Supplementary Table 3. Association Between CR1 Genetic Variants and Regional Volume on MRI

Supplementary table 3. Association between CR1 genetic variants and regional volume on MRI

Regions / SNPs / Minor allele / β* / P / FDR-corrected P
baseline / left entorhinal / rs10779339 / T / 7.114 / 0.7621 / 0.9967
baseline / left middle temporal / rs10779339 / T / 83.24 / 0.2576 / 0.4637
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs10779339 / T / 24.91 / 0.2375 / 0.9183
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs10779339 / T / 26.52 / 0.2921 / 0.7156
baseline / left precuneus / rs10779339 / T / 11.86 / 0.8324 / 0.9086
baseline / right entorhinal / rs10779339 / T / -16.14 / 0.4987 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs10779339 / T / 94.36 / 0.2314 / 0.2976
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs10779339 / T / 16.23 / 0.3817 / 0.5726
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs10779339 / T / 26.29 / 0.2722 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs10779339 / T / 8.591 / 0.882 / 0.9782
2-year / left entorhinal / rs10779339 / T / -0.02221 / 0.1065 / 0.278
2-year / left middle temporal / rs10779339 / T / 0.007133 / 0.1677 / 0.3019
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs10779339 / T / -0.01587 / 0.07181 / 0.6463
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs10779339 / T / -0.005873 / 0.227 / 0.4086
2-year / left precuneus / rs10779339 / T / -0.0009189 / 0.8738 / 0.8738
2-year / right entorhinal / rs10779339 / T / 0.02355 / 0.08077 / 0.2423
2-year / right middle temporal / rs10779339 / T / 0.002823 / 0.5656 / 0.8484
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs10779339 / T / 0.01179 / 0.1127 / 0.3801
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs10779339 / T / 0.004217 / 0.4772 / 0.4966
2-year / right precuneus / rs10779339 / T / 0.003979 / 0.4895 / 0.7342
baseline / left amygdala / rs10779339 / T / 3.351 / 0.8058 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs10779339 / T / -7.852 / 0.7995 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs10779339 / T / 1.46 / 0.9145 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs10779339 / T / -16.78 / 0.5865 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs10779339 / T / 0.02287 / 0.008966 / 0.0807
2-year / left hippocampus / rs10779339 / T / 0.01039 / 0.1514 / 0.3408
2-year / right amygdala / rs10779339 / T / 0.0009973 / 0.9063 / 0.952
2-year / right hippocampus / rs10779339 / T / 0.00406 / 0.4328 / 0.779
baseline / left CA1 / rs10779339 / T / 1.222 / 0.6373 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs10779339 / T / 0.2108 / 0.9304 / 0.9304
2-year / left CA1 / rs10779339 / T / 0.003439 / 0.6873 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs10779339 / T / 0.01018 / 0.2291 / 0.4124
baseline / left entorhinal / rs12034383 / G / -42.56 / 0.07373 / 0.3318
baseline / left middle temporal / rs12034383 / G / -216.6 / 0.003563 / 0.01615
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs12034383 / G / -4.638 / 0.8284 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs12034383 / G / 15.07 / 0.5551 / 0.8326
baseline / left precuneus / rs12034383 / G / -73.2 / 0.1974 / 0.8882
baseline / right entorhinal / rs12034383 / G / -1.771 / 0.9417 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs12034383 / G / -236.8 / 0.002962 / 0.02666
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs12034383 / G / -16.56 / 0.3788 / 0.5726
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs12034383 / G / -23.64 / 0.3304 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs12034383 / G / -46.32 / 0.4299 / 0.9595
2-year / left entorhinal / rs12034383 / G / 0.008309 / 0.5301 / 0.6436
2-year / left middle temporal / rs12034383 / G / -0.003536 / 0.4768 / 0.613
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs12034383 / G / 0.01119 / 0.1853 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs12034383 / G / 0.006307 / 0.1762 / 0.3964
2-year / left precuneus / rs12034383 / G / 0.002844 / 0.6083 / 0.6844
2-year / right entorhinal / rs12034383 / G / 0.01081 / 0.4047 / 0.6071
2-year / right middle temporal / rs12034383 / G / 0.003839 / 0.4154 / 0.8196
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs12034383 / G / 0.0006306 / 0.9298 / 0.9298
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs12034383 / G / 0.006102 / 0.2835 / 0.4656
2-year / right precuneus / rs12034383 / G / -0.0006215 / 0.9105 / 0.9105
baseline / left amygdala / rs12034383 / G / 0.9282 / 0.9465 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs12034383 / G / 18.39 / 0.5575 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs12034383 / G / 1.659 / 0.9043 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs12034383 / G / 15.05 / 0.6305 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs12034383 / G / -0.0008691 / 0.9182 / 0.9182
2-year / left hippocampus / rs12034383 / G / 0.01204 / 0.08297 / 0.2489
2-year / right amygdala / rs12034383 / G / 0.006679 / 0.411 / 0.9247
2-year / right hippocampus / rs12034383 / G / 0.008572 / 0.08365 / 0.2723
baseline / left CA1 / rs12034383 / G / -1.385 / 0.598 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs12034383 / G / -0.2345 / 0.9237 / 0.9304
2-year / left CA1 / rs12034383 / G / 0.001798 / 0.8265 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs12034383 / G / 0.01669 / 0.03924 / 0.3181
baseline / left entorhinal / rs2025935 / T / 32.22 / 0.2172 / 0.5371
baseline / left middle temporal / rs2025935 / T / -73.91 / 0.366 / 0.549
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs2025935 / T / 23.99 / 0.3061 / 0.9183
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs2025935 / T / -29.79 / 0.287 / 0.7156
baseline / left precuneus / rs2025935 / T / 7.151 / 0.9086 / 0.9086
baseline / right entorhinal / rs2025935 / T / 20.98 / 0.4288 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs2025935 / T / -43.78 / 0.6177 / 0.6949
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs2025935 / T / 29.34 / 0.1546 / 0.5726
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs2025935 / T / -13.3 / 0.6175 / 0.6175
baseline / right precuneus / rs2025935 / T / 20.82 / 0.7463 / 0.9595
2-year / left entorhinal / rs2025935 / T / 0.006261 / 0.6658 / 0.6658
2-year / left middle temporal / rs2025935 / T / -0.0009629 / 0.8596 / 0.8596
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs2025935 / T / 0.0004764 / 0.9589 / 0.9589
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs2025935 / T / 0.002376 / 0.6423 / 0.6423
2-year / left precuneus / rs2025935 / T / 0.007964 / 0.1894 / 0.6134
2-year / right middle temporal / rs2025935 / T / -0.003571 / 0.8017 / 0.9154
2-year / right entorhinal / rs2025935 / T / -0.005348 / 0.3 / 0.8196
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs2025935 / T / -0.005961 / 0.4465 / 0.5023
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs2025935 / T / 0.004239 / 0.4966 / 0.4966
2-year / right precuneus / rs2025935 / T / 0.007139 / 0.2375 / 0.4275
baseline / left amygdala / rs2025935 / T / 6.685 / 0.659 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs2025935 / T / 16.54 / 0.6303 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs2025935 / T / -2.948 / 0.8454 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs2025935 / T / 25.96 / 0.4491 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs2025935 / T / -0.02043 / 0.02661 / 0.1197
2-year / left hippocampus / rs2025935 / T / 0.001466 / 0.8477 / 0.9536
2-year / right amygdala / rs2025935 / T / -0.01135 / 0.2016 / 0.9247
2-year / right hippocampus / rs2025935 / T / -0.009179 / 0.09075 / 0.2723
baseline / left CA1 / rs2025935 / T / 4.257 / 0.139 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs2025935 / T / 4.344 / 0.1052 / 0.869
2-year / left CA1 / rs2025935 / T / -0.002612 / 0.7716 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs2025935 / T / -0.01135 / 0.2024 / 0.4124
baseline / left entorhinal / rs3737002 / T / 31.31 / 0.2387 / 0.5371
baseline / left middle temporal / rs3737002 / T / 230.9 / 0.005632 / 0.0169
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs3737002 / T / 6.52 / 0.7858 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs3737002 / T / 7.621 / 0.7901 / 0.8889
baseline / left precuneus / rs3737002 / T / 8.214 / 0.8975 / 0.9086
baseline / right entorhinal / rs3737002 / T / -8.505 / 0.7539 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs3737002 / T / 243.3 / 0.006568 / 0.02956
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs3737002 / T / 21 / 0.3198 / 0.5726
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs3737002 / T / 23.98 / 0.3772 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs3737002 / T / 25.31 / 0.7007 / 0.9595
2-year / left entorhinal / rs3737002 / T / -0.02582 / 0.08867 / 0.278
2-year / left middle temporal / rs3737002 / T / 0.008457 / 0.1363 / 0.3019
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs3737002 / T / -0.005677 / 0.5636 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs3737002 / T / -0.008718 / 0.1049 / 0.3964
2-year / left precuneus / rs3737002 / T / -0.006416 / 0.3163 / 0.6134
2-year / right entorhinal / rs3737002 / T / 0.002331 / 0.8764 / 0.9154
2-year / right middle temporal / rs3737002 / T / 0.001317 / 0.8089 / 0.8742
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs3737002 / T / 0.01207 / 0.1433 / 0.3801
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs3737002 / T / -0.01157 / 0.07763 / 0.1747
2-year / right precuneus / rs3737002 / T / -0.001492 / 0.815 / 0.9105
baseline / left amygdala / rs3737002 / T / -1.181 / 0.9391 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs3737002 / T / -14.11 / 0.6877 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs3737002 / T / 2.816 / 0.8554 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs3737002 / T / -19.79 / 0.5729 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs3737002 / T / 0.01065 / 0.2751 / 0.4515
2-year / left hippocampus / rs3737002 / T / -0.002087 / 0.7953 / 0.9536
2-year / right amygdala / rs3737002 / T / 0.002621 / 0.7798 / 0.952
2-year / right hippocampus / rs3737002 / T / 0.00242 / 0.6732 / 0.8655
baseline / left CA1 / rs3737002 / T / 0.1247 / 0.9662 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs3737002 / T / -1.92 / 0.4841 / 0.869
2-year / left CA1 / rs3737002 / T / 0.003971 / 0.6752 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs3737002 / T / -0.006338 / 0.4993 / 0.6393
baseline / left entorhinal / rs3818361 / T / -0.1226 / 0.9967 / 0.9967
baseline / left middle temporal / rs3818361 / T / -63.7 / 0.4972 / 0.5515
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs3818361 / T / -2.299 / 0.9319 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs3818361 / T / 36.34 / 0.2577 / 0.7156
baseline / left precuneus / rs3818361 / T / 48.33 / 0.4988 / 0.9086
baseline / left temporal pole / rs3818361 / T / -14.85 / 0.6256 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs3818361 / T / -169.9 / 0.09095 / 0.1637
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs3818361 / T / -20.76 / 0.3804 / 0.5726
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs3818361 / T / 34.9 / 0.2532 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs3818361 / T / 31.85 / 0.6661 / 0.9595
2-year / left entorhinal / rs3818361 / T / 0.02868 / 0.0926 / 0.278
2-year / left middle temporal / rs3818361 / T / 0.01087 / 0.08952 / 0.2913
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs3818361 / T / 0.01065 / 0.3288 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs3818361 / T / 0.005471 / 0.3644 / 0.4685
2-year / left precuneus / rs3818361 / T / 0.0061 / 0.3947 / 0.6134
2-year / right entorhinal / rs3818361 / T / 0.03828 / 0.02175 / 0.09785
2-year / right middle temporal / rs3818361 / T / 0.008893 / 0.1436 / 0.6464
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs3818361 / T / 0.009094 / 0.3248 / 0.5023
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs3818361 / T / 0.01386 / 0.05872 / 0.1747
2-year / right precuneus / rs3818361 / T / 0.01066 / 0.1345 / 0.3224
baseline / left amygdala / rs3818361 / T / 4.712 / 0.7864 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs3818361 / T / -9.185 / 0.8158 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs3818361 / T / -16.5 / 0.3416 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs3818361 / T / -18.09 / 0.6457 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs3818361 / T / 0.01036 / 0.3425 / 0.4515
2-year / left hippocampus / rs3818361 / T / 0.01714 / 0.05599 / 0.2489
2-year / right amygdala / rs3818361 / T / 0.009009 / 0.3907 / 0.9247
2-year / right hippocampus / rs3818361 / T / 0.0005821 / 0.9278 / 0.9278
baseline / left CA1 / rs3818361 / T / -0.193 / 0.9534 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs3818361 / T / -2.661 / 0.3875 / 0.869
2-year / left CA1 / rs3818361 / T / -0.006817 / 0.5208 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs3818361 / T / 0.018 / 0.08651 / 0.3181
baseline / left entorhinal / rs4844609 / A / 48.06 / 0.4965 / 0.8938
baseline / left middle temporal / rs4844609 / A / -133.4 / 0.5515 / 0.5515
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs4844609 / A / 15.62 / 0.8077 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs4844609 / A / -64.79 / 0.3975 / 0.7156
baseline / left precuneus / rs4844609 / A / -116.7 / 0.4933 / 0.9086
baseline / right entorhinal / rs4844609 / A / -27.35 / 0.7063 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs4844609 / A / 73.24 / 0.7596 / 0.7596
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs4844609 / A / -10.07 / 0.8586 / 0.9659
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs4844609 / A / 85.99 / 0.2383 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs4844609 / A / -168.8 / 0.3384 / 0.9595
2-year / left entorhinal / rs4844609 / A / 0.02805 / 0.5086 / 0.6436
2-year / left middle temporal / rs4844609 / A / 0.007637 / 0.6275 / 0.706
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs4844609 / A / -0.01806 / 0.5046 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs4844609 / A / 0.02121 / 0.1559 / 0.3964
2-year / left precuneus / rs4844609 / A / 0.01994 / 0.2593 / 0.6134
2-year / right entorhinal / rs4844609 / A / 0.04024 / 0.3309 / 0.5956
2-year / right middle temporal / rs4844609 / A / 0.002991 / 0.8404 / 0.8742
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs4844609 / A / 0.0315 / 0.1689 / 0.3801
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs4844609 / A / 0.01451 / 0.4253 / 0.4966
2-year / right precuneus / rs4844609 / A / 0.02463 / 0.1433 / 0.3224
baseline / left amygdala / rs4844609 / A / -11.66 / 0.7785 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs4844609 / A / -99.21 / 0.2912 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs4844609 / A / 1.999 / 0.9615 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs4844609 / A / -85.9 / 0.3591 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs4844609 / A / 0.02132 / 0.4317 / 0.4856
2-year / left hippocampus / rs4844609 / A / 0.02801 / 0.2081 / 0.3745
2-year / right amygdala / rs4844609 / A / 0.01272 / 0.6252 / 0.9421
2-year / right hippocampus / rs4844609 / A / 0.007009 / 0.6569 / 0.8655
baseline / left CA1 / rs4844609 / A / 1.68 / 0.829 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs4844609 / A / -6.806 / 0.3497 / 0.869
2-year / left CA1 / rs4844609 / A / 0.0181 / 0.4909 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs4844609 / A / 0.0148 / 0.5683 / 0.6393
baseline / left entorhinal / rs4844610 / A / 6.27 / 0.8431 / 0.9967
baseline / left middle temporal / rs4844610 / A / -68.1 / 0.4924 / 0.5515
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs4844610 / A / 8.068 / 0.7769 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs4844610 / A / 37 / 0.7245 / 0.8889
baseline / left precuneus / rs4844610 / A / 43.61 / 0.5632 / 0.9086
baseline / right entorhinal / rs4844610 / A / -5.401 / 0.8668 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs4844610 / A / -164.8 / 0.1207 / 0.1811
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs4844610 / A / -0.4373 / 0.9861 / 0.9861
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs4844610 / A / 29 / 0.3677 / 0.485
baseline / right precuneus / rs4844610 / A / 2.131 / 0.9782 / 0.9782
2-year / left entorhinal / rs4844610 / A / 0.02464 / 0.1544 / 0.278
2-year / left middle temporal / rs4844610 / A / 0.01077 / 0.0971 / 0.2913
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs4844610 / A / 0.008403 / 0.4472 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs4844610 / A / 0.006155 / 0.3137 / 0.4685
2-year / left precuneus / rs4844610 / A / 0.009193 / 0.2053 / 0.6134
2-year / right entorhinal / rs4844610 / A / 0.04214 / 0.01259 / 0.09785
2-year / right middle temporal / rs4844610 / A / 0.01059 / 0.08534 / 0.6464
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs4844610 / A / 0.008789 / 0.3464 / 0.5023
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs4844610 / A / 0.01678 / 0.02375 / 0.1747
2-year / right precuneus / rs4844610 / A / 0.01289 / 0.0737 / 0.3224
baseline / left amygdala / rs4844610 / A / 11.67 / 0.5257 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs4844610 / A / -16.22 / 0.6975 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs4844610 / A / -18.78 / 0.306 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs4844610 / A / -28.72 / 0.49 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs4844610 / A / 0.01245 / 0.2604 / 0.4515
2-year / left hippocampus / rs4844610 / A / 0.02196 / 0.01545 / 0.1391
2-year / right amygdala / rs4844610 / A / 0.009123 / 0.3912 / 0.9247
2-year / right hippocampus / rs4844610 / A / 0.001277 / 0.8443 / 0.9278
baseline / left CA1 / rs4844610 / A / 0.4352 / 0.9009 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs4844610 / A / -1.327 / 0.6837 / 0.8791
2-year / left CA1 / rs4844610 / A / -0.004312 / 0.6889 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs4844610 / A / 0.01722 / 0.106 / 0.3181
baseline / left entorhinal / rs6691117 / G / -59.34 / 0.02165 / 0.1948
baseline / left middle temporal / rs6691117 / G / -207.1 / 0.01042 / 0.02344
baseline / left parahippocampl / rs6691117 / G / -7.111 / 0.7597 / 0.9319
baseline / left posterior cingulate / rs6691117 / G / -0.0751 / 0.9978 / 0.9978
baseline / left precuneus / rs6691117 / G / -156 / 0.0113 / 0.1017
baseline / right entorhinal / rs6691117 / G / 6.331 / 0.8097 / 0.9417
baseline / right middle temporal / rs6691117 / G / -179 / 0.03915 / 0.08809
baseline / right parahippocampl / rs6691117 / G / -12.08 / 0.5549 / 0.7134
baseline / right posterior cingulate / rs6691117 / G / -53.42 / 0.04264 / 0.3838
baseline / right precuneus / rs6691117 / G / -103.3 / 0.1051 / 0.9457
2-year / left entorhinal / rs6691117 / G / -0.008424 / 0.5721 / 0.6436
2-year / left middle temporal / rs6691117 / G / -0.01339 / 0.01614 / 0.1452
2-year / left parahippocampl / rs6691117 / G / 0.006487 / 0.4955 / 0.6967
2-year / left posterior cingulate / rs6691117 / G / 0.002534 / 0.6302 / 0.6423
2-year / left precuneus / rs6691117 / G / -0.005162 / 0.4089 / 0.6134
2-year / right entorhinal / rs6691117 / G / -0.016 / 0.2735 / 0.5956
2-year / right middle temporal / rs6691117 / G / -0.003966 / 0.4553 / 0.8196
2-year / right parahippocampl / rs6691117 / G / -0.006374 / 0.4288 / 0.5023
2-year / right posterior cingulate / rs6691117 / G / -0.006504 / 0.3104 / 0.4656
2-year / right precuneus / rs6691117 / G / -0.0117 / 0.05942 / 0.3224
baseline / left amygdala / rs6691117 / G / -7.46 / 0.6194 / 0.9465
baseline / left hippocampus / rs6691117 / G / 28.91 / 0.396 / 0.8158
baseline / right amygdala / rs6691117 / G / 13.43 / 0.3704 / 0.9615
baseline / right hippocampus / rs6691117 / G / 31.85 / 0.3488 / 0.6457
2-year / left amygdala / rs6691117 / G / -0.008878 / 0.3511 / 0.4515
2-year / left hippocampus / rs6691117 / G / 0.0002584 / 0.9737 / 0.9737
2-year / right amygdala / rs6691117 / G / 0.0005517 / 0.952 / 0.952
2-year / right hippocampus / rs6691117 / G / 0.01138 / 0.0412 / 0.2723
baseline / left CA1 / rs6691117 / G / -2.043 / 0.4742 / 0.9662
baseline / right CA1 / rs6691117 / G / 1.475 / 0.5794 / 0.869
2-year / left CA1 / rs6691117 / G / 0.005157 / 0.577 / 0.8265
2-year / right CA1 / rs6691117 / G / 0.008278 / 0.3664 / 0.5495

CR1, the complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1; FDR, the false discovery rate; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging;

*β is a parameter which indicates the positive (β>0) or negative (β<0) relations of original data.