Syllabus for GENDER and EMPLOYMENT (SOC

Syllabus for GENDER AND EMPLOYMENT (SOC 794D)

Spring Session 2007, 9:00 – 11:30am Monday

W36 Machmer Hall

Professor: Michelle Budig

Office: W33cd Machmer, Office Hours: 11am – 1pm Wednesday and by appointment

Telephone: 545-5972 e-mail:

COURSE GOALS:

1. To provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for understanding economic inequality by gender in the United States. Students should be able to articulate how the respective theories contribute to our understanding of economic inequality by gender and are expected to offer critiques of each of the theoretical perspectives we cover.

2. To introduce students to the empirical literature on labor market inequality in the United States. Students should be able to describe current trends, including the overall growth in income and wage inequality that occurred in the 1980s in the U.S., and the current gap in income and wages.

3. To push forward the research agendas of the students in the class by working towards a publishable paper or fundable grant proposal.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

1. Required Readings:

a) Because Course Packets have become prohibitively expensive, most articles will be available electronically, through my Udrive account to which you will each be given access. [UDRIVE ACCESS]

b) Chapters from books and non-electronic articles will be on reserve (3-day reserve) at the DuBois Library for this course. [LIBRARY RESERVE]

c) Required and recommended books are available at the Textbook Annex. One copy of each book below is also on reserve (3-day reserve) at the DuBois Library for this course. [LIBRARY RESERVE]

REQUIRED BOOKS

Folbre, Nancy. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. New York: Routledge.

Nelson, Robert L. and William P. Bridges. 1999. Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for Women in America. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.

Reskin, Barbara and Patricia Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues. TempleUniversity.

RECOMMENDED (not required) BOOKS:

England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

England, Paula. 1993. Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Hochschild, Arlie. 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home.New York: Viking.

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald. Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation.Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Ward, Kathryn. 1990. Women Workers and Global Restructuring. Ithaca, NY: CornellUniversity Press.

1. Term Paper and Presentation:

Each student will work on a paper or proposal relevant to gender and/or employment during the semester. Students should orient their work toward either a publishable paper or a research grant proposal. Papers or grant proposals begun previously may be used if substantial progress is made on the paper/proposal during the semester. Projects begun during the semester should culminate in an all-but-the-data-analysis term paper (with proposed plan for conducting the research). Projects will be graded as follows:

1- Page summary of proposed term paper (due 2/11)5% of final grade

Full outline of proposed paper (due 3/4)5%

First draft of paper (due 4/1)5%

Class Presentation of term paper (5/14)15%

Final paper (due 5/17)40%

1. Peer Review

You will write a review of another student’s draft of her/his term paper (due 4/24) and share comments one-on-one in class (4/29). Your review will count as 15% of your final grade.

1. Discussion Leader

Each student will prepare and lead two class discussions from two different topics on the course schedule. This involves a very brief presentation of the main points of the reading, unanswered questions you have about the topic, and provocative questions for further class discussion on the readings or topic more broadly. Each class discussion will count as 5% of the final grade (for a total of 10%).

1. Class Participation

Class attendance, preparation and attendance are expected. Participation will count as 5% of your final grade.

COURSE SCHEDULE

Jan 29: Theoretical background

Fiske, Susan T. 1998. “Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination.” Pp. 357-411 in Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by D.T. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, and G.Lindzey, New York: McGraw Hill. LIBRARY RESERVE

Martin, Patricia Y. 2004. “Gender as an Institution.” Social Forces. 82:1249-73. UDRIVE ACCESS

Nelson, Robert L. and William P. Bridges. 1999. Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for Women in America. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press. Ch. 1, 2, 3, and 9. LIBRARY RESERVE

Ridgeway, Cecilia. 1997. “Interaction and the Conservation of Gender Inequality: Considering Employment.” American Sociological Review 62:218-35. UDRIVE ACCESS

Feb 5: 1-page summary of proposed project for term paper due

Gender Gap in Pay and Poverty, Trends

Bernhardt, Annette, Martina Morris, and Mark S. Handcock. 1995. “Women’s Gains of Men’s Losses? A Closer Look at the Shrinking Gender Gap in Earnings.” American Journal of Sociology 101(2):302-28. UDRIVE ACCESS

Blau, Francine. 1998. “Trends in the Well-Being of American Women, 1970-1995.” Journal of Economic Literature 36(March):112-65. UDRIVE ACCESS

McLanahan, Sarah, Sorensen, and Watson. 1989. “Sex Differences in Poverty, 1950-1980.” Signs 15(1):102-22. UDRIVE ACCESS

Roth, Louise Marie. 2003. “Selling Women Short: Gender Differences in Compensation on Wall Street.” Social Forces 82(2):783-802. UDRIVE ACCESS

Feb 12:Stratification and Exclusion:

Elliott, James and Ryan Smith. 2004. “Race, Gender, & Workplace Power.” American Sociological Review 69(3):365-86. UDRIVE ACCESS

Hartmann, Heidi. 1976. “Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex," Signs 1(3) part 2. UDRIVE ACCESS

Reskin, Barbara. 2003. “Including Mechanisms in Our Models of Ascriptive Inequality.” American Sociological Review 68(1):1-21. UDRIVE ACCESS

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald and Sheryl Skaggs. 1999. “An Establishment-Level Test of the Statistical Discrimination Hypothesis.” Work and Occupations 26(4):422-45. UDRIVE ACCESS

Kathryn Ward. 1990. “Introduction.” Pp. 1-22 in Kathryn Ward’s (ed.) Women Workers and Global Restructuring. Ithaca, NY: CornellUniversity Press. LIBRARY RESERVE

Recommended

Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. “Work, Family, and Black Women’s Oppression.” Chap. 3 in Black Feminist Thought. Harper and Collins.

Feb 19: HOLIDAY

Feb 26: Economic (Wo)Man – Neo-Classical Economic Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Feminism

England, Paula and Barbara Kilbourne. 1990. "Feminist Critiques of the Separative Model of Self: Implications for Rational Choice Theory." Rationality and Society 2(2):154-69. UDRIVE ACCESS

Comment and Reply to England & Kilbourne 1990:

Friedman, Debra and Carol Diem. 1990. “Comments on England and Kilbourne.” Rationality and Society 2(4): 517-21. UDRIVE ACCESS

England, Paula and Barbara Kilbourne. 1990. "Does Rational Choice Theory Assume a Separative Self? Response to Friedman and Diem." Rationality and Society 2(4):522-25. UDRIVE ACCESS

Friedman, Debra and Carol Diem. 1993. “Feminism and the Pro-(Rational-) Choice Movement: Rational Choice Theory, Feminist Critiques, and Gender Inequality.” Pp. 91-114 in Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory, Paula England, editor. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. LIBRARY RESERVE

England, Paula and Michelle J. Budig. 1998. “Gary Becker on the Family: His Genius, Impact, and Blind Spots” Pp. 99-111 in Required Reading: Sociology’s Most Influential Books, edited by Dan Clawson. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. LIBRARY RESERVE

March 5: full outline of project for term paper due

Gender Differences in Education

Bradley, Karen. 2000. “The Incorporation of Women into Higher Education: Paradoxical Outcomes?” Sociology of Education, 73(1):1-18. UDRIVE ACCESS

Correll, Shelley. 2001. “Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self-Assessments.” American Journal of Sociology 106(6):1691-1730. UDRIVE ACCESS

Jacobs, Jerry. 1995. “Gender and Academic Specialties: Trends Among Recipients of College Degrees in the 1980s.” Sociology of Education 68:81-98. UDRIVE ACCESS

Leahey, Erin, and Guang Guo. 2001. “Gender Differences in Mathematical Trajectories.” Social Forces 80(2):713-32. UDRIVE ACCESS

McCall, Leslie. 2000. “Gender and the New Inequality: Explaining the College/Non-College Wage Gap.” American Sociological Review 65(2):234-55. UDRIVE ACCESS

March 12:Occupational Gender Segregation

England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Ch. 1 and 7. LIBRARY RESERVE

Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 1992 "From Servitude to Service Work: historical continuity in the racial division of paid reproductive labor." Signs 18(1):1-43. UDRIVE ACCESS

Kaufman, Robert. 2002. “Assessing Alternative Perspectives on Race and Sex Employment Segregation.” ASR 67:547-72. UDRIVE ACCESS

Reskin, Barbara and Patricia Roos. Job Queues, Gender Queues. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 15. LIBRARY RESERVE

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald. Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation.Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. pp. 3-17. LIBRARY RESERVE

Weeden, Kim. 2002. “Why Do Some Occupations Pay More Than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality In The United States.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 55-101. UDRIVE ACCESS

March 19: SPRING BREAK

March 26: Gender and Social/Employment Networks

Campbell, Karen E. 1988. “Gender Differences in Job-Related Networks.” Work and Occupations 15:179-200. LIBRARY RESERVE

Drentea, Patricia. 1998. Consequences ofWomen's Formal and Informal Job Search Methods for Employment in Female-Dominated JobsGender and Society 12(3):321-38. UDRIVE ACCESS

Huffman, Matt and Lisa Torres. 2002. “It’s Not Only ‘Who You Know’ That Matters: Gender, Personal Contacts, and Job Leads.” Gender and Society 16(6):793-813. UDRIVE ACCESS

Moore, Gwen. 1990. "Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks." American Sociological Review 55(5):726-35. UDRIVE ACCESS

Munch, Allison, Miller McPherson, and Lynn Smith-Lovin. 1997. "Gender, Children, and Social Contact: The Effects of Childrearing for Men and Women." American Sociology Review 62:509-20. UDRIVE ACCESS

Smith-Lovin, Lynn and Miller McPherson. 1993. “You Are Who You Know: A Network Approach to Gender.” Pp. 223-251 in Theory on Gender, Feminism on Theory, Paula England, editor. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. LIBRARY RESERVE

Recommended

Ibarra, H. 1993. "Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework.” Academy of Management Review 18:46-87.

April 2: Gendered Organizations

Acker, Joan. 1990. “Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations," Gender and Society 4(2): 139-58. UDRIVE ACCESS

------. 1998. “The Future of ‘Gender and Organizations’: Connections and Boundaries.” Gender, Work and Organization 5(4): 195-206. UDRIVE ACCESS

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books. Chapters 6-9. LIBRARY RESERVE

Martin, Patricia Yancey and David L. Collinson. 2002. “ ‘Over the Pond’ and ‘Across the Water’: Developing the Field of “Gendered Organizations”.” Gender, Work and Organization 9(3): 244-65. UDRIVE ACCESS

Recommended

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1976. “The Impact of Hierarchical Structures on the Work Behavior of Women and Men.” Social Problems 23(4):415-30. UDRIVE ACCESS

Martin, Patricia Yancey and David L. Collinson. 1999. “Gender and Sexuality in Organizations.” Pp. 285-310 in Revisioning Gender edited by Myra Marx Ferree, Judith Lorber and Beth B. Hess. Thousand Oaks: Sage

Britton, Dana M. 2000. “The Epistemology of the Gendered Organization.” Gender & Society 14(3): 418-35.

April 9: Devaluation of “Feminine” Skills

England, Paula, Michelle J. Budig, and Nancy Folbre. 2002. “Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work.” Social Problems. UDRIVE ACCESS

Reskin, Barbara. 1988. "Bringing the Men Back In: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women's Work," Gender & Society 2:58-81. UDRIVE ACCESS

Steinberg, Ronnie. 1990. “The Social Construction of Skill: Gender, Power, and Comparable Worth.” Work and Occupations 17:449-82. LIBRARY RESERVE

Tam, Tony. 1997. "Sex Segregation and Occupational Gender Inequality in the United States." American Journal of Sociology 102:1652-92. UDRIVE ACCESS

England, Paula, Joan M. Hermsen, and David A. Cotter. 2000. “The Devaluation of Women's Work: A Comment on Tam.” American Journal of Sociology 105(6):1741-51. UDRIVE ACCESS

April 17 (Tuesday): Women and Men in Gender Atypical Jobs: first full draft of term paper due

Cotter, David A, Joan M. Hermsen, Seth Ovadia, and Reeve Vanneman. 2001. “The Glass Ceiling Effect.” Social Forces 80(2):655-82. UDRIVE ACCESS

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. “Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women.” American Journal of Sociology 82(5):965-90. UDRIVE ACCESS

Morgan, Laurie. 1998. “Glass Ceiling Effect or Cohort Effect? A Longitudinal Study of the Gender Earnings Gap for Engineers, 1982 to 1989.” American Sociological Review 63:479-83. UDRIVE ACCESS

Williams, Christine. 1992. “The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the "Female" Professions.” Social Problems 39(3):253-67. UDRIVE ACCESS

Recommended

Budig, Michelle J. 2002. “Male Advantage and the Gender Composition of Jobs: Who Rides the Glass Escalator?” Social Problems 49(2):258-77. UDRIVE ACCESS

April 24: Gendered Family Effects on Employment

Budig, Michelle J., and Paula England. 2001. “The Wage Penalty for Motherhood.” American Sociological Review 66:204-25. UDRIVE ACCESS

Cohen, Philip N. and S. M. Bianchi. 1999. "Marriage, Children, and Women's Employment: What Do We Know?" Monthly Labor Review 122(12):22-31.

Cooper, Marianne. 2000. “Being the “Go-to-Guy”: Fatherhood, Masculinity, and the Organization of work in Silicon Valley.” Qualitative Sociology 23(4):379-405. UDRIVE ACCESS

Folbre, Nancy. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. New York: Routledge. Intro, 1-3, 7. LIBRARY RESERVE

Hochschild, Arlie. 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking. Ch. 1& 17. LIBRARY RESERVE

Apr 31: Gender and Work in the Academy

Bellas, Marcia L. 1993. “Faculty Salaries: Still a Cost of Being Female?” Social Science Quarterly 74(1):62-75. UDRIVE ACCESS

Misra, Joya, Ivy Kennelly, and Marina Karides. 1999. “Employment Chances in the Academic Job Market in Sociology: Do Race and Gender Matter? Sociological Perspectives 42(2):215-48. UDRIVE ACCESS

Tolbert, Pamela S. 1986. “Organization and Inequality: Sources of Earnings Differences between Male and Female Faculty.” Sociology of Education 59:227-35. UDRIVE ACCESS

Xie, Yu and Kimberlee A. Shauman. 1998. “Sex Difference in Research Productivity: New Evidence about an Old Puzzle.” American Sociological Review 63:847-70. UDRIVE ACCESS

May 7: Social Policy, Gender, and Economic Inequality: reviewer comments due

Bielby, William T. 2000. “How to Minimize Workplace Gender and Racial Bias.” Contemporary Sociology 29:120-29. UDRIVE ACCESS

England, Paula and Dana Dunn. 1988. "Evaluating Work and Comparable Worth." Annual Review of Sociology14:227-48. UDRIVE ACCESS

Kelly, Erin and Frank Dobbin. 1999. “Civil Rights Law at Work: Sex Discrimination and the Rise of Maternity Leave Policies.” American Journal of Sociology. 105:455-92. UDRIVE ACCESS

Stryker, Robin. 2001. “Disparate Impact and the Quota Debates: Law, Labor Market Sociology, and Equal Employment Policies.” The Sociological Quarterly 42(1):13-46. LIBRARY RESERVE

Discussion of comments given and received on first draft of term paper

May 14: Student Presentations

May 18: Final paper due by 5pm

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