Table 1Two-way ANOVA results on the initial buoyant weights of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in the ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2 treatments.

Effect / DF / Variance Component / F-value / P- value
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.100 / 0.777
Aquaria (Treatment) / Random / 0
Residual / Random / 10 / 0.573

Note: For random effects the variance components are reported, while for fixed effects the F-ratios and their probabilities are reported. DF are ordinary least of squares degrees of freedom.

Table 2 Forward and reverse primer sequences used in RT-qPCR analyses of Desmophyllum dianthus gene expression profiles.

Gene Target / Primer DNA sequence (5’-3’) / Genbank accession number
28S / 5'-TCGAAGAGTCGGGTTGTTTGGGAA-3' (F)
5′-CAAACGGTGCATTGCTGAGTCCAT-3′ (R) / HQ439612,JQ611422
HSP70 / 5'-GAGCCCTCAGTAACCAGCAC-3' (F)
5′-CATTGTGGAGCGGAAAAGTT-3′ (R) / AB201748
Alpha-carbonic anhydrase / 5’-GCGATCAGAAGCCAGGGTGTGG-3’ (F)
5’-TCCCTCCGGGTCGCGGTAAG-3’(R) / EU159467
c-lectin Mannose Binding / 5'-GAAGTGTTCCGCAGAAGAGG-3' (F)
5'-GAATCAATTTTCCCGCGTTA-3’(R) / FJ628422
Cytochrome oxidase / 5'-TTGTAGAACAAGGAGCCGGAACAG-3' (F)
5'-AATCGCCATGTCAACAGAACCACC-3’(R) / HM018613
Ribosomal protein L12 / 5'-GATGACATCGCCAAGGCAACACAA-3' (F)
5'-AGGCACTTGGTACAACTGACACCT-3’(R) / FJ790233
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase / 5'-TGAAGGGACATTGAGATCAGGCCA-3' (F)
5'-TGAAGAACAGCAGCCGATTGTCAC-3’(R) / FE040035
B-actin / 5'-GACGACGTTGCGGCATTAGTTGTT-3' (F)
5'-ACGAGTCTTTCTGGCCCATACCAA-3’(R) / AAT74858
Procolagen / 5'-ACTTACCACTGCTACAACTCACGG-3' (F)
5'-AAGGCGTTCTGTTGTTTGGTGTCG-3’(R) / DR988087

Table 3Two-way ANOVAresults on the differences of pH and total alkalinity between ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2 treatments.

Effect / DF / Variance Component / F-value / P- value
pH
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 4672 / 0.0002
Aquaria (Treatment) / Random / 1.16 / 0.00009
Residual / Random / 1356 / 0.01981
Total alkalinity
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 2.01 / 0.2924
Aquaria (Treatment) / Random / 1.34 / 133.89
Residual / Random / 65 / 518.74

Note: For random effects the variance components are reported, while for fixed effects the F-ratios and their probabilities are reported. DF are ordinary least of squares degrees of freedom.

Table 4Repeated measures ANOVA results on the effects of time and treatment (ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2) on calcification rates by the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus.

Effect / DF / Variance Component / F-value / P- value
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.03 / 0.8728
Time / Fixed / 5 / 1.75 / 0.1399
Time × treatment / Fixed / 5 / 0.27 / 0.9251
Aquaria (Treatment) / Random / 2 / 0.00001
Residual / Random / 52 / 0.00009

Note: For random effects the variance components are reported, while for fixed effects the F-ratios and their probabilities are reported. DF are ordinary least of squares degrees of freedom.

Table 5Two-way ANOVA results on the effects of ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2 treatments on respiration rates by the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus.

Effect / DF / Variance Component / F-value / P- value
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 1.43 / 0.3546
Aquaria (Treatment) / Random / 0
Residual / Random / 10 / 0.3317

Note: For random effects the variance components are reported, while for fixed effects the F-ratios and their probabilities are reported. DF are ordinary least of squares degrees of freedom.

Table 6PERMANOVA results on the effects of ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2 treatments on inorganic nutrient excretion (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate) by the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus.

Effect / DF / SS / MS / PseudoF / P(perm)
Nitrate
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 8.4694 / 8.4694 / 2.7064 / 0.0186
Residual / Random / 10 / 31.294 / 3.1294
Ammonia
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.1168 / 0.1168 / 0.2013 / 0.6646
Residual / Random / 10 / 518.74
Phosphate
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.00046 / 0.00046 / 0.2736 / 0.6363
Residual / Random / 10 / 0.01687 / 0.00169

SS = sum of squares, df = degrees of freedom, and MS = mean sum of squares.

Table 7PERMANOVA results on the effects of ambient pCO2 and elevated pCO2 treatments on gene expression patterns by the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus.

Effect / DF / SS / MS / PseudoF / P(MC)
Heat Shock Protein 70
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 13.98 / 13.98 / 38.84 / 0.0042
Residual / Random / 4 / 1.4397 / 0.3599
α-Carbonic Anhydrase
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 21.635 / 21.635 / 30.95 / 0.0010
Residual / Random / 8 / 5.5921 / 0.6990
C-Lectin
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 34.899 / 34.899 / 4.433 / 0.0291
Residual / Random / 6 / 47.235 / 7.8726
Cytochrome oxidase
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.0031 / 0.0031 / 0.0426 / 0.8508
Residual / Random / 4 / 0.2884 / 0.0721
Ribossomal Protein L12
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.7201 / 0.7201 / 9.5542 / 0.0148
Residual / Random / 8 / 0.6029 / 0.0754
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.0090 / 0.0090 / 0.3265 / 0.5918
Residual / Random / 4 / 0.1109 / 0.0277
β-Actin
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.0508 / 0.0508 / 0.0297 / 0.8717
Residual / Random / 8 / 17.12 / 1.7116
Procolagen
Treatment / Fixed / 1 / 0.6057 / 0.6057 / 14.01 / 0.0203
Residual / Random / 4 / 0.1730 / 0.0432

SS = sum of squares, df = degrees of freedom, and MS = mean sum of squares.