Supplemetarytable 1. Top 10 Eggplant Producers in the World, 2007

SupplemetaryTable 1. Top 10 eggplant producers in the world, 2007

Country / Area (ha) / Production (tons) / Yield
(tons/ha) / % of World Production
China / 1,200,000 / 18,000,000 / 15.00 / 56.2
India / 512,800 / 8,450,200 / 16.47 / 26.4
Bangladesh / 57,747 / 339,795 / 5.80 / 1.1
Indonesia / 53,000 / 390,000 / 7.35 / 1.2
Egypt / 43,000 / 1,000,000 / 23.25 / 3.1
Turkey / 30,000 / 791,190 / 26.37 / 2.5
Iraq / 22,000 / 380,000 / 17.27 / 1.2
Philippines / 21,000 / 198,000 / 9.42 / 0.6
Italy / 12,059 / 271,358 / 22.50 / 0.8
Japan / 12,000 / 375,000 / 31.25 / 1.2

Source of data: Choudhary, B. and K. Gaur. 2009. The Development and Regulation of BtBrinjal in India (Eggplant/Aubergine). ISAAA Brief No. 38. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.

SupplemetaryTable 2. Top 10 eggplant producing provinces in the Philippines, 2011

Province / Area (ha) / Production (tons) / Yield
(tons/ha) / % of Total Production
Philippines / 21,377.2 / 207,994.0 / 9.7 / 100.0
Pangasinan / 3,780.0 / 64,122.7 / 17.0 / 30.8
Quezon / 800.0 / 27,467.9 / 34.3 / 13.2
Iloilo / 835.0 / 10,368.0 / 12.4 / 5.0
Isabela / 991.0 / 9,702.2 / 9.8 / 4.7
Cagayan / 726.0 / 7,009.2 / 9.7 / 3.4
Nueva Ecija / 1,547.0 / 6,922.5 / 4.5 / 3.3
Batangas / 750.0 / 6,290.0 / 8.4 / 3.0
Ilocos Norte / 610.6 / 5,641.5 / 9.2 / 2.7
Tarlac / 785.0 / 5,576.3 / 7.1 / 2.7
North Cotabato / 440.0 / 5,443.3 / 12.4 / 2.6

Source: BAS (Bureau of Agricultural Statistics). CountryStat Philippines. Accessed on 3 May 2013.

SupplemetaryTable 3. Selected pesticides used and their target pests, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

Registered Brand Name / Target Pests
Malathion / Sucking and chewing insects on fruits and vegetables, mosquitoes, flies, household insects, animal parasites (ectoparasites), and head and body lice
Prevathon / Stem borers, leaf folders, fruit and shoot borer
Tamaron / Borers, rice fly louses, rice leafhoppers, rice leaf rollers, rice plant skippers, armyworms, cotton red spiders, aphids, mole crickets, mites
Brodan / Ants, ticks, cutworms, chinch bugs, earwigs, grubs, cockroaches, silverfish, spiders, fleas, dog ticks, mosquitoes, termites, Fruit borers, diamond black moth, shoot borer, shoot fly, jassids, hairy caterpillar epilachna grub
Lannate / Borers, leaf miners, caterpillar, looper, weevil, aphid, armyworm, beetle, leafhopper, and thrips

Table 4. Characterization of pesticide residues found in the soil in this study

Pesticide Classa / Descriptiona / Results of Pesticide Residue Analysis in this Study
Hydrophobic, persistent, and bioaccumulable pesticides / These insecticides strongly bound to the soil. Examples are organochlorine DDT, endosulfan, heptachlor, endrin, lindane and their transformation products. Majority of the pesticides includedin this group were already banned but their residues still exist in the environment. / None found in the soil samples in this study.
Polar pesticides / These insecticides move from the soil throughrunoff and leaching, thus may possibly contaminate groundwater. Insecticides that belong to this group are the carbamates, fungicides, some organophosphates, andtheir transformation products. / This study found residues of these insecticides in some soil samples: chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, malathion, profenofos, and triazophos.

a Source: Andreu, V. and Y. Pico. 2004. Determination of pesticides and their degradation products in soil: critical review and comparison of methods. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 23 (10–11):772-789.

Table 5. Insecticide residues found in the soil of 26 eggplant farms,
Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

Types of Insecticide Residue Detected / No. of Farms where Insecticide Residue was Detected / Amount of Insecticide Residue Detected
(range, in ppm) / Maximum Residue Limit
(ppm) / Evaluation of Detected Residue Level / Reference for Maximum Residue Level
Chlorpyrifos / 2 / 0.01 – 0.03 / 0.03 / Within MRL / EPA
Cypermethrin / 2 / 0.02 – 0.03 / 0.05 / Within MRL / EPA
Malathion / 2 / 0.01 – 0.04 / 0.05 / Within MRL / EPA
Profenofos / 3 / 0.01 – 0.10 / 0.05 / One farm exceeded MRL / EPA
Triazophos / 6 / 0.01 – 0.05 / 0.01 / Four farms exceeded MRL / EC
Chlorpyrifos / Non-mobile / Low / Moderate / Volatile / High
Cypermethrin / Non-mobile / Low / Moderate / Moderate / High
Malathion / Moderate / Low / Non-persistent / Volatile / Low
Profenofos / Slightly mobile / Low / Non-persistent / Moderate / Low
Triazophos / Moderate / In transition / Moderate / Moderate / Moderate

EC=European Commission, EPA=US Environmental Protection Agency, ppm=parts per million

The soil and water study adopted the EPA Method 8141A limit of analytical determination (LOD) for analyzing soil and water, and EC’s default LOD maximum residue level (MRL). [Based on EC MRL setting procedures under Regulation 396/2005, the LOD can be set as MRL when no alternative safe level is proposed (HSE 2009).]

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