,.932
Math Educ / -,.3625 / ,.16276 / ,.116
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -,.2650 / ,.16276 / ,.363
SC / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / ,.3100 / ,.14807 / ,.156
SocSciEduc / -,.0875 / ,.14807 / ,.935
Math Educ / -,.4675* / ,.14807 / ,.009
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.3975* / ,.14807 / ,.037
Math Educ / -,.7775* / ,.14807 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -,.3800 / ,.14807 / ,.051
RA / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / ,.4625* / ,.11460 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / ,.1400 / ,.11460 / ,.613
Math Educ / -,.0775 / ,.11460 / ,.906
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.3225* / ,.11460 / ,.025
Math Educ / -,.5400* / ,.11460 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -,.2175 / ,.11460 / ,.229
SOB / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / ,.5275* / ,.16849 / ,.010
SocSciEduc / ,.0300 / ,.16849 / ,.998
Math Educ / ,.2750 / ,.16849 / ,.361
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.4975* / ,.16849 / ,.017
Math Educ / -,.2525 / ,.16849 / ,.439
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / ,.2450 / ,.16849 / ,.466
OB / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / ,.4625* / ,.16452 / ,.026
SocSciEduc / ,.2725 / ,.16452 / ,.347
Math Educ / -,.4225 / ,.16452 / ,.050
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -,.1900 / ,.16452 / ,.655
Math Educ / -,.8850* / ,.16452 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -,.6950* / ,.16452 / ,.000
CU / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / ,.1700 / ,.19706 / ,.824
SocSciEduc / ,.6000* / ,.19706 / ,.013
Math Educ / -,.3400 / ,.19706 / ,.311
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / ,.4300 / ,.19706 / ,.129
Math Educ / -,.5100* / ,.19706 / ,.048
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -,.9400* / ,.19706 / ,.000
TOTAL / SciEduc / PriTeacEduc / 1,.3250 / ,.54470 / ,.071
SocSciEduc / ,.2250 / ,.54470 / ,.976
Math Educ / -1,.9950* / ,.54470 / ,.001
PriTeacEduc / SocSciEduc / -1,.1000 / ,.54470 / ,.181
Math Educ / -3,.3200* / ,.54470 / ,.000
SocSciEduc / Math Educ / -2,.2200* / ,.54470 / ,.000

p<0.05; OM=open-mindedness; RA=rationality; OB= objectivity; MTA=mistrust of arguments from authority, SC= scepticism; CU= curiosity; SOB= suspension of belief ; *SciEduc: Science Education, PriTeacEduc: Primary Teacher Education, SocSciEduc: Social Science Education, Math Educ: Mathematics Education