Supplementary Table 1 DLA production from various waste products
Micro-organism / Raw material / Optical purity / Carbon source / Lactic acid Yield(g/l) / Yield
YP/S
(g/g) / References
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii / Sugarcane Molasses / 98.3% / Sucrose / 120 / 0.95 / Calabia and Tokiwa 2007
Lactobacillus amylovorus ATCC 33620 / Potato / 30% / Starch / 4.2 / - / Linko and Javanainen 1996
Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens ATCC 25600 / Cellulose / 100% / Cellulose / 24 / 0.89 / Yanez et al. 2003
Lactobacillus sp. LMI8 / Whey with Corn steep liquor / 98% / Lactose / 52.3 / - / Lima et al. 2010
Lactobacillus delbrueckiiLD 0028 / Rice / 96.9% / Maltose / 83.5 / - / Lee 2007
Lactobacillus delbrueckii Sp. lactis ATCC 4797 / CWP / 98.2% / Lactose / 24.3 / 0.49 / Present Study
References:
Calabia B P and Tokiwa Y (2007) Production of D-lactic acid from sugarcane molasses, sugarcane juice and sugar beet juice by Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Biotechnol Lett 29:1329–1332
Linko Y Y, Javanainen P (1996) Simultaneous liquefaction, saccharification, and lactic acid fermentation on barley starch, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 19,118–123.
Lima C J B, Coelho L F and Contiero J (2010) The Use of Response Surface Methodology in Optimization of Lactic Acid Production: Focus on Medium Supplementation, Temperature and pH Control. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 48 (2) 175–18.
Lee C W (2007) Production of D-Lactic Acid by Bacterial Fermentation of Rice, Fibers and Polymers. Vol.8, No.6, 571-578.
Yáñez R, Moldes A B, Alonso J L, Parajó J C (2003) Production of D(–)-lactic acid from cellulose by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Biotechnol. Lett. 25, 1161–1164.
Supplementary Table 2 Composition of SCWP and CWP
Component / SCWP / CWPLactose (g/l) / 50 / 35.43
Protein(g/l) / 5.3 / 5.21
Mg(mg/l) / 36 / 101.2
P (mg/l) / - / 9.64
K (mg/l)
Zn (µg/l) / 1300
210 / 1173
-
Na(mg/l) / 260 / 315.61
Ca (mg/l) / 291 / 321
Fat (%) / 0.2 / 0.193
Ash (g/l) / - / 1.11
Supplementary Fig.1 Leudeking-Piret parameters for L. lactis in bioreactor experiment, α and β values are 1.31 and 0.129 respectively. Higher value of α indicates DLA a primary metabolite:
The Luedeking–Piret model was used to describe the DLA production,
where is specific DLA productivity (g DLA g-1DCW l-1), µ is specific growth rate (h-1), α is the growth-associated constant, and β is the non-growth-associated constant. Experimentally determined biomass and DLA concentration values were employed to estimate specific growth rate (using logistic model) and specific DLA production rate.
Supplementary Fig.2 Comparative analysis of DLA production by L. lactis in 3 different production media viz., WP, WP+AC, WP+CH under shaking incubation conditions. All experiments were performed using 5 % v/v inoculum, at 37°C and 200 rpm. Supplementation of casein hydrolysate with CWP was found to yield high titer DLA.