Table S1. Overview of fish samples collected in this study: other n-3fatty acids (mg/g) in various fish species.

Item / Fish species / Common Name / No. of samples / ALA / DPA / AA
1 / Acanthopagrus latus / Yellowfin seabream / 4 / 1.81 / 0.914 / 0.318
2 / Acanthopagrus schlegeli / Black porgy, Blackhead seabream / 1 / 0.224 / 0.147 / 0.129
3 / Anguilla japonica / Japanese eel / 5 / 0.987 / 2.15 / 0.592
4 / Ariomma indica / Indian ariomma, Indian driftfish / 3 / 0.283 / 0.147 / 0.216
5 / Aristichthys nobilis / Bighead carp / 3 / 0.208 / 0.087 / 0.536
6 / Beryx splendens* / Splendid alfonsino / 3 / 0.089 / 0.364 / 0.309
7 / Branchiostegus albus / White horsehead / 4 / 0.146 / 0.654 / 0.542
8 / Cephalopholis urodeta / Darkfin hind / 3 / --- / 0.133 / 0.296
9 / Channa maculata / Snakehead, Blotched snakehead / 3 / 0.268 / 0.827 / 0.266
10 / Choerodon schoenleinii / Green wrasse, Blackspot tuskfish / 4 / --- / 0.153 / 0.575
11 / Cirrhinus molitorella / Mud carp / 3 / 0.833 / 0.317 / 0.509
12 / Clarias fuscus / Catfish, Hong Kong catfish / 3 / 0.992 / 0.350 / 0.340
13 / Cololabis saira* / Pacific saury / 3 / --- / --- / 0.041
14 / Cromileptes altivelis / Humpback grouper / 3 / --- / 0.093 / 0.307
15 / Ctenopharyngodon idellus / Grass carp / 3 / 1.29 / 0.123 / 1.05
16 / Cynoglossus arel / Largescale tonguesole, Tonguefish / 3 / --- / 0.077 / 0.285
17 / Cynoglossus bilineatus / Fourlined tonguesole / 3 / --- / 0.191 / 0.330
18 / Dentex tumifrons / Golden tail, Yellowback seabream / 4 / 0.044 / 0.647 / 0.696
19 / Eleutheronema tetradactylum / Fourfinger threadfin, Blind tasselfish / 3 / 0.765 / 0.863 / 0.521
20 / Epinephelus areolatus / Areolate grouper, Green-spotted rock cod / 3 / 0.344 / 1.30 / 0.614
21 / Epinephelus awoara / Yellow grouper, Banded grouper / 3 / --- / 0.317 / 0.320
22 / Epinephelus bleekeri / Duskytail grouper / 3 / 0.137 / 0.690 / 0.536
23 / Epinephelus coioides / Green grouper, Orange-spotted grouper, Estuary grouper / 3 / --- / 0.173 / 0.346
24 / Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus / Rock grouper, Banded reef-cod / 3 / --- / 0.517 / 0.342
25 / Epinephelus hexagonatus / Starspotted grouper / 2 / --- / 0.050 / 0.212
26 / Epinephelus lanceolatus / Giant grouper / 4 / 0.943 / 1.58 / 0.439
27 / Epinephelus merra / Honeycomb grouper / 1 / --- / 0.098 / 0.341
28 / Epinephelus quoyanus / Longfin grouper / 1 / 0.115 / 0.688 / 0.490
29 / Epinephelus trimaculatus / Threespot grouper / 1 / --- / 0.373 / 0.415
30 / Gymnothorax favagineus / Laced moray / 1 / 0.458 / 2.86 / 1.40
31 / Gymnothorax reevesii / Reeve's moray / 3 / 0.204 / 1.40 / 0.825
32 / Hapalogenys nitens / Skewband grunt, Grunt / 3 / 0.723 / 2.30 / 0.987
33 / Harpadon nehereus / Bombay duck / 3 / --- / --- / 0.109
34 / Katsuwonus pelamis* / Skipjack tuna / 3 / --- / --- / 0.135
35 / Larimichthys croceus / Yellow croaker, Croceine croaker, Large yellow croaker / 3 / 0.531 / 1.54 / 1.13
36 / Lateolabrax japonicus / Japanese seaperch, Common sea bass, Japanese seabass / 5 / 0.320 / 0.228 / 0.205
37 / Lates calcarifer / Barramundi / 6 / 0.053 / 0.098 / 0.156
38 / Lethrinus obsoletus / Orange-striped emperor / 2 / --- / 0.121 / 0.454
39 / Lutjanus argentimaculatus / Mangrove red snapper / 5 / 0.222 / 0.203 / 0.208
40 / Lutjanus malabaricus / Red snapper, Malabar blood snapper / 3 / 0.078 / 0.097 / 0.154
41 / Lutjanus russelli / Russell's snapper, fingermark bream / 3 / --- / 0.063 / 0.141
42 / Lutjanus stellatus / Star snapper / 3 / 0.093 / 0.242 / 0.243
43 / Megalobrama terminalis / Black amur bream / 1 / 2.44 / --- / 0.083
44 / Micropterus salmoides / Large mouth bass, Largemouth black bass / 3 / 0.214 / 0.975 / 0.467
45 / Mugil cephalus / Grey mullet, Flathead grey mullet / 3 / 3.50 / 0.643 / 0.732
46 / Mulloidichthys flavolineatus / Yellowstripe goatfish / 1 / --- / 0.106 / 0.553
47 / Nemipterus japonicus / Japanese golden thread, Japanese threadfin bream / 4 / --- / 0.448 / 0.545
48 / Nemipterus virgatus / Golden threadfin bream, Golden thread / 3 / 0.068 / 0.646 / 0.659
49 / Oreochromis niloticus niloticus / Tilapia, Nile tilapia / 4 / 0.616 / 0.284 / 0.58
50 / Pagrus major / Red pargo, Japanese seabream, Red seabream / 3 / 0.232 / 0.907 / 0.602
51 / Pampus argenteus / Silver pomfret, Butterfish, Pomfret / 5 / 0.214 / 1.19 / 0.956
52 / Pampus nozawae / Swallow tail pomfret / 3 / 0.76 / 0.645 / 0.552
53 / Paralichthys olivaceus* / False halibut, Bastard halibut / 3 / 0.71 / 1.54 / 1.04
54 / Parupeneus barberinus / Dash-and-dot goatfish / 1 / 0.041 / 0.164 / 0.539
55 / Parupeneus indicus / Indian goatfish / 2 / 0.196 / 0.413 / 1.03
56 / Pennahia argentata / White croaker, White chinese croaker, Silver croaker / 5 / --- / 0.072 / 0.278
57 / Platycephalus indicus / Flathead, Bartail flathead / 4 / 0.055 / 0.216 / 0.356
58 / Platycephalus spp / Flathead / 1 / --- / 0.251 / 0.377
59 / Plectorhinchus cinctus / Cresent sweetlips, Grunt / 3 / --- / 0.108 / 0.155
60 / Plectropomus areolatus / Squaretail coralgrouper / 2 / --- / 0.127 / 0.459
61 / Plectropomus leopardus / Leopard coralgrouper / 4 / --- / 0.106 / 0.341
62 / Pomadasys kaakan / Javelin grunter / 4 / 0.078 / 0.161 / 0.148
63 / Priacanthus tayenus / Purple-spotted bigeye, Big-eye perch / 4 / 0.044 / 0.105 / 0.223
64 / Priacanthus macracanthus / Red bigeye, Bulls-eye perch / 2 / --- / 0.076 / 0.205
65 / Psenopsis anomala / Butter fish, Pacific rudderfish / 4 / 0.630 / 0.214 / 0.430
66 / Pseudocaranx dentex* / White trevally / 3 / 0.751 / 1.78 / 0.703
67 / Rachycentron canadum / Black bonito, cobia / 1 / 0.276 / --- / 0.113
68 / Salmo Salar* / Atlantic salmon / 3 / 3.46 / 4.51 / 0.772
69 / Sarda orientalis* / Striped bonito / 3 / 0.172 / 0.170 / 0.187
70 / Sardinops sagax* / South American pilchard / 3 / 0.167 / 0.046 / 0.072
71 / Saurida elongata / Slender lizardfish / 2 / 0.076 / 0.297 / 0.346
72 / Saurida tumbil / Greater lizardfish / 1 / 0.095 / 0.440 / 0.386
73 / Scatophagus argus / Spotted scat, Butter fish, spade fish / 3 / 0.767 / 0.706 / 0.514
74 / Scomber japonicus* / Chub mackerel / 3 / 0.207 / --- / 0.139
75 / Scomberomorus commerson / Narrow-barred spanish mackerel, Albacore, Banded tuna / 1 / 0.102 / 0.152 / 0.294
76 / Scomberomorus guttatus / Indo-pacific king mackerel / 5 / 0.067 / 0.157 / 0.335
77 / Sebastiscus marmoratus / Rockfish / 3 / --- / 0.309 / 0.342
78 / Seriola dumerili* / Purple amberjack, Greater amberjack / 3 / 0.670 / 1.19 / 0.564
79A / Seriola lalandi* (Region A) / Yellowtail kingfish, Yellowtail amberjack / 3 / 0.353 / 0.283 / 0.324
79B / Seriolalalandi* (Region B) / Yellowtail kingfish, Yellowtail amberjack / 3 / 1.33 / 2.07 / 0.823
80 / Siganus canaliculatus / Rabbitfish, pearl-spotted spinefoot, white-spotted spinefoot / 3 / 1.19 / 1.72 / 0.504
81 / Sillago japonica / Japanese sillago / 3 / --- / 0.296 / 0.492
82 / Siniperca chuatsi / Freshwater grouper, Mandarin fish / 3 / 2.09 / 0.484 / 1.01
83 / Sphyraena flavicauda* / Yellowtail barracuda, Barracudas / 3 / 0.053 / 0.055 / 0.146
84 / Trachinotus blochii / Snubnose pompano / 3 / 0.833 / 0.477 / 0.109
85 / Trachurus japonicus* / Japanese jack mackerel, Atlantic horse mackerel / 3 / 0.056 / 0.066 / 0.067
86 / Trichiurus lepturus / Largehead hairtail, Hairtail / 5 / 0.158 / 0.464 / 0.334
87 / Trichiurus nanhaiensis / Largehead hairtail, South China Sea hairtail / 1 / 0.077 / 0.101 / 0.164
88 / Variola albimarginata / White-edged lyretail / 3 / --- / 0.062 / 0.218

Note: ‘---‘ denote the level was found to below the limit of detection.