Electronic Supplementary Material
Article title: Productive leaf functional traits of Chinese savanna species
Journal name: Plant Ecology
Author names:Jiao-Lin Zhang· L. Poorter ·Kun-Fang Cao
Corresponding author: Kun-Fang Cao, Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla666303, Yunnan, China and Yuanjiang Dry-Hot-Valley Ecological Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang653300, Yunnan, China. e-mail:
Table S1Climate and soil characteristics of Chinese and other tropical savannas
(China, Asia) / Darwin
(Australia) / Brazil
(Neotropics) / Zambia
(Africa)
Coordination / 23o41'N, 101o51'E / 12o40'S, 130o90'E / 15o33'S, 56o6'W / 13o33'S, 32o30'E
Altitude (m) / 770 / 1028
Mean annual temperature (oC) / 23.8 / 27.8 / 25.7 / 22.0
Mean annualprecipitation(mm) / 803 / 1711 / 1366 / 1011
Percentage ofprecipitation in the rainy season (%) / 79 / 97 / 90 / 98
Seasonality index of precipitation / 0.58 / 0.91 / 0.63 / 1.04
At 0–20 cm soil depth
Organic matter (%) / 1.22 / 1.45 / 0.75
N (mg g–1) / 1.10 / 0.60 / 0.55 / 0.45
P (mg g–1) / 0.380 / 0.11 / 0.011 / 0.009
K (mg g–1) / 25.2 / 0.020 / 0.053
Ca (mg g–1) / 2.13 / 0.16 / 0.82
Mg (mg g–1) / 3.41 / 0.103
Cation exchange capacity (μeq g–1) / 10.1 / 3.7 / 35.0
pH / 6.0 / 4.9 / 7.0
Climate data of other tropical savannas were from Bowman and Prior (2005) or from the world climate website (
Seasonality index of precipitation follows Walsh and Lawler (1981)
For soil properties of Australian savanna see Bowman and Prior (2005) and for those of Brazilian and Zambian savannas see Archibold (1995)
Table S2 Species included in this study
Antidesma bunius / Euphorbiaceae / T / WD
Bridelia stipularis / Euphorbiaceae / L / WD
Buchanania latifolia / Anacardiaceae / T / WD†
Callicarpa nudiflora / Verbenaceae / S / DD#
Carissa spinarum / Apocynaceae / S / E†
Crotalaria linifolia / Caesalpiniaceae / S / DD#
Cyclobalanopsis helferiana / Fagaceae / T / E
Dendrolobium triangulare / Papilionaceae / S / WD†#
Ehretia corylifolia / Boraginaceae / T / WD#
Eriobotrya henryi / Rosaceae / T / E
Ficus semicordata / Moraceae / T / WD
Fraxinus malacophylla / Oleaceae / T / DD
Gochnotia decora / Compositae / T / WD
Grewia celtidifolia / Tiliaceae / T / WD#
Haldina cordifolia / Rubiaceae / T / WD
Lannea coromandelica / Anacardiaceae / T / WD†
Morus australis / Moraceae / T / WD
Olea cuspidate / Oleaceae / T / E
Osteomeles schwerinae / Rosaceae / S / E†
Phyllanthus emblica / Euphorbiaceae / T / WD†
Pistacia weinmannifolia / Anacardiaceae / T / E
Pittosporum kerrii / Pittosporaceae / T / E
Polyalthia cerasoides / Annonaceae / T / WD#
Psidium guajava / Myrtaceae / T / E
Quercus aliena / Fagaceae / T / WD
Quercus cocciferoides / Fagaceae / T / E
Smilax ferox / Smilacaceae / L / E
Symplocos racemosa / Symplocaceae / T / WD†
Terminalia franchetii / Combretaceae / T / WD
Terminthia paniculata / Anacardiaceae / S / DD#
Vitex negundo / Verbenaceae / S / WD#
Wendlandia tinctoria / Rubiaceae / T / DD#
Woodfordia fruticosa / Lythraceae / S / DD#
¶For authorities consult the Tropicos database (
§Life form: L =liana; S = shrub; T = tree
‡Phenology: DD = drought deciduous species; E = evergreen species; WD = winter deciduous species
†Species with leaf flushing in the late dry season
#Species with shoot dieback in the late dry season
Table S3Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) of the species-trait correlation matrix. All variables were log10-transformed prior to analysis
% of variance explained / 37.4 / 29.4
Eigenvectors
RPS / –0.29 / 0.86
SD / –0.07 / 0.32
GCL / 0.21 / 0.41
SPI / 0.12 / 0.67
LA / –0.39 / –0.42
LS / 0.11 / 0.92
LT / 0.56 / –0.17
LD / –0.88 / –0.34
SLA / –0.50 / 0.76
N / –0.66 / 0.36
P / –0.03 / 0.91
N/P / –0.40 / –0.59
K / –0.52 / 0.82
Ca / –0.22 / –0.61
Mg / 0.04 / 0.51
gs / 0.94 / 0.30
Aa / 0.89 / 0.35
Am / 0.53 / 0.85
PNUE / 0.79 / 0.45
PPUE / 0.76 / –0.24
WUEi / –0.95 / –0.32
δ13C / –0.93 / 0.35
See Table 1 for the trait abbreviations
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Table S4Coefficients (r, upper off-diagonal) and significance levels (P value, lower off-diagonal) of Pearson’s correlation for 26 traits
TUE / TP / TS / TLE / RPS / SD / GCL / SPI / LA / LS / LT / LD / SLA / N / P / N/P / K / Ca / Mg / gs / Aa / Am / PNUE / PPUE / WUEi / δ13CTUE / 0.354 / 0.656 / 0.219 / -0.589 / -0.260 / 0.406 / 0.282 / 0.197 / -0.123 / 0.659 / -0.546 / -0.269 / -0.634 / -0.124 / -0.431 / -0.155 / 0.119 / 0.296 / -0.045 / 0.061 / -0.212 / 0.399 / 0.122 / 0.133 / 0.111
TP / 0.116 / 0.699 / 0.479 / -0.014 / -0.199 / 0.450 / 0.407 / -0.520 / 0.316 / 0.853 / -0.690 / -0.436 / -0.608 / -0.348 / -0.108 / 0.045 / -0.086 / 0.092 / -0.050 / -0.061 / -0.558 / -0.147 / -0.242 / 0.012 / 0.014
TS / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.463 / -0.723 / -0.404 / 0.549 / 0.314 / -0.279 / 0.096 / 0.958 / -0.787 / -0.474 / -0.673 / -0.394 / -0.113 / -0.290 / 0.102 / 0.121 / -0.187 / -0.118 / -0.646 / -0.143 / -0.154 / 0.210 / 0.700
TLE / 0.340 / 0.028 / 0.035 / -0.174 / -0.416 / 0.543 / 0.300 / -0.345 / 0.251 / 0.528 / -0.373 / -0.347 / -0.314 / -0.399 / 0.219 / -0.070 / -0.366 / -0.227 / -0.497 / -0.301 / -0.521 / -0.358 / -0.105 / 0.444 / -0.121
RPS / 0.005 / 0.953 / 0.000 / 0.451 / 0.384 / -0.346 / -0.053 / -0.124 / 0.168 / -0.517 / 0.441 / 0.235 / 0.350 / 0.208 / 0.059 / 0.446 / -0.233 / -0.098 / 0.227 / 0.118 / 0.309 / 0.058 / -0.012 / -0.291 / -0.532
SD / 0.254 / 0.387 / 0.069 / 0.061 / 0.086 / -0.709 / 0.119 / -0.080 / 0.494 / -0.380 / 0.622 / -0.157 / 0.148 / 0.024 / 0.112 / 0.118 / -0.185 / -0.160 / 0.144 / 0.402 / 0.353 / 0.397 / 0.261 / 0.096 / -0.110
GCL / 0.068 / 0.041 / 0.010 / 0.011 / 0.124 / 0.000 / 0.616 / -0.021 / -0.112 / 0.575 / -0.688 / -0.139 / -0.422 / -0.341 / 0.057 / -0.166 / -0.235 / -0.027 / -0.192 / -0.235 / -0.469 / -0.214 / 0.088 / 0.094 / 0.030
SPI / 0.215 / 0.067 / 0.165 / 0.186 / 0.820 / 0.607 / 0.003 / -0.108 / 0.396 / 0.379 / -0.270 / -0.361 / -0.423 / -0.454 / 0.212 / -0.098 / -0.537 / -0.225 / -0.112 / 0.067 / -0.252 / 0.101 / 0.363 / 0.202 / -0.082
LA / 0.392 / 0.016 / 0.221 / 0.125 / 0.592 / 0.729 / 0.928 / 0.640 / -0.649 / -0.362 / 0.220 / 0.289 / 0.096 / 0.235 / -0.228 / -0.130 / 0.315 / 0.123 / 0.048 / -0.164 / 0.204 / 0.164 / 0.029 / -0.168 / -0.139
LS / 0.597 / 0.163 / 0.677 / 0.273 / 0.465 / 0.023 / 0.629 / 0.076 / 0.001 / 0.163 / 0.119 / -0.420 / 0.034 / -0.268 / 0.384 / 0.087 / -0.452 / -0.178 / -0.184 / 0.185 / -0.110 / -0.091 / 0.160 / 0.344 / -0.194
LT / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.014 / 0.016 / 0.090 / 0.006 / 0.090 / 0.107 / 0.481 / -0.823 / -0.480 / -0.710 / -0.394 / -0.146 / -0.149 / 0.024 / 0.144 / -0.163 / -0.108 / -0.663 / -0.117 / -0.173 / 0.169 / 0.539
LD / 0.010 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.096 / 0.045 / 0.003 / 0.001 / 0.236 / 0.338 / 0.608 / 0.000 / 0.005 / 0.436 / 0.111 / 0.265 / -0.003 / 0.034 / -0.160 / -0.028 / -0.035 / 0.287 / 0.070 / 0.292 / -0.047 / -0.686
SLA / 0.239 / 0.048 / 0.030 / 0.123 / 0.305 / 0.496 / 0.547 / 0.108 / 0.204 / 0.058 / 0.028 / 0.982 / 0.629 / 0.607 / -0.212 / 0.417 / 0.069 / 0.050 / 0.164 / -0.072 / 0.686 / 0.139 / -0.046 / -0.251 / -0.598
N / 0.002 / 0.003 / 0.001 / 0.165 / 0.120 / 0.521 / 0.056 / 0.056 / 0.679 / 0.884 / 0.000 / 0.048 / 0.002 / 0.638 / 0.088 / 0.308 / 0.015 / -0.146 / 0.098 / 0.003 / 0.607 / -0.227 / -0.151 / -0.126 / -0.705
P / 0.592 / 0.122 / 0.077 / 0.073 / 0.365 / 0.917 / 0.130 / 0.039 / 0.306 / 0.241 / 0.077 / 0.632 / 0.004 / 0.002 / -0.710 / 0.282 / 0.363 / 0.394 / 0.431 / 0.247 / 0.782 / 0.284 / -0.318 / -0.376 / -0.319
N/P / 0.051 / 0.642 / 0.626 / 0.340 / 0.801 / 0.629 / 0.805 / 0.356 / 0.319 / 0.086 / 0.527 / 0.246 / 0.356 / 0.705 / 0.000 / -0.081 / -0.461 / -0.643 / -0.467 / -0.322 / -0.434 / -0.615 / 0.297 / 0.364 / -0.172
K / 0.503 / 0.845 / 0.202 / 0.762 / 0.043 / 0.610 / 0.473 / 0.673 / 0.575 / 0.708 / 0.520 / 0.991 / 0.060 / 0.175 / 0.216 / 0.728 / -0.164 / 0.241 / 0.095 / -0.267 / 0.246 / -0.043 / -0.271 / -0.347 / -0.686
Ca / 0.606 / 0.712 / 0.659 / 0.103 / 0.309 / 0.423 / 0.304 / 0.012 / 0.165 / 0.040 / 0.918 / 0.883 / 0.765 / 0.949 / 0.106 / 0.036 / 0.479 / 0.534 / 0.100 / -0.067 / -0.040 / -0.120 / -0.277 / -0.158 / -0.029
Mg / 0.193 / 0.693 / 0.600 / 0.322 / 0.671 / 0.488 / 0.907 / 0.327 / 0.595 / 0.441 / 0.532 / 0.489 / 0.829 / 0.527 / 0.077 / 0.002 / 0.293 / 0.013 / 0.174 / 0.045 / 0.106 / 0.292 / -0.182 / -0.205 / -0.198
gs / 0.859 / 0.844 / 0.459 / 0.036 / 0.366 / 0.570 / 0.444 / 0.657 / 0.850 / 0.464 / 0.519 / 0.898 / 0.444 / 0.700 / 0.074 / 0.050 / 0.706 / 0.692 / 0.490 / 0.713 / 0.627 / 0.732 / 0.336 / -0.791 / 0.772
Aa / 0.811 / 0.809 / 0.641 / 0.225 / 0.640 / 0.099 / 0.348 / 0.792 / 0.516 / 0.462 / 0.670 / 0.872 / 0.737 / 0.991 / 0.323 / 0.192 / 0.284 / 0.793 / 0.858 / 0.000 / 0.661 / 0.787 / 0.603 / -0.145 / 0.710
Am / 0.415 / 0.020 / 0.005 / 0.032 / 0.227 / 0.165 / 0.058 / 0.329 / 0.431 / 0.675 / 0.004 / 0.184 / 0.000 / 0.010 / 0.000 / 0.082 / 0.342 / 0.880 / 0.684 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.670 / 0.342 / -0.288 / 0.191
PNUE / 0.126 / 0.587 / 0.597 / 0.173 / 0.832 / 0.128 / 0.427 / 0.710 / 0.544 / 0.738 / 0.666 / 0.797 / 0.607 / 0.399 / 0.286 / 0.011 / 0.874 / 0.659 / 0.273 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.005 / 0.570 / -0.366 / 0.585
PPUE / 0.640 / 0.349 / 0.555 / 0.688 / 0.962 / 0.311 / 0.738 / 0.152 / 0.912 / 0.539 / 0.507 / 0.256 / 0.861 / 0.562 / 0.214 / 0.246 / 0.292 / 0.282 / 0.483 / 0.188 / 0.010 / 0.179 / 0.021 / -0.042 / 0.805
WUEi / 0.598 / 0.962 / 0.402 / 0.065 / 0.241 / 0.704 / 0.712 / 0.421 / 0.506 / 0.162 / 0.502 / 0.828 / 0.237 / 0.618 / 0.124 / 0.138 / 0.159 / 0.530 / 0.413 / 0.000 / 0.499 / 0.183 / 0.163 / 0.873 / -0.765
δ13C / 0.813 / 0.976 / 0.080 / 0.796 / 0.219 / 0.814 / 0.949 / 0.862 / 0.766 / 0.677 / 0.212 / 0.089 / 0.156 / 0.077 / 0.485 / 0.713 / 0.089 / 0.950 / 0.670 / 0.072 / 0.114 / 0.717 / 0.222 / 0.054 / 0.076
See Table 1 for the trait abbreviations
Bold numbers indicate significant correlations between pairs of traits
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TableS5Foliar nutrient status of the Chinese savannaspecies
Nutrient concentration(mg g–1) / Ratio to N (%)Chinese savanna species / Reference deficient concentration / Chinese savanna species / Reference critical ratio
N / 17.6 / 12–15 / 100
P# / 1.16 / 1.2–1.5 / 7 / 10
K / 10.7 / 3.5–5.0 / 62 / 33
Ca / 13.6 / 0.4–0.6 / 80 / 4
Mg / 2.57 / 0.4–0.6 / 15 / 4
#Comparison of foliar nutrient concentrations of Chinese savanna species with reference deficient concentrations and critical ratios of nutrients to N setbyBrække and Salih (2002) indicates that among the five foliar nutrients measured here only P limits photosynthesis for Chinese savanna species
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Dataset S1 Means for species from Chinese savanna and other tropical dry and wet communities
Species / TUE / TP / TS / TLE / RPS / SD / GCL / SPI / LA / LS / LT / LD / SLA / N / P / N/P / K / Ca / Mg / gs / Aa / Am / PNUE / PPUE / WUEi / δ13C / ReferencesChinese savanna
Antidesma bunius / 55.0 / 149 / 249 / 16.0 / 0.60 / 245 / 34.6 / 0.29 / 20 / 2.08 / 502 / 188 / 106 / 15.1 / 1.17 / 12.8 / 14.3 / 11.5 / 3.88 / 0.24 / 13.3 / 61 / This study
Bridelia stipularia / 171 / 557 / 105 / 0.16 / 11.5 / 122 / 76
Buchanania latifolia / 48.3 / 87 / 90 / 11.7 / 0.96 / 977 / 16.0 / 0.25 / 130 / 2.36 / 236 / 537 / 79 / 13.3 / 0.77 / 17.1 / 7.1 / 13.9 / 1.34 / 0.15 / 12.1 / 95 / 101 / 3.84 / 84 / -27.6
Callicarpa nudiflora / 21.3 / 48 / 23 / 8.8 / 2.04 / 617 / 13.8 / 0.12 / 83 / 2.05 / 100 / 651 / 154 / 23.5 / 1.47 / 16.2 / 13.3 / 7.9 / 2.72 / 0.33 / 15.8 / 242 / 144 / 5.10 / 48
Carissa spinarum / -28.3
Crotalaria linifolia / -26.4
Cyclobalanopsis helferuana / 25.0 / 88 / 81 / 17.5 / 1.09 / 384 / 29.1 / 0.32 / 22 / 3.02 / 333 / 448 / 67 / 15.4 / 0.74 / 21.0 / 5.3 / 4.4 / 1.38 / 0.28 / 17.6 / 117 / 106 / 4.88 / 62 / -28.5
Dendrolobium triangulare / 12.9 / 57 / 35 / 12.1 / 1.61 / 528 / 11.6 / 0.07 / 18 / 2.19 / 116 / 668 / 129 / 26.5 / 1.56 / 17.1 / 11.8 / 14.3 / 1.48 / 0.26 / 14.4 / 166 / 88 / 3.29 / 57
Ehretia corylifolia / 21.4 / 136 / 79 / 13.2 / 1.72 / 311 / 20.0 / 0.12 / 38 / 1.68 / 300 / 417 / 80 / 14.9 / 1.11 / 13.5 / 11.4 / 15.7 / 3.60 / 0.23 / 10.2 / 82 / 77 / 2.29 / 47
Eriobotrya henryi / 344 / 382 / 76 / 0.20 / 14.0 / 106 / 72
Ficus semicordata / 22.1 / 85 / 61 / 8.8 / 1.37 / 632 / 15.2 / 0.15 / 129 / 2.35 / 176 / 494 / 115 / 22.3 / 1.57 / 14.6 / 12.9 / 26.6 / 2.96 / 0.41 / 15.8 / 181 / 3.57 / 40
Fraxinus malacophylla / 21.4 / 123 / 70 / 31.4 / 1.89 / 522 / 20.8 / 0.23 / 15 / 2.74 / 242 / 470 / 88 / 16.6 / 0.90 / 18.6 / 15.7 / 5.5 / 1.29 / 0.20 / 12.5 / 111 / 93 / 3.82 / 64
Gochnotia decora / 38.0 / 99 / 84 / 19.5 / 1.16 / 287 / 27.4 / 0.22 / 65 / 2.15 / 238 / 456 / 92 / 14.9 / 0.75 / 20.0 / 15.4 / 8.4 / 1.73 / 0.22 / 10.2 / 93 / 88 / 3.84 / 47
Grewia celtidifolia / 23.8 / 73 / 51 / 11.3 / 1.41 / 1076 / 10.8 / 0.12 / 75 / 1.96 / 159 / 664 / 95 / 15.3 / 1.06 / 14.4 / 13.4 / 16.3 / 5.10 / 0.21 / 13.9 / 130 / 120 / 3.81 / 68
Haldina cordifolia / 30.0 / 49 / 51 / 12.5 / 0.95 / 310 / 25.5 / 0.20 / 185 / 1.04 / 151 / 535 / 124 / 16.9 / 1.28 / 13.7 / 10.2 / 12.0 / 2.44 / 0.26 / 13.6 / 161 / 134 / 3.90 / 56
Lannea coromandelica / 41.0 / 80 / 74 / 16.0 / 1.08 / 566 / 12.8 / 0.09 / 44 / 2.12 / 210 / 454 / 105 / 20.8 / 1.88 / 11.1 / 10.7 / 10.0 / 1.79 / 0.27 / 15.4 / 181 / 122 / 2.99 / 60
Morus australis / 37.5 / 88 / 75 / 16.3 / 1.16 / 209 / 25.0 / 0.13 / 133 / 1.24 / 217 / 427 / 108 / 17.6 / 1.97 / 8.9 / 7.1 / 47.6 / 5.21
Olea cuspidate / -27.9
Osteomeles schwerinae / -28.5
Phyllanthus emblica / -27.5
Pistacia weinmannifolia / 20.0 / 124 / 88 / 13.3 / 1.43 / 694 / 16.8 / 0.19 / 2 / 3.98 / 235 / 444 / 96 / 16.9 / 1.06 / 16.6 / 12.1 / 11.0 / 2.23 / -27.9
Pittosporum kerrii / 236 / 411 / 103 / 0.17 / 10.5 / 108 / 64
Polyalthia cerasoides / 23.0 / 67 / 78 / 20.8 / 0.85 / 282 / 22.4 / 0.14 / 57 / 2.78 / 188 / 407 / 131 / 22.9 / 1.27 / 18.0 / 12.5 / 8.4 / 2.43 / 0.12 / 8.9 / 116 / 71 / 2.83 / 79
Psidium guajava / 222 / 513 / 88 / 0.25 / 12.6 / 111 / 50
Quercus aliena / 16.3 / 80 / 63 / 15.6 / 1.27 / 768 / 20.8 / 0.33 / 59 / 2.82 / 175 / 595 / 96 / 20.7 / 1.00 / 21.0 / 6.1 / 8.1 / 0.96 / 0.18 / 12.7 / 122 / 83 / 3.78 / 74
Quercus cocciferoides / 183 / 586 / 93 / 0.19 / 9.9 / 91 / 54
Smilax ferox / 29.5 / 139 / 106 / 19.0 / 1.32 / 179 / 28.8 / 0.15 / 47 / 1.26 / 286 / 246 / 142 / 14.5 / 0.89 / 16.3 / 8.2 / 10.4 / 1.48
Symplocos racemosa / 36.7 / 83 / 182 / 20.0 / 0.47 / 254 / 18.8 / 0.09 / 30 / 2.09 / 315 / 453 / 70 / 13.9 / 0.73 / 19.2 / 4.8 / 27.1 / 2.69 / 0.18 / 13.0 / 92 / 92 / 3.89 / 74 / -28.3
Terminalia franchetii / 160 / 619 / 101 / 0.21 / 10.4 / 105 / 49
Terminthia paniculata / 25.8 / 103 / 54 / 20.8 / 1.79 / 396 / 23.1 / 0.21 / 22 / 3.63 / 204 / 539 / 91 / 19.9 / 0.99 / 20.4 / 13.6 / 10.4 / 2.80 / 0.13 / 11.8 / 107 / 76 / 3.36 / 90 / -26.4
Vitex negundo / 21 / 2.88
Wendlandia tinctoria / 40.8 / 113 / 95 / 19.2 / 1.18 / 579 / 23.8 / 0.33 / 38 / 3.27 / 265 / 414 / 91 / 14.6 / 1.22 / 12.2 / 9.5 / 5.5 / 3.16 / 0.23 / 15.0 / 138 / 133 / 3.51 / 65 / -27.7
Woodfordia fruticosa / 39.2 / 149 / 112 / 18.3 / 1.35 / 598 / 19.9 / 0.24 / 13 / 4.18 / 310 / 394 / 82 / 13.6 / 1.05 / 13.0 / 9.4 / 11.3 / 3.22 / 0.32 / 17.8 / 146 / 150 / 4.32 / 55 / -28.3
Other tropical savannas
Styrax ferrugineus / 176 / Hao et al. 2008
Hymenaea stignocarpa / 145
Myrsine guianensis / 194
Symplocos lanceolata / 145
Miconia pohliana / 184
Aegiphila lhotzkiana / 96
Schefflera macrocarpa / 34 / Bucci et al. 2004
Styrax ferrugineus / 51
Kielmeyera coriaceae / 59
Ouratea hexasperma / 60
Byrsonima crassifolia / 0.22 / 6.0 / 27 / -30.2 / Goldstein et al. 1989
Curatella americana / 0.30 / 6.0 / 20 / -29.1
Palicourea rigida / -26.7
Bowdichia virgilioides / -28.3
Casearia sylvestris / -30.1
Cochlospermum gillivraei / 0.35 / 5.5 / 16 / -28.2
Genipa caruto / 0.30 / 4.0 / 13 / -29.6
Godmania macrocarpa / -28.6
Godmania macrocarpa / 83 / 18.5 / 154 / Medina and Francisco 1994
Curatella americana / 99 / 12.5 / 134
Andira humilis / 84 / 11.8 / 99
Eriotheca gradilipes / 72 / 11.1 / 80
Anacardium nanum / 88 / 11.1 / 97
Aegiphyla lhoizkiana / 83 / 9.4 / 78 / Prado and de Moreas 1997
Annona coriacea / 67 / 9.3 / 62
Aspidosperma tomentosa / 71 / 10.2 / 72
Bauhinia holophylla / 70 / 10.4 / 73
Bowdichia virgilioides / 60 / 9.2 / 55
Campomanesia aromatica / 67 / 10.5 / 70
Caryocar brasiliense / 85 / 9.4 / 80
Connarus suberosus / 68 / 12.2 / 82
Davilla rugosa / 60 / 10.2 / 61
Didymopanax vinosum / 68 / 17.6 / 119
Duguetia furfuracea / 60 / 9.7 / 58
Gochnatia floribunda / 60 / 16.2 / 96
Kielmeyera coriacea / 49 / 10.5 / 51
Miconia albicans / 65 / 12.9 / 84
Miconia ligustroides / 76 / 14.0 / 107
Piptocarpa rotundifolia / 63 / 12.3 / 77
Qualea dichotoma / 70 / 10.9 / 76
Styrax camporum / 48 / 8.1 / 39
Tibouchina stenocarpa / 74 / 19.8 / 146
Tocoyena formosa / 63 / 6.5 / 41
Ficus racemosa / 72 / 180 / 361 / 152 / 24.1 / 1.74 / 13.9 / 16.4 / 250 / 145 / 4.45 / Prior et al. 2003
Ficus scobina / 39 / 300 / 275 / 120 / 30.1 / 1.86 / 16.2 / 12.3 / 152 / 71 / 2.53
Mallotus nesophilus / 42 / 240 / 311 / 132 / 22.4 / 1.47 / 15.2 / 13.2 / 175 / 109 / 3.69
Melaleuca leucadendra / 24 / 450 / 336 / 67 / 10.5 / 0.82 / 12.8 / 18.7 / 129 / 172 / 4.88
Terminalia microcarpa / 41 / 190 / 424 / 120 / 22.8 / 1.68 / 13.6 / 13.3 / 167 / 103 / 3.08
Wrightia pubescens / 27 / 200 / 268 / 192 / 32.4 / 1.64 / 19.8 / 9.6 / 182 / 79 / 3.44
Brachychiton megaphyllus / 304 / 310 / 323 / 102 / 20.2 / 1.27 / 15.9 / 10.6 / 108 / 75 / 2.64
Buchanania obovata / 157 / 370 / 450 / 61 / 11.5 / 0.72 / 16.0 / 10.6 / 64 / 78 / 2.76
Erythrophleum chlorostachys / 22 / 210 / 477 / 100 / 22.8 / 0.81 / 28.1 / 10.9 / 110 / 68 / 4.21
Eucalyptus tetrodonta / 85 / 380 / 476 / 55 / 7.1 / 0.33 / 21.5 / 11.1 / 62 / 122 / 5.82
Planchonia careya / 68 / 230 / 360 / 119 / 18.2 / 1.11 / 16.4 / 10.6 / 127 / 98 / 3.55
Syzygium suborbiculare / 63 / 370 / 378 / 72 / 12.0 / 0.63 / 19.0 / 11.1 / 82 / 96 / 4.03
Terminalia ferdinandiana / 121 / 260 / 397 / 99 / 15.1 / 0.90 / 16.8 / 9.4 / 94 / 87 / 3.24
Callitris intratropica / 45 / 11.1 / 0.69 / 16.1 / 7.8 / 36 / 45 / 1.62
Cochlospermum fraseri / 82 / 160 / 387 / 167 / 17.6 / 0.80 / 22.0 / 9.4 / 157 / 125 / 6.08
Corymbia foelscheana / 91 / 410 / 541 / 45 / 7.8 / 0.37 / 21.1 / 12.9 / 59 / 106 / 4.94
Melaleuca viridiflora / 24 / 560 / 417 / 43 / 7.7 / 0.37 / 20.8 / 14.1 / 61 / 111 / 5.11
Planchonia careya / 64 / 250 / 411 / 99 / 16.0 / 0.85 / 18.8 / 10.2 / 100 / 88 / 3.65
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. bleeseri / 45 / 420 / 301 / 79 / 11.6 / 0.64 / 18.1 / 8.3 / 66 / 80 / 3.20
Terminalia ferdinandiana / 166 / 280 / 439 / 83 / 15.2 / 0.81 / 18.8 / 12.9 / 108 / 99 / 4.13
Xanthostemon paradoxus / 102 / 360 / 387 / 73 / 11.5 / 0.49 / 23.5 / 11.7 / 85 / 103 / 5.38
Acacia auriculiformis / 40 / 250 / 415 / 95 / 24.8 / 1.20 / 20.7 / 14.4 / 136 / 77 / 3.51
Lophostemon lactifluus / 54 / 290 / 421 / 83 / 9.6 / 0.49 / 19.6 / 8.4 / 68 / 99 / 4.30
Melaleuca viridiflora / 32 / 480 / 466 / 44 / 6.1 / 0.28 / 21.8 / 14.1 / 64 / 147 / 7.09
Planchonia careya / 90 / 12.0 / 14.0 / 126 / 147
Terminalia ferdinandiana / 107 / 15.8 / 15.6 / 161 / 143
Eucalytpus tetrodonta / 63 / 6.8 / 16.4 / 105 / 215
E. miniata / 74 / 8.6 / 16.1 / 119 / 194
Syzygium suborbiculare / 87 / 11.9 / 10.5 / 92 / 107
Cochlospermum fraseri / 200 / 17.7 / 12.4 / 248 / 196 / Eamus et al. 1999
Planchonia careya / 101 / 13.5 / 10.8 / 110 / 114
Terminalia ferdinandiana / 102 / 13.6 / 10.7 / 109 / 112
Erythrophleum chlorostachys / 109 / 22.0 / 13.6 / 149 / 95
Eucalyptus clavgera / 72 / 10.4 / 12.0 / 86 / 116
Xanthostemon parodoxus / 125 / 11.0 / 11.9 / 149 / 190
Eucalyptus miniata / 81 / 17.0 / 11.6 / 131 / 108
Eucalyptus tetrodonta / 73 / 9.1 / 15.3 / 100 / 154
Lowland tropical rainforest
Aiouea saligna / 23.0 / 96 / 73 / 10.5 / 1.31 / 26 / 214 / Boeger et al. 2004
Alchornea triplinervia / 14.6 / 75 / 52 / 12.5 / 1.44 / 46 / 165
Amaioua guianensis / 20.9 / 48 / 96 / 10.5 / 0.50 / 42 / 176
Andira anthelminthica / 23.0 / 71 / 48 / 12.5 / 1.48 / 16 / 155
Aniba firmula / 20.9 / 125 / 144 / 20.9 / 0.87 / 37 / 343
Annona cacans / 25.1 / 69 / 86 / 12.5 / 0.80 / 52 / 192
Aparisthmium cordatum / 8.4 / 21 / 42 / 10.5 / 0.50 / 143 / 88
Byrsonima ligustrifolia / 31.4 / 73 / 153 / 20.9 / 0.48 / 4 / 278
Blepharocalyx salicifolius / 14.6 / 79 / 77 / 12.5 / 1.03 / 12 / 184
Cabralea canjerana / 16.7 / 36 / 88 / 12.5 / 0.40 / 20 / 153
Calophyllum brasiliense / 23.0 / 42 / 146 / 16.7 / 0.29 / 31 / 231
Calyptranthes concinna / 25.1 / 130 / 266 / 16.7 / 0.49 / 6 / 437
Calyptranthes lucida / 12.5 / 44 / 231 / 10.5 / 0.19 / 36 / 317
Campomanesia guaviroba / 18.8 / 67 / 84 / 8.4 / 0.80 / 26 / 180
Clethra scabra / 14.4 / 101 / 120 / 48.8 / 0.84 / 32 / 288
Clusia criuva / 135.8 / 110 / 300 / 29.6 / 0.37 / 26 / 543
Coccoloba warmingii / 35.5 / 77 / 52 / 14.6 / 1.48 / 231 / 163
Conomorpha peruviana / 25.1 / 48 / 121 / 14.6 / 0.40 / 14 / 214
Copaifera trapezifolia / 16.7 / 29 / 44 / 16.7 / 0.67 / 22 / 107
Cupania oblongifolia / 25.1 / 21 / 86 / 10.5 / 0.24 / 93 / 142
Drymys brasiliensis / 31.4 / 136 / 151 / 37.6 / 0.90 / 18 / 343
Endlicheria paniculata / 31.4 / 105 / 223 / 29.3 / 0.47 / 30 / 403
Erythroxylum vaciniifolium / 33.4 / 38 / 130 / 12.5 / 0.29 / 4 / 213
Esembeckia grandiflora / 25.1 / 56 / 206 / 18.8 / 0.27 / 33 / 309
Eugenia cerasiflora / 12.5 / 44 / 176 / 12.5 / 0.25 / 40 / 249
Eugenia obovata / 20.9 / 84 / 79 / 10.5 / 1.05 / 18 / 283
Eugenia subavenia / 48.1 / 117 / 274 / 20.9 / 0.43 / 6 / 454
Eugenia tristis / 10.5 / 0 / 301 / 10.5 / 0.00 / 14 / 326
Eugenia umbelliflora / 12.5 / 38 / 223 / 10.5 / 0.17 / 35 / 283
Faramea marginata / 14.6 / 40 / 96 / 6.3 / 0.41 / 26 / 157
Garcinia gardneriana / 16.7 / 36 / 171 / 12.5 / 0.21 / 28 / 236
Gomidesia affinis / 14.6 / 61 / 102 / 10.5 / 0.59 / 17 / 188
Gomidesia schaueriana / 62.7 / 90 / 326 / 10.5 / 0.28 / 25 / 506
Guarea macrophylla / 25.1 / 65 / 159 / 16.7 / 0.41 / 30 / 266
Guatteria australis / 27.2 / 52 / 65 / 20.9 / 0.81 / 16 / 165
Heisteria silvianii / 23.0 / 42 / 169 / 14.6 / 0.25 / 33 / 274
Hieronyma alchorneoides / 32.8 / 83 / 133 / 20.0 / 0.63 / 106 / 285
Ilex dumosa / 23.0 / 138 / 119 / 18.8 / 1.16 / 8 / 300
Ilex interregima / 37.6 / 300 / 257 / 25.1 / 1.17 / 63 / 634
Ilex pseudobuxus / 20.9 / 125 / 69 / 10.5 / 1.82 / 5 / 268
Ilex theezans / 54.3 / 240 / 317 / 25.1 / 0.76 / 40 / 608
Manilkara subsericea / 58.5 / 125 / 128 / 10.5 / 0.98 / 32 / 317
Maprounea guianensis / 23.0 / 52 / 77 / 23.0 / 0.68 / 6 / 173
Marlierea eugeniopsoides / 12.5 / 94 / 194 / 12.5 / 0.48 / 27 / 309
Marlierea reitzii / 16.7 / 42 / 184 / 10.5 / 0.23 / 30 / 266
Matayba guianensis / 35.5 / 61 / 82 / 25.1 / 0.74 / 43 / 203
Maytenus robusta / 27.2 / 113 / 115 / 18.8 / 0.98 / 8 / 274
Miconia cabuçu / 23.0 / 33 / 107 / 10.5 / 0.31 / 227 / 173
Miconia cubatanensis / 12.5 / 31 / 52 / 8.4 / 0.60 / 14 / 105
Miconia hymenonervia / 14.6 / 113 / 446 / 8.4 / 0.25 / 19 / 583
Miconia sellowiana / 12.5 / 29 / 100 / 8.4 / 0.29 / 21 / 146
Mollinedia uleana / 73.2 / 59 / 146 / 20.9 / 0.40 / 38 / 300
Mouriri chamissoniana / 33.4 / 84 / 171 / 12.5 / 0.49 / 40 / 283
Myrceugenia campestris / 25.1 / 105 / 202.7 / 10.5 / 4 / 343
Myrceugenia reitzii / 14.6 / 113 / 446 / 8.4 / 0.25 / 56 / 583
Myrcia acuminatissima / 12.5 / 36 / 86 / 6.3 / 0.41 / 15 / 140
Myrcia fallax / 18.8 / 67 / 105 / 12.5 / 0.64 / 14 / 219
Nectandra grandiflora / 27.2 / 100 / 136 / 14.6 / 0.74 / 21 / 278
Nectandra megapotamica / 25.1 / 90 / 109 / 10.5 / 0.83 / 19 / 231
Nectandra oppositifolia / 13.6 / 103 / 65 / 23.2 / 1.60 / 73 / 210
Ocotea aciphylla / 25.1 / 63 / 111 / 14.6 / 0.57 / 29 / 213
Ocotea dispersa / 20.9 / 5 / 125 / 16.7 / 0.04 / 30 / 231
Ocotea elegans / 16.7 / 36 / 140 / 12.5 / 0.25 / 13 / 326
Ocotea glaziovii / 25.1 / 84 / 115 / 12.5 / 0.73 / 19 / 231
Ocotea odorifera / 14.6 / 84 / 121 / 8.4 / 0.69 / 38 / 274
Ocotea pulchella / 50.2 / 69 / 140 / 14.6 / 0.49 / 8 / 283
Ocotea pulchra / 23.0 / 75 / 115 / 14.6 / 0.65 / 19 / 223
Oreopanax capitatum / 41.8 / 0 / 0 / 14.6 / 51 / 223
Ormosia arborea / 25.1 / 46 / 79 / 16.7 / 0.58 / 130 / 167
Ouratea parviflora / 18.8 / 31 / 73 / 16.7 / 0.43 / 15 / 142
Pera glabrata / 27.2 / 113 / 167 / 20.9 / 0.68 / 21 / 334
Pithecellobium langsdorffii / 16.7 / 73 / 71 / 16.7 / 1.03 / 7 / 178
Pouteria beaurepairei / 25.1 / 29 / 113 / 20.9 / 0.26 / 31 / 188
Pouteria venosa / 14.6 / 21 / 88 / 10.5 / 0.24 / 59 / 130
Protium kleini / 15.2 / 68 / 116 / 25.6 / 0.58 / 20 / 263
Prunus sellowii / 25.1 / 130 / 136 / 20.9 / 0.95 / 16 / 317
Psidium catlteyanum / 75.2 / 161 / 230 / 16.7 / 0.70 / 23 / 488
Rapanea ferruginea / 20.9 / 88 / 117 / 14.6 / 0.75 / 9 / 231
Rapanea venosa / 41.8 / 69 / 223 / 35.5 / 0.31 / 30 / 360
Rudgea villiiflora / 46.0 / 61 / 360 / 33.4 / 0.17 / 34 / 497
Sloanea guianensis / 8.4 / 25 / 92 / 8.4 / 0.27 / 58 / 134
Solanum inaequale / 14.6 / 21 / 48 / 14.6 / 0.43 / 22 / 98
Styrax glabratus / 20.9 / 36 / 69 / 10.5 / 0.52 / 34 / 132
Tapirira guianensis / 27.2 / 167 / 115 / 18.8 / 1.45 / 17 / 300
Ternstroemia brasiliensis / 23.2 / 184 / 333 / 40.8 / 0.55 / 23 / 598
Tetrastylidium grandifolium / 20.9 / 38 / 178 / 12.5 / 0.21 / 65 / 249
Virola oleifera / 27.4 / 87 / 100 / 19.2 / 0.87 / 22 / 249
Weinmannia paulliniifolia / 29.3 / 159 / 121 / 14.6 / 1.31 / 3 / 326
Xylopia brasiliensis / 18.8 / 92 / 65 / 14.6 / 1.42 / 6 / 190
Apeiba membranaceae / 89 / 25.8 / 1.12 / 23.0 / 12.9 / 0.47 / 15.0 / 133 / 72 / 3.69 / 32 / Santiago and Wright 2006
Aspidosperma cruentum / 65 / 20.4 / 0.84 / 24.3 / 8.9 / 0.23 / 10.1 / 66 / 45 / 2.43 / 44
Brosimum utile / 68 / 18.2 / 1.04 / 17.5 / 7.7 / 0.32 / 11.4 / 78 / 60 / 2.31 / 36
Calophyllum longifolium / 39 / 12.1 / 0.72 / 16.8 / 6.6 / 0.31 / 11.1 / 43 / 50 / 1.86 / 36
Carapa guianensis / 49 / 13.7 / 0.86 / 15.9 / 5.0 / 0.21 / 10.1 / 49 / 50 / 1.78 / 48
Cecropia insignis / 91 / 17.1 / 1.24 / 13.8 / 11.4 / 0.48 / 15.7 / 143 / 117 / 3.58 / 33
Cecropia obtusifolia / 267 / 41.6 / 3.04 / 13.7 / 23.8 / 0.56 / 13.1 / 351 / 118 / 3.58 / 23
Dussia munda / 89 / 21.1 / 1.14 / 18.5 / 11.4 / 0.48 / 11.9 / 106 / 70 / 2.88 / 25
Jacaranda copaia / 97 / 25.5 / 1.21 / 21.1 / 11.8 / 0.54 / 16.3 / 158 / 87 / 4.04 / 30
Lonchocarpus latifolius / 69 / 18.4 / 1.06 / 17.4 / 10.9 / 0.44 / 14.9 / 103 / 78 / 3.01 / 34
Manilkara bidentata / 58 / 16.5 / 0.83 / 19.9 / 8.5 / 0.22 / 13.4 / 78 / 66 / 2.91 / 61
Miconia borealis / 104 / 22.0 / 1.30 / 16.9 / 15.3 / 0.60 / 15.2 / 158 / 101 / 3.77 / 25
Nectandra purpurea / 68 / 17.8 / 0.77 / 23.1 / 6.9 / 0.34 / 10.8 / 74 / 58 / 2.96 / 32
Ochroma pyrmidale / 155 / 21.4 / 1.49 / 14.4 / 15.7 / 0.58 / 14.5 / 225 / 147 / 4.67 / 25
Oenocarpus mapora / 89 / 20.5 / 1.27 / 16.1 / 7.1 / 0.19 / 7.6 / 68 / 46 / 1.66 / 40
Pourouma bicolor / 70 / 20.0 / 1.24 / 16.1 / 11.1 / 0.51 / 15.8 / 111 / 77 / 2.76 / 31
Simarouba amara / 57 / 17.4 / 0.65 / 26.8 / 6.6 / 0.41 / 13.8 / 79 / 63 / 3.75 / 34
Socratea exorrhiza / 68 / 19.9 / 1.24 / 16.0 / 6.5 / 0.34 / 11.3 / 77 / 54 / 1.92 / 33
Tapirira guianensis / 71 / 15.4 / 0.88 / 17.5 / 5.8 / 0.41 / 13.0 / 92 / 84 / 3.25 / 32
Trema micrantha / 127 / 20.9 / 0.87 / 24.0 / 9.3 / 0.54 / 13.4 / 170 / 114 / 6.05 / 25
Vochysia ferruginea / 88 / 17.3 / 1.00 / 17.3 / 7.6 / 0.65 / 15.8 / 139 / 112 / 4.30 / 24
Acalypha skutchii / 42.0 / 52 / 48 / 14.0 / 1.08 / 90 / 2.20 / 156 / 167 / 383 / 25.8 / 2.13 / 12.1 / 11.1 / Bongers and Popma 1990
Aegiphila costaricensis / 12.0 / 38 / 96 / 8.0 / 0.40 / 179 / 13.0 / 0.03 / 65 / 2.70 / 154 / 276 / 235 / 15.5 / 2.12 / 7.3 / 14.7
Allophyllus campostachis / 20.0 / 90 / 110 / 14.0 / 0.82 / 97 / 23.0 / 0.05 / 15 / 2.80 / 234 / 457 / 93 / 11.3 / 1.28 / 8.8 / 9.1
Amphitecna tuxtlensis / 177 / 20.0 / 0.07 / 62 / 3.80 / 119 / 14.3 / 1.11 / 12.8 / 13.1
Astrocaryum mexicanum / 105 / 26.0 / 0.07 / 87 / 26.30 / 134 / 16.7 / 1.59 / 10.5 / 12.6
Bactris trichophylla / 82 / 36.0 / 0.11 / 101 / 9.00 / 182 / 15.4 / 1.08 / 14.2 / 16.8
Brosimum alicastrum / 40.0 / 32 / 48 / 20.0 / 0.67 / 37 / 2.50 / 140 / 454 / 157 / 21.3 / 1.30 / 16.4 / 12.8
Bursera simaruba / 36.0 / 54 / 52 / 18.0 / 1.04 / 483 / 19.0 / 0.17 / 15 / 2.50 / 160 / 530 / 118 / 15.1 / 1.01 / 15.0 / 6.2
Capparis baduca / 20.0 / 44 / 102 / 14.0 / 0.43 / 57 / 17.0 / 0.02 / 38 / 2.40 / 180 / 309 / 180 / 16.3 / 1.00 / 16.3 / 21.0
Casearea nitida / 18.0 / 32 / 82 / 10.0 / 0.39 / 140 / 27.0 / 0.10 / 41 / 2.90 / 142 / 442 / 159 / 20.9 / 0.84 / 24.9 / 17.6
Cecropia obtusifolia / 26.0 / 80 / 40 / 8.0 / 2.00 / 142 / 17.0 / 0.04 / 1648 / 154 / 510 / 127 / 22.1 / 1.22 / 18.1 / 6.9
Chamaedorea schiedeana / 78 / 30.0 / 0.07 / 67 / 4.10 / 239 / 17.7 / 1.41 / 12.5 / 14.4
Chamaedorea tepejilote / 188 / 29.0 / 0.16 / 140 / 9.90 / 244 / 22.0 / 2.07 / 10.6 / 12.7
Clarisa biflora / 38.0 / 48 / 84 / 20.0 / 0.57 / 2344 / 5.0 / 0.06 / 21 / 2.60 / 190 / 559 / 94 / 21.0 / 1.14 / 18.4 / 8.2
Coccoloba barbadensis / 26.0 / 142 / 108 / 14.0 / 1.31 / 132 / 33.0 / 0.14 / 41 / 2.30 / 290 / 356 / 97 / 11.0 / 0.93 / 11.8 / 11.0
Cordia megalantha / 20.0 / 148 / 264 / 10.0 / 0.56 / 339 / 23.0 / 0.18 / 51 / 1.70 / 442 / 193 / 117 / 21.4 / 1.37 / 15.6 / 8.8
Croton schiedeanus / 14.0 / 64 / 84 / 10.0 / 0.76 / 297 / 13.0 / 0.05 / 28 / 2.60 / 172 / 381 / 153 / 19.2 / 1.54 / 12.4 / 10.1
Cupania dentata / 20.0 / 76 / 54 / 12.0 / 1.41 / 986 / 14.0 / 0.19 / 22 / 2.40 / 162 / 713 / 87 / 15.0 / 0.96 / 15.6 / 7.8
Cymbopetaium beillonii / 20.0 / 100 / 120 / 12.0 / 0.83 / 366 / 14.0 / 0.07 / 100 / 3.20 / 252 / 437 / 91 / 13.2 / 2.10 / 6.3 / 8.1
Cynometra retusa / 22.0 / 80 / 190 / 18.0 / 0.42 / 332 / 22.0 / 0.16 / 13 / 2.70 / 310 / 417 / 77 / 11.9 / 0.94 / 12.7 / 8.9
Dendropanax arboreus / 36.0 / 72 / 122 / 16.0 / 0.59 / 233 / 31.0 / 0.22 / 43 / 2.50 / 246 / 382 / 106 / 9.0 / 1.39 / 6.4 / 10.3
Dialium guianense / 20.0 / 84 / 64 / 10.0 / 1.31 / 442 / 19.0 / 0.16 / 8 / 2.60 / 178 / 465 / 121 / 16.9 / 1.17 / 14.4 / 3.4
Dussia mexicana / 36.0 / 64 / 34 / 22.0 / 1.88 / 2280 / 7.0 / 0.11 / 36 / 2.40 / 156 / 523 / 123 / 15.8 / 1.34 / 11.8 / 8.6
Erythrina folkersii / 20.0 / 92 / 38 / 16.0 / 2.42 / 1422 / 9.0 / 0.12 / 131 / 1.40 / 166 / 292 / 207 / 27.8 / 1.51 / 18.4 / 14.7
Faramea occidentalis / 24.0 / 92 / 134 / 12.0 / 0.69 / 188 / 23.0 / 0.10 / 18 / 2.80 / 262 / 331 / 115 / 12.4 / 0.83 / 14.9 / 5.1
Ficus colubrinae / 56.0 / 110 / 170 / 12.0 / 0.65 / 167 / 23.0 / 0.09 / 30 / 1.70 / 348 / 380 / 76 / 10.8 / 0..85 / 8.8
Ficus insipida / 60.0 / 106 / 100 / 20.0 / 1.06 / 113 / 32.0 / 0.12 / 68 / 2.30 / 286 / 365 / 96 / 17.3 / 1.26 / 13.7 / 9.3
Guarea glabra / 16.0 / 120 / 90 / 10.0 / 1.33 / 485 / 14.0 / 0.10 / 98 / 2.60 / 236 / 486 / 87 / 17.5 / 1.05 / 16.7 / 8.9
Guarea grandifolia / 48.0 / 86 / 180 / 14.0 / 0.48 / 153 / 29.0 / 0.13 / 112 / 2.80 / 328 / 308 / 99 / 16.0 / 1.81 / 8.8 / 13.6
Hampea nutricia / 32.0 / 112 / 98 / 22.0 / 1.14 / 490 / 25.0 / 0.31 / 180 / 1.10 / 264 / 232 / 163 / 21.1 / 1.95 / 10.8 / 14.6
Heliocarpus appendiculatus / 16.0 / 68 / 42 / 10.0 / 1.62 / 299 / 24.0 / 0.17 / 171 / 1.10 / 136 / 381 / 193 / 21.2 / 1.69 / 12.5 / 7.0
Inga sp / 22.0 / 88 / 86 / 8.0 / 1.02 / 413 / 24.0 / 0.24 / 109 / 2.40 / 204 / 452 / 108 / 24.7 / 0.97 / 25.5 / 7.3
Lonchocarpus guatemalensis / 34.0 / 118 / 94 / 14.0 / 1.26 / 328 / 26.0 / 0.22 / 27 / 2.10 / 260 / 374 / 103 / 24.8 / 1.12 / 22.1 / 6.2
Lunania mexicana / 10.0 / 42 / 62 / 8.0 / 0.68 / 504 / 17.0 / 0.15 / 36 / 2.40 / 122 / 451 / 182 / 15.0 / 1.55 / 9.7 / 13.7
Mortoniodendron guatemalense / 18.0 / 48 / 104 / 8.0 / 0.46 / 597 / 11.0 / 0.07 / 9 / 2.40 / 178 / 557 / 101 / 15.1 / 0.86 / 17.6 / 7.2
Myriocarpa longipes / 34.0 / 86 / 80 / 24.0 / 1.08 / 285 / 27.0 / 0.21 / 182 / 1.80 / 224 / 240 / 186 / 14.5 / 1.15 / 12.6 / 8.6
Nectandra ambigens / 33 / 3.20 / 73 / 16.9 / 1.04 / 16.3 / 3.5
Omphalea oleifera / 56.0 / 46 / 160 / 18.0 / 0.29 / 128 / 29.0 / 0.11 / 408 / 1.10 / 280 / 251 / 142 / 25.3 / 2.31 / 11.0 / 9.0
Orthion oblanceolatum / 32.0 / 70 / 68 / 8.0 / 1.03 / 430 / 26.0 / 0.29 / 22 / 3.20 / 178 / 392 / 143 / 15.9 / 2.59 / 6.1 / 11.0
Piper amalago / 42.0 / 32 / 64 / 38.0 / 0.50 / 134 / 27.0 / 0.10 / 26 / 2.30 / 176 / 373 / 152 / 21.3 / 1.41 / 15.1 / 17.0
Piper auritum / 22.0 / 30 / 118 / 16.0 / 0.25 / 1445 / 7.0 / 0.07 / 538 / 1.60 / 186 / 199 / 270 / 32.2 / 2.17 / 14.8 / 22.9
Piper hispidum / 40.0 / 44 / 90 / 24.0 / 0.49 / 177 / 35.0 / 0.22 / 59 / 3.10 / 198 / 327 / 154 / 23.0 / 1.76 / 13.1 / 12.7
Pleuranthodendron lindenii / 18.0 / 100 / 84 / 10.0 / 1.19 / 390 / 15.0 / 0.09 / 23 / 2.10 / 212 / 471 / 100 / 13.9 / 1.22 / 11.4 / 10.4
Poulsenia armata / 50.0 / 110 / 106 / 20.0 / 1.04 / 382 / 25.0 / 0.24 / 204 / 1.20 / 286 / 411 / 85 / 16.7 / 2.02 / 8.3 / 19.2
Pouteria durlandii / 16.0 / 62 / 108 / 12.0 / 0.57 / 130 / 25.0 / 0.08 / 28 / 3.20 / 198 / 655 / 77 / 15.9 / 0.70 / 22.7 / 5.9
Poulsenia sp / 16.0 / 66 / 96 / 12.0 / 0.69 / 181 / 17.0 / 0.05 / 17 / 2.40 / 190 / 486 / 108 / 10.7 / 0.71 / 15.0 / 6.1
Pseudolmedia oxyphyllaria / 30.0 / 52 / 66 / 18.0 / 0.79 / 126 / 9.0 / 0.01 / 31 / 3.60 / 166 / 520 / 116 / 10.4 / 0.68 / 15.2 / 10.4
Psychotria chiapensis / 65 / 2.90 / 186 / 17.9 / 1.04 / 17.2 / 16.4
Psychotria faxlucens / 50.0 / 46 / 130 / 10.0 / 0.35 / 142 / 23.0 / 0.08 / 28 / 2.30 / 236 / 233 / 182 / 13.8 / 0.66 / 20.9 / 10.3
Psychotria flava / 72.0 / 92 / 108 / 20.0 / 0.85 / 184 / 32.0 / 0.19 / 145 / 2.80 / 292 / 376 / 91 / 10.9 / 0.69 / 15.8 / 7.4
Psychotria simiarum / 28.0 / 62 / 38 / 16.0 / 1.63 / 115 / 29.0 / 0.10 / 30 / 2.20 / 144 / 294 / 236 / 16.1 / 0.70 / 23.0 / 8.5
Pterocarpus rohrii / 64.0 / 66 / 114 / 16.0 / 0.58 / 349 / 21.0 / 0.15 / 25 / 2.00 / 260 / 368 / 104 / 18.7 / 1.73 / 10.8 / 5.5
Quararibea guatemalteca / 28.0 / 42 / 68 / 12.0 / 0.62 / 459 / 27.0 / 0.33 / 20 / 2.70 / 150 / 397 / 168 / 13.5 / 1.61 / 8.4 / 20.8
Rheedia edulis / 142 / 42.0 / 0.25 / 160 / 2.90 / 75 / 7.5 / 0.79 / 9.5 / 6.7
Robinsonella mirandea / 22.0 / 56 / 36 / 16.0 / 1.56 / 589 / 7.0 / 0.03 / 81 / 1.30 / 130 / 462 / 167 / 19.5 / 1.81 / 10.8 / 6.7
Saprathus microcarpus / 24.0 / 60 / 116 / 14.0 / 0.52 / 177 / 23.0 / 0.09 / 33 / 2.30 / 214 / 211 / 221 / 17.4 / 1.23 / 14.1 / 13.1
Spondias radlkoferi / 28.0 / 66 / 100 / 10.0 / 0.66 / 473 / 11.0 / 0.06 / 47 / 1.80 / 204 / 353 / 139 / 14.2 / 1.12 / 12.7 / 6.4
Stemmadenia donnell-smithii / 18.0 / 70 / 90 / 16.0 / 0.78 / 1313 / 10.0 / 0.13 / 49 / 2.70 / 194 / 274 / 188 / 22.4 / 1.20 / 18.7 / 13.9
Trema micrantha / 28.0 / 86 / 44 / 14.0 / 1.95 / 496 / 16.0 / 0.13 / 61 / 2.00 / 172 / 334 / 174 / 22.9 / 1.51 / 15.2 / 8.0
Trichilia martiana / 12.0 / 36 / 82 / 12.0 / 0.44 / 153 / 19.0 / 0.06 / 36 / 2.20 / 142 / 428 / 164 / 21.7 / 1.77 / 12.3 / 13.4
Trichospermum mexicanum / 40.0 / 46 / 74 / 14.0 / 0.62 / 299 / 17.0 / 0.09 / 28 / 2.50 / 174 / 557 / 103 / 18.1 / 1.11 / 16.3 / 9.7
Trophis mexicana / 14.0 / 66 / 82 / 12.0 / 0.80 / 603 / 11.0 / 0.07 / 13 / 2.80 / 174 / 367 / 157 / 16.9 / 1.14 / 14.8 / 8.7
Turpina occidentalis / 46.0 / 82 / 106 / 16.0 / 0.77 / 388 / 11.0 / 0.05 / 26 / 2.80 / 250 / 324 / 123 / 11.2 / 0.76 / 14.7 / 7.1
Urera caracasana / 22.0 / 28 / 60 / 10.0 / 0.47 / 306 / 5.0 / 0.01 / 100 / 2.20 / 120 / 479 / 174 / 28.3 / 2.10 / 13.5 / 10.6
Urera elata / 48.0 / 52 / 38 / 12.0 / 1.37 / 473 / 24.0 / 0.27 / 57 / 2.60 / 150 / 263 / 254 / 13.7 / 1.03 / 13.3 / 13.7
Vatairea lundellii / 20.0 / 72 / 46 / 12.0 / 1.57 / 217 / 18.0 / 0.07 / 20 / 3.10 / 150 / 576 / 116 / 15.5 / 0.76 / 20.4 / 5.3
VOchysia guatemalensis / 44.0 / 106 / 132 / 14.0 / 0.80 / 628 / 23.0 / 0.33 / 49 / 2.90 / 296 / 380 / 89 / 10.6 / 0.75 / 14.1 / 3.2
Zanthoxylum kellermanii / 24.0 / 68 / 94 / 14.0 / 0.72 / 208 / 28.0 / 0.16 / 31 / 2.90 / 200 / 326 / 153 / 20.8 / 2.39 / 8.7 / 11.8
Anisoptera costata / 18.9 / 52 / 72 / 13.0 / 0.73 / 383 / 15.8 / 0.10 / 80 / 2.67 / 156 / 419 / 154 / 26.8 / 1.51 / 17.7 / 6.7 / 0.28 / 13.7 / 210 / 110 / 4.30 / 49 / Zhang and Cao 2009
Dipterocarpus alatus / 26.6 / 55 / 113 / 23.4 / 0.49 / 560 / 17.3 / 0.17 / 161 / 1.46 / 218 / 487 / 94 / 22.1 / 1.27 / 17.5 / 4.8 / 0.56 / 20.3 / 191 / 122 / 4.68 / 36
D. intricatus / 48.3 / 79 / 149 / 23.3 / 0.53 / 929 / 20.3 / 0.38 / 241 / 2.89 / 299 / 546 / 66 / 16.2 / 1.08 / 15.0 / 4.2 / 0.32 / 14.7 / 105 / 97 / 3.18 / 46
D. retusus / 31.8 / 56 / 98 / 24.0 / 0.58 / 315 / 23.6 / 0.17 / 401 / 1.86 / 213 / 506 / 94 / 19.4 / 1.40 / 13.9 / 5.0 / 0.29 / 14.0 / 132 / 96 / 2.92 / 48
D. tuberculatus / 35.0 / 64 / 122 / 35.1 / 0.53 / 481 / 23.8 / 0.27 / 831 / 3.83 / 256 / 418 / 93 / 18.5 / 1.12 / 16.6 / 5.9 / 0.34 / 18.9 / 177 / 135 / 3.89 / 56
D. turbinatus / 34.3 / 44 / 95 / 21.2 / 0.48 / 378 / 18.9 / 0.14 / 285 / 1.44 / 193 / 521 / 99 / 19.0 / 1.17 / 16.3 / 4.2 / 0.34 / 16.1 / 158 / 117 / 4.21 / 48
Hopea chinensis / 22.3 / 45 / 88 / 13.4 / 0.52 / 471 / 16.5 / 0.13 / 27 / 5.12 / 167 / 438 / 125 / 22.0 / 1.21 / 18.1 / 5.4 / 0.17 / 9.9 / 124 / 78 / 3.16 / 58
H. hainanensis / 18.8 / 63 / 116 / 15.4 / 0.54 / 329 / 18.7 / 0.11 / 56 / 3.11 / 211 / 465 / 102 / 20.0 / 1.38 / 14.5 / 5.2 / 0.16 / 10.1 / 102 / 72 / 2.29 / 63
H. hongayensis / 16.8 / 40 / 83 / 11.6 / 0.49 / 469 / 15.5 / 0.11 / 65 / 5.75 / 151 / 343 / 192 / 19.8 / 1.32 / 15.2 / 6.0 / 0.10 / 6.1 / 118 / 84 / 2.78 / 61
H. mollissima / 14.7 / 34 / 64 / 10.8 / 0.54 / 417 / 18.7 / 0.15 / 51 / 2.87 / 124 / 734 / 114 / 19.6 / 1.33 / 15.3 / 4.3 / 0.12 / 7.2 / 82 / 58 / 1.92 / 60
Parashorea chinensis / 20.7 / 63 / 29 / 9.5 / 2.24 / 598 / 17.9 / 0.19 / 41 / 3.44 / 123 / 424 / 192 / 21.7 / 1.66 / 13.1 / 7.7 / 0.24 / 8.3 / 159 / 103 / 2.98 / 35
Shorea assamica / 16.6 / 63 / 66 / 12.0 / 0.97 / 251 / 17.2 / 0.07 / 70 / 3.75 / 157 / 412 / 154 / 19.3 / 1.17 / 16.5 / 6.7 / 0.24 / 10.7 / 165 / 120 / 4.39 / 44
Shorea robusta / 24.0 / 93 / 97 / 15.0 / 0.97 / 714 / 16.9 / 0.20 / 89 / 4.31 / 226 / 415 / 106 / 19.2 / 1.19 / 16.3 / 8.7 / 0.26 / 17.2 / 184 / 134 / 4.80 / 66
S. sp. / 23.6 / 103 / 118 / 14.4 / 0.87 / 396 / 17.4 / 0.12 / 33 / 1.26 / 259 / 434 / 89 / 18.9 / 0.99 / 19.3 / 7.0 / 0.18 / 9.7 / 89 / 68 / 2.32 / 55
Vatica guangxiensis / 14.5 / 59 / 51 / 12.5 / 1.17 / 412 / 18.1 / 0.13 / 87 / 5.80 / 137 / 597 / 123 / 17.0 / 0.86 / 17.1 / 3.5 / 0.09 / 5.1 / 64 / 54 / 2.31 / 57
V. mangachapoi / 22.5 / 71 / 94 / 14.0 / 0.77 / 380 / 21.2 / 0.17 / 36 / 5.35 / 202 / 474 / 105 / 17.8 / 1.16 / 15.5 / 5.7 / 0.15 / 9.3 / 97 / 76 / 2.59 / 62
V. xishuangbannaensis / 14.0 / 59 / 53 / 12.1 / 1.13 / 502 / 19.6 / 0.19 / 52 / 3.01 / 138 / 592 / 122 / 18.6 / 1.01 / 18.7 / 4.2 / 0.15 / 7.3 / 89 / 67 / 2.73 / 49
See Table 1 for the abbreviations and units of leaf traits measured in this study
For authorities consult the Tropicos database (
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